Hydrological Modelling - Yash

HYDRAULICS,
WATER RESOURCES,
COASTAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Editors
Dr. H. L. Tiwari,
Dr. S. Suresh,
Er. R. K. Jaiswal
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology

Bhopal 462 051, Madhya Pradesh, India
HYDRAULICS, WATER RESOURCES,

COASTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Editors
Dr. H. L. Tiwari
Dr. S. Suresh
Er. R. K. Jaiswal
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology

Bhopal (M. P) India- 462003
First Impression : 2014
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal

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ISBN: 97893 84935047
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Preface
In the process of development, quality and quantity of the resources are generally depleted
day by day unless they are replenished by natural or artificial process. Water resource
which is an important resource to sustain the life on earth is under tremendous pressure all
over the world due to climate change, population growth and socioeconomic development.
Hence effective management of water resources with use of latest available technologies
and scientific research have become very crucial for water resources planners and
engineers. Aiming with this HYDRO 2104 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Hydraulics,
Water Resources, Coastal and Environmental Engineering jointly organized by MANIT
Bhopal and ISH in association with NIH Roorkee, IIT Bombay, VNIT Nagpur, SVNIT
Surat, Peoples University Bhopal during December 18-20,2014. HYDRO conference is
organized every year by ISH in association with Institutions/organizations.
We have received overwhelming response from researchers, academicians, scholars, water

resource managers across the globe and received two hundred ninety papers for the
conference. One hundred twenty papers have selected for the publication of the book. This
book contains one hundred twenty chapters covering in twenty five themes which includes
Advance in Fluid Mechanics, Application of Geospatial Techniques, Costal, Harbour and
Ocean Engineering, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Decision Support System, Drought
Assessment and Mitigation, Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources, Environmental
Hydraulics, Environmental Impact Assessment, Flood Forecasting and Protection
Measures, Fluvial Hydraulics, Ground Water Modelling and Management, Hydel Energy,
Hydrological Modelling and forecasting, Hydraulics of Spillway and Energy Dissipaters,
Hydraulic Structures, Integrated Watershed Management, Rehabilitation of Dam,
Reservoir Operation and Irrigation Management, Reservoir Sedimentation, Risk Reliability
Hydraulics, Water Resources, Coastal and Environmental Engineering (HYDRO 2014)
Analysis and Design, Soft Computing Techniques, Water and Wastewater Management,
Water Quality Assessment and Modelling, Water Resource and Hydrology.
We wish to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to all contributors,

who have helped on bringing out this for dissemination of knowledge to the society,
organisations, planners, researchers and managers. We are thankful to the Dr. Appukuttan
K. K., Director, MANIT Bhopal for his constant encouragement and guidance to bring out
this book. We place our sincere gratitude to efforts of ISH office bearers who have helped
to complete the book. We are grateful to Dr. A. K. Sharma, Prof. and Head, Civil
Engineering Deptt., MANIT for constant support and help to publish this book. We are
grateful to all the authors who contributed for this book. We are also thankful to all those
who have helped directly or indirectly in this regard.
With warm regards
Dr. H. L. Tiwari
Dr. S. Suresh
Er. R. K. Jaiswal
ii
Contents
Chapter 1.
Preface
Numerical Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Performance with Varrying Number

of Blades
V. K.Gahlot, H. L. Tiwari , Tarun Kumar Sharma
Chapter 2.
Surge Protection Design for Water Conveyance System for the Case of Power
Failure To Pumps in Lift Irrigation Scheme Using SAP2
Ruben Nerella , E.Venkata Rathnam , P. Raghuveer Rao
Chapter 3.
Hydrodynamic Studies on Liquid - Liquid Two Phase Flow

Through A Horizontal Pipe
21
R.B. Katiyar, Shashank Tiwari, Piyush Pratap Singh, Sanjay Singh, Shakti Nath Das, S. Suresh
Chapter 4.
Flood forecasting Using Soft Computing: A Case Study
28
A. K. Lohani, A. K. Kar, R. K. Jaiswal, R. D. Singh
Chapter 5.
Flood Plain Mapping of Shivnath River By Using Gis and HEC RAS
Sanjeev Kumar Bhraria, Ishtiyaq Ahmad , M. K. Verma
42
Chapter 6.
Accessing Carrying Capacity of River Reach Using HEC RAS
52
D. J. Mehta, S. M. Yadav, S. I. Waikhom
Chapter 7.
Flood Disasters, River Training & Flood Control Measures in River Ganga
and Its Two Tributaries
61
S.K. Mazumder
Chapter 8.
Comparative Evaluation of VPMM and Mike 11 Models for Estimating

