C4 Integration Answers

Integration by Substitution Answers

1.

u =x1

du
2u dx = 1

x=u +1

M1 A1 A1

2
2
(u 1)
2u du

u
I=

2 (u 4 2u 2 1) du

A1

u 5 2u 3

u c

5
3

= 2
=

2
5

5
2

M1 A1

3
2

1
2

( x 1) 43 ( x 1) 2( x 1) c

M1 A1

10
[10]

2.

du
Uses dx = 6x

M1

1 du

2
To give u 3

A1

1
Integrates to give 3u

M1, A1

Uses correct limits 16 and 4 (or 2 and 0 for x)

M1

1
1
1

To obtain 48 12 16

A1

6
[6]

3.

du
du
u = 1 + sin x dx = cos x or du = cos x dx or dx = cos x

(u 1)u du

M1

I=

M1, A1
Full sub. to I in terms of u, correct

(u
=

u 5 ) du

M1
Correct split

u7 u6

6 (+ c)
= 7

M1, A1
n

M1 for u u
u6
= 42 (6u 7) (+ c)
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n+1

M1
1

Attempt to factorise
(1 sin x) 6
(1 sin x) 6
42
42
=
(6 sin x + 6 7 ) + c
(6 sin x 1) (+ c) (*)

A1 cso
[8]

Alt: Integration by parts

M1

u6 1 6
u du
I = (u 1) 6 6
Attempt first stage

M1

u6 u7
= (u 1) 6 42 Full integration

A1

u7
u6
u7
6u 7 7u 6
42
(= 6 6 42 or
)
rest as scheme

4.

1
(x

= cos
=

dx

1
x2 )2

sec

1
3

(1 sin 2 ) 2 cos d
dx
Use of x = sin and d = cos

M1

M1 A1

d = tan

Using the limits 0 and 6 to evaluate integral

tan 06 1 3
3
3

M1 A1
M1

cao A1

Alternative for final M1 A1

1
Returning to the variable x and using the limits 0 and 2 to evaluate integral

1
2

(1 x 2 )

1
3

3
3

M1

cao A1
[7]

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Integration By Parts Answers

5.

Separating the variables

dy
x 2 cos x dx
y

M1

LHS ln y

B1

RHS x 2 sin x 2 x sin x dx

M1 A1 A1

= x sin x 2[x(cos x)

1 ( cos x) dx ]

= x sin x + 2x cos x 2 sin x + c

A1
A1

y =1 at x = gives
0 = 0 + 2(1) 0 + c
c = 2
2

ln y = x sin x + 2x cos x 2 sin x + 2

M1 A1
[9]

6.

(a)

I = x cosec (x + 6 )dx = xd(cot(x + 6 ))

= x cot(x + 6 ) + cot(x + 6 )dx

x cot( x ) ln(sin( x ) / c
6
6
=
(*)
2

(b)

y(1 y) dx 2 xcosec
LHS =

(x

) dx
6

1
1
dy

y 1 y

y
1 y

lny ln 1 + y or ln
= 2(a)
y
1

ln
x cot x ln sin x c
2 1 y
6
6

(*)

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M1
A1
A1c.s.o.

M1
M1 A1
M1 M1

A1c.s.o.

(c)

1 1

ln ln sin
6 +c

y = 1, x = 0 2 2
1 1
ln
c = 2 2

M1
A1 M1

1
y

1
1 1

ln
.1 ln
ln
2 1 y
12
2 2 2
x = 12
"c"
ln

1 y
6

(i.e.

y 1
e6
y

A1

)
M1

(o.e.)
1 = y(

e6

1)
1

6
y = e 1
(o.e.)

A1

6
[15]

7.

(a)

R=

1
1
1
x
x
x

2
2
x sin 2 dx = 2x cos 2 + 4x cos 2 dx

1
1
x
8 sin ( 2 x)
2

M1 A1

1
1
x
x
( 1 x)
2

= 2x cos
+ 8x sin 2 + 16 cos 2

A1

1
x
2
= 2x cos 2 + 8x sin
2

Use limits to obtain [8 16] [8]

(b)
(c)

Requires 11.567
(i)

Area = 4 , [9.8696 + 0 + 2 15.702]

(B1 for 4 in (i) or 8 in (ii))

= 32.42

(ii)

M1 A1

Area = 8 [9.8696 + 0 + 2(14.247 + 15.702 + 11.567)]

M1 A1

B1

B1, M1
A1
M1
= 36.48

A1

5
[13]

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8.

(a)

Attempt at integration by parts, i.e. kx sin 2x k sin 2xdx,

with k = 2 or
1
1
= 2 x sin 2x 2 sin 2x dx

M1
A1

1
1
2
Integrates sin 2x correctly, to obtain x sin 2x + 4 cos 2x + c
M1, A1
(penalise lack of constant of integration first time only)
(b)

Hence method: Uses cos 2x = 2cos x 1 to connect integrals

B1
Obtains
1 x2
x2 x
1
x cos 2 xdx { answer to part(a )}
sin 2 x cos 2 x k
2 2
4 4
8
M1A1
Otherwise method
x
1
x
1
x cos 2 xdx x sin 2 x
sin 2 x dx
2
4
2
4
B1, M1

1
x
B1 for ( 4 sin2x + 2 )
x2 x
1
sin 2 x cos 2 x k
8
= 4 4

A1

3
[10]

Integration and Partial Fractions Answers

9.

