AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AMITY UNIVERSITY
APPLIED CHEMISTRY-I Semester
Tutorial Sheet - I (Water Treatment)
1 What are the specifications of water for various industries?
2. Why does hard water consume a lot of soap?
3. What is the difference between soft and sterilized water?
4. State chemical reactions, which remove bicarbonate hardness and justify your answer
5. Why is NH3-NH4Cl buffer added in the determination of hardness of water?
6. Why Ca/EDTA complex is more stable than Ca/EBT complex
4. Discuss which of the following substances will increase, decrease or have no effect on
the hardness of water:
Ca (OH)2, Mg(HCO3)2, MgSO4,Ca(HCO3)2, CaSO4, CaCl2, KCl, NH4Cl, NH4OH,
NH4)2CO3, Na2SO4, BaCO3, NaCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, Na3PO4, NaAlO2, Na2[Na4(PO3)6].
5. 0.5 g CaCO3 was dissolved in dil HCl and diluted to 500 ml. 50 ml of this required
40 ml EDTA. 100 ml hard water required 50 ml EDTA and after boiling 50 ml consumed
20 ml EDTA. Calculate temporary hardness.
6. What is the difference between soft and sterilized water?
7. State chemical reactions, which remove bicarbonate hardness and justify your answer.
8. Why is calgon conditioning better than phosphate conditioning?
9. Compare carbonate conditioning and phosphate conditioning of boiler water with
respect to the principles involved, advantages and limitations .
10. Establish the relation between between mg/l and ppm .
11. Is boiled water 100% safe for drinking. Why?
12. Ca(HCO3)2 causes scale formation in low pressure boilers and not in high pressure
boilers. Why?
13. What is priming? How is it caused? What are its disadvantages?
14. Why silica, oil and dissolved gases should not be present in boiler feed water.
15. What may be the consequences of using water containing MgCl2, CaCO3 and SiO2 in
boilers? Also give remedial measure for the same.
APPLIED CHEMISTRY-I Semester
Tutorial Sheet -II (Water Treatment)

1 ) Can alkalinity of water be due to presence of OH-, CO32- and HCO3- simultaneously?
Explain . Prove that if P>1/2M, CO32- = 2(M-P).
2) A sample of water was alkaline both to phenolphthalein and methyl orange .0.50ml of
this water sample required 15 ml of N/50 H2SO4 for phenolphthalein end point and
another 10 ml for complete neutralization. Calculate the type of alkalinity in ppm.
3) Why does Mg(HCO3)2 require double amount of lime for softening? State chemical
reactions, which remove bicarbonate hardness and justify your answer
4) Water treated by hot lime soda process contains excess silica. Why?

5) A water sample contains the following impurities: Mg(HCO3)2 = 73mg/ltr, CaCl2

= 222 mg/ltr, MgSO4 = 120mg/ltr, Ca(NO3)2 = 164 mg/ltr. Calculate the quantity
of lime (74% pure) and soda (90% pure) needed for softening 5000 ltrs of water.
6) Yamuna river water on analysis gave the following results: CO2 = 22 ppm, HCO3= 305ppm, Ca2+ = 80ppm, Mg2+ = 48ppm, TDS = 500ppm. Calculate carbonate and
non-carbonate hardness of water, also calculate amount of lime and soda required for
softening of water where 417ppm of FeSO4.H2O is used as coagulant. (Ca =40, Mg =
44, Fe = 56, S =32)
7) Is it necessary to pass water through cation exchanger and then through anion
exchanger? What will happen if the process is reversed?
8) Draw the structure of cation and anion exchange resin. Give reaction for regeneration
of the exhausted exchangers.
9) What are ion selective membranes? For what purpose they are used in water
treatment?
10) Define break point chlorination .How is excess chlorine destroyed?