Ungauged River Floods
70
Ratnakar Swain , Bhabagrahi Sahoo
Chapter 9.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Aggradation for Alluvial Stream Bed
83
B. R. Andharia, P. L. Patel, V. L. Manekar , P. D. Porey
Chapter 10.
Boundary Shear Stress Distribution Along the Converging Floodplain of A

Non Prismatic Compound Channel Flow
96
B. Naik, Kishanjit K. Khatua,Shiba Shankar Satapathy
Chapter 11.
Morphological Changes of River Kosi From Chatra to Nirmali
109
Sanjay A. Burele, Nayan Sharma, Z. Ahmad, I. D. Gupta
Chapter 12.
Characterization of Turbulence in Mobile Boundary Channels
124
Dhvani Y. Patwa, P. L. Patel , P. V. Timbadiya
Chapter 13.
Study of Flow Characteristics for Parshall Flume
139
Jalam Singh, S. K. Mittal, H. L.Tiwari
iii
Chapter 14.
Study of Sediment Concentration Distribution in Vortex Settling Basin

Considering Three Dimensional Flow
149
Mujib Ahmad Ansari , Mohd Athar
Chapter 15.
Morpho Hydrodynamic Modelling of Kosi River
162
V. Parmar, R. Khosa, R. Maheswaran
Chapter 16.
Turbulence Characteristics Over A Fluvial Channel Bed
171
Sudhanshu Dixit, P. L. Patel
Chapter 17.
Flow Characteristics in A Vegetated Open Channel
185
S. K. Debbarm, S. K. Biswal
Chapter 18.
Experimental Study on incipient Motion of Cohesive Sediment Mixture
196
Umesh K. Singh, Z. Ahmad, Ashish Kumar
Chapter 19.
Scour and Deposition Around Submersible Hydraulic Structures, Case Studies
205
M. Athar, M Aamir
Chapter 20.
Flow Resistance in Alluvial Channel
217
Shri Ram
Chapter 21.
Explicit Equation for Sediment Settling Velocity
226
Manish Kumar, Shri Ram
Chapter 22.
Evaluation of Existing Equations for Maximum Scour Depth Near Spur Dikes
236
Manish Pandey, Z. Ahmad, P. K. Sharma
Chapter 23.
Assessment of Groundwater Level in Southwest Punjab, India
248
Gopal Krishan, M.S.Rao, A. K. Lohani, C.P. Kumar,

K.S. Takshi, N.K. Tuli, R. S. Loyal, G. S. Gill
Chapter 24.
Capture Zone Delineation of An Unconfined Well Field Using Analytic

Element Method and Reverse Particle Tracking Technique
255
Partha Majumder, T. I. Eldho
Chapter 25.
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Due To Monsoon Rains in Parts

of Narsinghpur (M.P.), India Using Isotopic Technique
265
S. K. Verma
Chapter 26.
Experimental Investigation of Solute Transport Through Fractured

Porous Rock
274
P. K. Sharma, Suman Pran Sonowal
Chapter 27.
Groundwater Storage Analysis in Changing Land Use / Land Cover for Four
Districts of Upper Ganga Canal Command (1972 2011)
283
Nitin Mishra, Deepak Khare, S. Kumar, Rituraj Shukla
iv
Chapter 28.
Groundwater Flow Simulation in Confined Aquifers Using Meshfree Radial

Point Collocation Method (RPCM)
295
L. Guneshwor S., T. I. Eldho, A. Vinod Kumar
Chapter 29.
A Review on the Design Efficient Blade of Hydrokinetic Turbines
305
Dinesh Kumar, Shibayan Sarkar
Chapter 30.
Model Studies on Oscillating Water Column Based Simple Wave Energy Buoy
316
Jincy Rose, M. A, B.V. Mudgal, Prasad Dudhgaonkar
Chapter 31.
Multiscale Analysis of Winter Temperature Datasets From Southern India