(a)

(b)

A(2 x) + B(1 + 4x) = 5x + 8

M1

x=2

9B = 18

B=2

A1

1
x=4

9 A 27

4
4 A=3

A1

Area =

1
2

g ( x) dx

+ (attempt to integrate)

dx
dx
3
2
(2 x)
= (1 4 x)
=

3
4

3
4

3
4

ln(1 4 x) 0 2 ln(2 x) 0
1
2

1
2

ln 3 2 ln ( 2 ) + 2 ln 2

A1 A1
M1 A1 A1

ln 3 2 ln 3 + 2 ln 2 + 2 ln 2

= 4 ln 2

5
4

ln 3

A1

7
[10]

10.

(a)

1 14 x
A
B

(1 x)(1 2 x) 1 x 1 2 x and attempt A and or B

A = 5, B = 4

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M1
A1, A1

5
4

dx
1 2x
1 x
= [5ln 1 x 2 ln 1 + 2x ]

(b)

M1 A1

4
2
5
5
= (5 ln 3 2 ln 3 ) (5 ln 6 2 ln 3 )

M1

5
4
4
5
= 5 ln
+ 2 ln
5
125
= 3 ln 4 = ln 64
(c)

5(1 x)

4(1 + 2x)
2

M1 A1

B1 ft

= 5(1 + x + x + x ) 4
(1) (2) (2 x) 2
(1) (2) ( 3) (2 x ) 3
...
2
6
(1 2x +
+
)
2

M1 A1

= 1 + 13x 11x + 37x .

M1 A1

5
[13]

11.

(a)

Method using either

A
B
C
A
Dx E

2
(1 x) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 x 3) or 1 x (2 x 3) 2
A=1
C = 10 , B = 2 or D = 4 and E = 16

(b)

[1 x 2 x 3 10(2 x 3)

]dx

B1,
A1, A1

Dx E

1 x (2 x 3)

or
ln1 x + ln2x + 3 5(2x + 3) (+c) or

M1

dx
M1

ln1 x + ln2x +3 (2x + 8)(2x + 3) (+c)

(c)

Either
1
1
2
(1 x) + 2(3 + 2x) + 10(3 + 2x) =
2
1+x+x +
2
2x 4x 2
(1

...)
3
3
9
10
2x
(2)(3) 2 x 2
(1 ( 2)( )
( ) ...)
9
3
2
3
25 25
25 2

x
x ...
9 27
9

M1 A1 ftA1 ftA1 ft

M1
A1 ft
M1 A1 ft
A1 ft
M1 A1

Or
2
1
2
3 1
25[(9 + 12x + 4x )(1 x)] = 25[(9 + 3x 8x 4x )]
M1 A1
2
3 1
2
3
2
3x 8 x
25
3x 8x
4x
25
4x x

.. .
1
1

9
9
9
9
9
9
9 9
9
M1 A1 A1
25 25
25 2

x
x
9 27
9
M1, A1

7
[16]

Integration and Volumes Answers

12.

(a)

5x 3
A
B

(2 x 3)( x 2) 2 x 3 x 2

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5x + 3 = A(x + 2) + B(2x 3)
3
Substituting x = 2 or x = 2 and obtaining A or B; or equating
coefficients and solving a pair of simultaneous equations to obtain
A or B.
A = 3, B = 1
If the cover-up rule is used, give M1 A1 for the first of A or B
found, A1 for the second.

5x 3

(2 x 3)( x 2) dx 2

(b)

M1
A1, A1

ln(2x 3) + ln(x + 2)

... 62 3
2 ln 9 + ln2
= ln 54

M1 A1ft
M1 A1
cao A1

5
[8]

13.

Volume =
=
=

1
2
1
x
2

dx

,=

4 x 4 ln x x 1

4 1
dx
x x2

M1, M1

4
1
2

A1 A1

16 4 ln 4 14 2 4 ln 12 2

= [15.75 + 12 ln 2]

M1 A1
A1
[7]

Volume = 1

2 x

14.

2 x

dx

dx

1
=

1
x

M1

1
dx
4 x

x 2 x 4 ln x

B1

M1 A1 A1 ft

Using limits correctly

M1

8 4 ln 4 3

Volume =

A1

5 2 ln 2

A1

8
[8]

15.

(a)

8
x x2 = 0 x3 = 8 x= 2

(b)

8
2
x
x

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x 4 16 x

64
x2

M1 A1

M1

( x 4 16 x 64 x 2 )dx

x5
64
8x 2

x
5

x5
64
8x 2
5
x

32
1

32 32 8 64
5
5

M1 A1

71
3
Volume is 5 (units )

M1 A1 ft
A1

7
[9]

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16.

Use of V =

y 2 dx

M1

36
2
y = 16x + x ; 48
2

Integrating to obtain ()
()

16 x 3 36

48 x

x
3

2
3
V = 211 3 (units )

16 x 3 36

;48 x

x
3

ft constants only

1
1

( ) 140 ( 71 )
3
3

correct use of limits

M1 A1ft; A1ft

M1
A1

8
[8]

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