Using the Hilbert Huang Transform
327
S. Adarsh, M. Janga Reddy
Chapter 32.
On Utility of CFS forecasts for Long Lead Time Stream Flow

forecasting in Mahanadi Basin
337
Alok Pandey, V. V. Srinivas, Ravi S. Nanjundiah
Chapter 33.
Use of Artificial intelligence for Sediment Rating and Gauge Discharge Curve
347
Sanjay A. Burele, Nayan Sharma, Z. Ahmad, I. D. Gupta
Chapter 34.
Event Based Stream Flow Estimation and Validation Using Semi Distributed
Hydrological Model in Netravati River Basin, Karnataka State, India
362
B. P. Ganasri, Neeraj Rajasekar, Tasneem Ashraf , Suruchi Sah, Raju A., Dwarakish G. S.,
Chapter 35.
Assessing Swat for Discharge and Sediment Yield Estimation From Satluj
Basin in Indian Himalayas
373
J. Tyagi, Sanjay K. Jain
Chapter 36.
Effect of Presence of Cohesive Wash Load on Flow Resistance
388
Nitin K. Samaiya, N. K. Khullar
Chapter 37.
Rain fall Runoff Model Development Under Regulated River Flow Condition
399
R.V. Galkate, R. K. Jasiwal, T. Thomas, T. R. Nayak
Chapter 38.
Calibration and Validation of Hydrologic Model for Yerli Sub Catchment

(Maharashtra, india)
413
V. D. Loliyana, P. L. Patel
Chapter 39.
Numerical Flow Simulation Through a Breastwall Spillway

An Application of CFD Software Flow 3D
430
Kulhare, A. Gadge, P.P. Bhajantri, M. R. Bhosekar V.V.
Chapter 40.
Experimental investigations for Hydraulic Design of Kotlibhel Dam Spillway

Stage 1A, uttarakhand A case study
441
Sangeeta Patnaik, B.S. Sunderlal, B.M. Simpiger,Vaishali Gadhe, V.V. Bhosekar
Chapter 41.
Simulation of Simple Cylindrical Flume in Trapezoidal Channel
453
Avinash M.Badar, Valsson Varghese, Aniruddha D. Ghare
Chapter 42.
Effect of Clear Spacing and Width (Flatness) of Rack on Discharge

Characteristics of Trench Weir
463
S. Kumar, Z. Ahmad
Chapter 43.
An Approach To Analyze the Flow Characteristics of Sharp Crested

W Planform Weirs
475
K. K.Gupta, S. Kumar, Z. Ahmad
Chapter 44.
Gaps and Scope of Turbulence Study Near Piano Key Weir (PKW)
486
Harinarayan Tiwari, Nayan Sharma
\
Chapter 45.
Stilling Basin Models with Square intermediate Sill
493
H.L.Tiwari, A. Goel, V. K. Gehlot, S.Tiwari
Chapter 46.
Analytical Approach for the Critical Submergence for Horizontal intakes

in Open Channel Flows
502
M. Hashid, A. Hussain, Z. Ahmad
Chapter 47.
Experimental investigation of Levee Breach Due To Overtopping
512
Shikha Chourasiy, P. K. Mohapatra, S. Tripathi
Chapter 48.
Hydraulics Performance of A Trench Weir Under Supercritical

Approach Flow
522
S. Bhave, V. Verma , Z. Ahmad
Chapter 49.
The Effect of Parthenium Hysterophorus Weed on

Basin Hydrology
531
Soham Adla, Shivam Tripathi
Chapter 50.
Flow Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of An Agricultural Hilly

Watershed Using WEPP Model
542
Saroj Das, Laxmi Narayan Sethi, R. K. Singh
Chapter 51.
Stability Assessment of Chang Dam After Rehabilitation
552
R. Singh, D. Roy
Chapter 52.
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Sher Tank Project
557
Vishnu Arya
Chapter 53.
Optimal Reservoir Operation Policy in Fuzzy Environment
561
Balve P. N., Patel J. N.,
Chapter 54.
Water Balance Assessment of Krishna River Basin Through System Simulation
569
N.S.R. Krishna Reddy, S.K. Jain
Chapter 55.
Performance Evaluation of A Multi Purpose Reservoir Using Simulation

Models for Different Scenarios
581
Priyank J. Sharma , P. L. Patel , V. Jothiprakash
vi
Chapter 56.
Development of Agro Climatic Gram Yield Model for Surat

District of Gujarat State
598
P.G. Zore, N. N. Bharadiya, V. L. Manekar
Chapter 57.
Stochastic Dynamic Programming Model with A Fuzzy State Variable for

Reservoir Operation
604
Sangeeta Kumari
Chapter 58.
Fuzzy Logic Based Modelling of Reservoir Operation:

A Case Study of Ukai Dam, Tapi Basin, India
612
Utkarsh Nigam, S. M. Yadav
Chapter 59.
Vulnerability Assessment of Karnataka Coast
622
A. Vittal Hegde, B. J. Akshaya
Chapter 60
Estimation of Runoff Potential Using Scs Cn Method with Remote

Sensing and GIS
637
Ishtiyaq Ahmad1, Vivek Verma , M. K. Verma
Chapter 61.
Sugarcane Crop Mapping of Sangli District Maharashtra Using Remote

Sensing and GIS Technique
646
Prakash Bhamare, Ravindra Shrigiriwar, Deepak kumar Meshram, Sanjay Pande, Anita Morkar
Chapter 62.
Evaluation of Remote Sensing Based Newly Developed Rain Detection

index Over Indian Region
653
Shruti Upadhyaya , RAAJ Ramsankaran
Chapter 63.
Hydrological Modelling of Upper and Middle Narmada River Basin,

India Using geospatial tools
663
A.Gupta, P.K. Thakur, B. R. Nikam, A. Chouksey
Chapter 64.
Comparison of Sediment Deposition/Erosion in Lower Siang Reservoir Using

Selected Transport Function in HEC RAS
676
Kaoustubh Tiwari , S.M Yadav, Neena Isaac, P. D. Porey
Chapter 65.
Sediment Trap Efficiency of Porcupine Systems for Riverbank Protection
688
Mohd. Aamir, Nayan Sharma
Chapter 66.
Contrast in Sediment Yield Patterns of Subcatchments of Upper Tapi Basin
699
Prabhat Chandra, P. L. Patel , P. D. Porey
Chapter 67.
Assessment of Revised Capacity in A Reservoir of Chhattisgarh State of India

Using Digital Image Processing Technique of Remote Sensing Data
711
S. K. Awadhiya, D. K. Sonkusale, R. K. Jaiswal, R. V. Galkate
Chapter 68.
Reliability Analysis of Spillway Against Scour
723
Mohammad Muzzammil, Javed Alam
vii
Chapter 69.
Agricultural Risk Analysis for Mahanadi Basin Underclimate

Change Scenarios
737
S.S. Satpute, Raaj Ramsankaran, D. Raje , T. I. Eldho
Chapter 70.
Wave Prediction at Karwar Using Neural Networks and Particle

Swarm Optimization
747
Deepthi. I. Gopinath, P. Sriram Kumar , G. S. Dwarakish
Chapter 71.
Neural Network Assessment for Scour Depth Around Bridge Piers
759
Arun Goel
Chapter 72.
The ANN Based Scour Pridiction At Bridge Pier in Clayey Sand
768
Javed Alamand, Mohd. Muzzammil
Chapter 73.
Support Vector Machines for Predicting Sequent Depth Ratio
777
Rishabh Bansal, Sudeep, Mahesh Pal
Chapter 74.
Neuro Fuzzy Assessments for Sediment Removal Efficiency of

Vortex Settling Basins
787
Mujib Ahmad Ansari
Chapter 75.
Performance of Different Daubechies Wavelets in Wave forecasting
800
P. R. Dixit, S. N. Londhe
Chapter 76.
Water Use Prioritization Using Fuzzy C Means (FCM) Clustering
810
Subash P. Rai, Nayan Sharma , A. K. Lohani
Chapter 77.
River Sedimentation Prediction Using Wavelet ANN and LS SVM
820
Raj Mohan Singh, Shilpi
Chapter 78.
Estimation of Runoff and Flood Risk in the Narmada River Basin Using
Hydrological Time Series Data Mining
829
Satanand Mishra, H. L. Tiwari, J. P. Shukla, Rakesh Purvia
Chapter 79.
Rejuvenation of River Ganga: Technical and Societal Issues
841
C. S. P. Ojha, Himanshu Arora, Pragya Ojha, Anoop Kr. Shukla
Chapter 80.
Exigency of Managing Coal Mining in Meghalaya for Sustainability of Water

Resources in the Area
857
Anu Radha Bhatia, Sangita. P. Bhattacharjee, Vekhosa Kezo
Chapter 81.
Development of An indigenous Effluent Treatment System for Chemical

Processing of Textiles in Cottage Sector
868
Prabir Kumar Choudhuri
Chapter 82.
Microbial Approaches for Treatment of Textile Dyes in Waste Water
875
Viraj Krishna Mishra, Jyotirmay Dubey
Chapter 83.
A Comparative Study on Water Quality Assessment of A River

Using AHP and Promethee Techniques
880
Ajit Pratap Singh, Parnika Shrivastava
viii
Chapter 84.
Spatial Uncertainty Modelling in Water Quality Networks Using Entropy
891
P.G. Jairaj, P. Athulya
Chapter 85.
Development of Optimization Model for Booster Chlorination Stations for

Drinking Water Distribution System
901
Roopali V. Goyal , H. M. Patel
Chapter 86.
A Comparative Study of Arsenic Removal Techniques for Rural Areas
911
S. Lata , S. R. Samadder
Chapter 87.
Comparison of Surface Drainage Schemes in Different Parts of West Bengal
923
G. N. Raju, Y. Abinay Kumar, Rajesh P. R. , V. R. Desai
Chapter 88.
Development of IDF Curve: A Study for Dholera Region of Gujarat, India
940
Ankit P. Patel, P. V. Timbadiya and P. L. Patel
Chapter 89.
Derivation and Analysis of Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph and S Curve

for Cumulative Watershed Area
950
Brunda G. S. , Shivakumar J. Nyamathi
Chapter 90.
On Potential of Geomorphological Attributes in

Regionalization of Watersheds
964
S.R. Chavan, V.V. Srinivas
Chapter 91.
Regionalization of Watersheds Using Dimensionality Reduction Technique
975
Ganvir, Kanishka, Raje Deepashree , Eldho T. I.
Chapter 92.
Land Use/Land Cover Mapping for Nandyal Taluk of Erdas

Kurnool District Using A Remote Sensing and GIS Application
985
Thammineni Kapilesh, Gopu Sreenivasulu
Chapter 93.
Fractal Analysis of Kosi, Gandak and Baghmati River
996
V. Parmar, R. Khosa, R. Maheswaran
Chapter 94.
Application of Gis for Estimation of Water Potential of A Basin
1006
Shobha Maliwal, Vivek Verma, M. K. Verma
Chapter 95.
Planning of Hydrological Data Monitoring Network for integrated

Water Resources Management of Bina River Pilot Basin
1015
Surjeet Singh, N. C. Ghosh, R. K. Jasiwal, T. Thomas, T. R. Nayak , R.V. Galkate
Chapter 96.
Modernization of Kakrapar Right Bank Main Canal
1030
B. J. Batliwala , J. N. Patel, P. D.Porey
Chapter 97.
Investigation in Observational Rainfall Characterstics in

Gangotri Glacier Basin
1037
Manohar Arora, Rakesh Kumar, R. D. Singh, Jatin Malhotra , Naresh Kumar
ix
Chapter 98.
Analysis of Maximum Hourly Rainfall fordesign of Storm

Network of Surat City
1044
Gaurav Ninama , Pingul Jignesh, Gulshan Yadav, Rahul S. Yadav, S. M. Yadav
Chapter 99.
Flow Duration Curves for Estimating Environmental Flows in Mahnadi

River System, India
1053
Ramakar Jha, Somesh Jena
Chapter 100.
Investigating Regional Trends for the KBK Region of Odisha, India
1069
P. K. Mishra, Sharad K. Jain, Sanjay K. Jain, M. K. Nema
Chapter 101.
Sediment Gradation and Its Spacial Distribution in Harbour Basins
1080
M. A. Mohamed Ansari
Chapter 102.
Optimum Layout of Approach Channel To A Port
1091
R. K.Chaudhari, A. M.Vaidya , S. Kulkarni, M. D. Kudale
Chapter 103.
Simulation of Hydrodynamics and Siltation in A Typical Harbour

in East Coast of India
1097
J. Sinha, Anil Bagwan, M. D. Kudale
Chapter 104.
A Study on the Prerequisties and Methodologies of Creating Repeatable

Signals for Wave Maker
1107
X.L. Li, S.Y. Zhuang
Chapter 105.
Experimental investigation on Performance of inclined Perforated Plate

As Wave Absorbers
1116
P. Krishnendu, R. Balaji
Chapter 106.
Optimization of Layout for the Proposed Mega Container Terminal

off Tekra, Kandla Port
1124
Prabhat Chand, S.S. Chavan, M.D. Sawant , T. Nagendra
Chapter 107.
Assessment of Wave Tranquility in the Proposed Harbour with

Ro Ro Jetty
1136
K. H. Barve, L. R. Ranganath, M. Karthikeyan, M. D. Kudale
Chapter 108.
Numerical Model Studies for Hydrodynamic Aspects of

A Multi Cargo Port
1143
L. R. Ranganath, B. Krishna, M. D. Kudale
Chapter 109.
Shoreline Change Analysis of Dakshina Kannada Coast Along

West Coast of India Using Remotely Sensed Data
1153
Raju Aedla, Ganasri B P, Vijayalakshmi, Dwarakish G S, Jayappa K. S.
Chapter 110.
Sea Water intrusion in the Coastal Area of Navsari District and Its Control
By Direct Surface Method
1165
Vijendra kumar, B. K. Samtani , S. M. Yadav
Chapter 111.
Integrated Flexible Marine Structures for Hybrid Green Energy Source
1176
Aswani U. Asha L. S. P.Duttagupta , T. I. Eldho
Chapter 112.
A Study on Berm Breakwater with Concrete Cubes As Armour Unit

Sainath Vaidya, Geetha Kuntoji, Prashanth, J. Subba Rao
1188
Chapter 113.
Analysis of Boundary Shear Stress in A Two Stage

Converging Compound Channel
1195
A.Mohanta, K. C.Patral, K. K. Khatua
Chapter 114.
Verification of Effects of Turbulence Penentration on Valve Leakage

in Nuclear Reactor Coolant System
1206
Rajesh Gupta, Sagar Paudel, Utkarsh Sharma, Amit Kumar Singh
Chapter 115.
Numerical Modelling for Orifice Spillway
1217
Prajakta P. Gadge , C. V. Jothiprakash, V. V. Bhosekar
Chapter 116.
Decision Support System (DSS) for integrated Water Resources

Management in Madhya Pradesh
1226
Sanjiv Das, R. V. Galkate, Sanjay Gupta , H. L. Tiwari
Chapter 117.
A New index for Agricultural Droughts Based on Crop Needs and

Available Soil Moisture
1243
Meenu Ramadas, Rao S. Govindaraju
Chapter 118.
Study of Spatio Temporal Variation of Groundwater Drought in

Bearma Basin
Dinesh Kumar, T. Thomas, R. M. Singh
1254
Chapter 119.
A Standardized Precipitation index Based Draught Analysis in Upper

Seonath Sub Basin Using GIS.
1266
Preeti Rajput, VivekVerma, M. K. Verma
Chapter 120.
Effective Drought index Based Evaluation of Meteorological Drought

Characterisitcs in Bundelkhand Region of Central India
1278
T. Thomas R. K. Jaiswal, R. V. Galkate, N. C. Ghosh
Chapter 121.
Groundwater Drought Scenario in Bundelkhand Region of Central India

A Case Study for Sonar Basin in Madhya Pradesh
1292
Vivek Kumar Bhatt, T. Thomas
Chapter 122.
Selection of Step Change and Temporal Trend Detection Tests and

Data Processing Approaches
1306
Ganesh D. Kale (MISH), D. Nagesh Kumar (FISH)
Chapter 123.
Neural Networks To Predict Sea Surface Temperature
1317
Kalpesh Pati, M. C. Deo, M. Ravichandran
Chapter 124.
Analysis of Extreme Precipitation Events in Climate Change Perception

Paresha M. Baria, S. M. Yadav
1327
xi
Chapter 125.
Comparative Study of Climate Change Crop Yield

Models for Surat District, Gujarat
1340
P.G. Zore, N. N. Bharadiya, V. L. Manekar
Chapter 126.
Climate Change Impact on Nagpurs Water Supply
1350
Shravan kumar, S. Masalvad, A.D.Vasudeo
Chapter 127.
Optimal Water Allocation for Wheat Production Under Climate Change

Using Cropwat Model
1359
Nivedita Singh, K. K. Singh
Chapter 128.
Estimation of Soil Erosion Using Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation

(Musle) in A GIS Environment
1367
Chandramohan T., M. K. Jose, Purandara B. K.
Chapter 129.
A Study of Effect of Sand Mining on Riverine Environment
1378
Mathew K. Jose, Shantanu K.Y., B. Venkatesh
Chapter 130.
An integrated Approach for Arecanut Crop Health Monitoring
1387
Bhojaraja B. E., Amba Shetty, Nagaraj M. K.
Chapter 131.
Environmental Impact Assessment for Improving Soil Health and Crop

Productivity of Tea Plantation in North Eastern India
1397
Nanda Kumar Singh, Haorongbam Jayashree Rout, Laxmi Narayan Sethi
Chapter 132.
Development of an Indigenous Effluent Treatment System for Chemical

Processing of Textiles in Cottage Sector
1408
Prabir Kumar Choudhuri
xii
Chapter - 63
Hydrological Modelling of Upper and Middle Narmada
River Basin, India Using Geospatial Tools
A.Gupta1, P.K. Thakur2 , B.R. Nikam3, A. Chouksey4
1
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida-201301, India

2, 3, 4
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (ISRO), 4, Kalidas Road,
Dehradun-248001, India
Abstract : The need for assessment of water resources availability in large and ungauged river basin is
frequent topic of discussion. It is now becoming increasingly important for water resources evaluation in
India. Water resources development activities have focused attention on development and application of
physically based hydrological models, which was used to simulate the impact of land and water use on
water resources. The main objective of this study was to test the performance and feasibility of the SWAT
(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for water balance study and prediction of stream flowin the
Upper and Middle Narmada River Basin of India, which can be used for understanding the effects of
future development and management actions. To simulate these impacts, long-term daily meteorological
data was used.The Sequential Uncertainty domain parameter Fitting algorithm (SUFI-2) of SWAT CUP
(Calibration and Uncertainty Program) with multiple sets of parametervalues is used for calibration and
validation, over the entire basin.This calibration and validation was done based on the observed daily
discharge data from India-WRIS (India Water Resources Information System).The goal was to bracket
most of the estimated data within the 95% prediction uncertainty (95PPU), by getting a significant
coefficient of determination (R2) and coefficient of efficiency (NS) between observed and estimated data.
The results after post calibration and validation indicates decrease in average annual water yield from
44.83 mm to 36.67 mm and R2 calculated before calibration 0.86 and increases to 0.88 after calibration.
The simulation results indicate that relatively small parts of the total basin area have a high impact on the
water balance in the catchment. It also indicates considerable reduction in surface runoff from 346.42 mm
to 320.91 mm during 1979 to 1987.The results of present work also indicates that the parameter
uncertainty is not the sole source of uncertainty; the model structure uncertainty is also important. These
processes are mainly associated with the existing large reservoirs regulating the runoff of the River
Narmada.
Keywords:Water Balance in Narmada River Basin, Hydrological Modelling, Soil and Water Assessment
Tool (SWAT).
1. INTRODUCTION
Presently high inhabitants expansion, fast urbanization and climate change along with the irregular
frequency and intensity of rainfall cause difficulty in appropriate water management and storage
plans. Therefore, there is an urgent need of evaluation of water resources at various scales, as it
plays a primary role in the sustainability of livelihood and regional economics throughout the
world. It is the primary safeguard against drought and plays a central role in food security at local
97893 84935047
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Hydrological Modelling Of Upper And Middle Narmada River Basin, India Using Geospatial Tools
and national as well as global levels. Modern researches using satellite based data and GIS
techniques have created a very promising research tool for hydrological investigation and
interpretation of landscape. Surface hydrological indications are one of the promising scientific
tools for assessment and management of water resources.
SWAT, is acontinuous-time, semi-distributed, process based river basin model, developed
toevaluate the effects of alternative managementdecisions on water resources and nonpoint-source
pollutionin large river basins (Arnold et al., 2012). Arnold and Fohrer (2005) described the
expanding global use of SWAT as well asseveral subsequent releases of the model. Gassman et al.
(2007) provided further description of SWAT, including SWAT version 2005,and also presented
an in-depth overview of over 250SWAT-related applications that were performed worldwide. It
was developed to predict impact ofland management practices on water, sediment yield,
andagricultural chemical yield such as nitrogen, phosphorus andbiological oxygen demand,
chemical oxygen demand, runoffmodeling, water balances modeling of large basin. For
thecalibration analysis of this model Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2)program, linked with
ArcGIS i.e. SWAT CUP is being usednow a days (Manaswi et al., 2014).
Many other methods were usedin past to simulate hydrology and soils, land use and management,
also several models were developed to simulate single storm events using a square grid
representation of spatial variability (Young et al., 1987; Beasley et al., 1980). However, many of
these models did not consider subsurface flow, ET or plant growth. Continuous models were also
developed (Johansen et al., 1984; Arnold et al., 1990) but generally lacked sufficient spatial detail.
Narmada River, generally known as Life line of Madhya Pradesh is a fifth longest river in the
Indian subcontinent and it is the third longest river that flows entirely within India. It also longest
westwardflowing river that drains in toArabian Sea at 30 km west of Bharuch, Gujarat after
running for 1,312 km thorough Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat. Narmada Basin. The
Narmada Basin, extends over an area of 98,796 km2most of which lies in Madhya Pradesh (86%)
Gujarat (14%) and a comparatively smaller area (2%) in Maharashtra. The Narmada River is
traditionally considered to be originated from Amarkantak in Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh,
at an elevation of 1037 m above mean sea level. In Basin Atlas, CWC 2014, theNarmada Basin is
divided into 3 Sub-basins viz. Narmada Upper, Narmada Middle and Narmada Lower Sub-basin.
The drainage network of Narmada River consists of 19 major tributaries. The Upper and Middle
Narmada River Basin has an elongated shape with a maximum length of 844.86 km. from east to
west and a maximum width of 234 km from north to south. The hilly regions are in the upper part
of the basin, and lower middle reaches are broad and fertile areas well suited for cultivation. It has
been noted from the elevation map of the basin (Figure 2)that the maximum area of the basin falls
in the 300-500m elevation range. Maximum elevation is observed in the uppermost region of the
basin. The highest elevation in the entire basin is around 1,328 m.
There is a need for hydrological research of the Narmada Basin to support improved catchment
management programs that safeguard the degradation of soil and water resources in various
governing states. The lack of decision support tools and limitation of data concerning weather,
664
hydrological, topographic, soil and land use are factors that significantly hinder research and
development in the area.The main objective of this study was to test the performance and
feasibility of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for water balance study and
prediction of stream flowin the Upper and Middle Narmada River Basin of India, which can be
used for understanding the effects of future development and management actions.
1.1 Use of GIS & Remote Sensing in Hydrological Modeling:
Hydrological modeling is the mathematical representation of the major components of hydrological
cycle in which components are derived with the help of various empirical and complex physical
based mathematical formulae. Hydrological models in spatial domain are mainly of two types:
Lumped models and Distributed models. In lumped model, spatial heterogeneity is not
considered i.e. it considers watershed as single entity with single rainfall input as a whole. It
assumes that whole grid is homogenous and physical property such as soil, land cover, climate, etc.
are same everywhere. These models do not use physical formulas to derive water balance
components. Also variations in meteorological, hydrological and geological parameters are
considered as one aggregated value. Whereas in distributed model, grid heterogeneity is considered
by dividing whole area into number of homogenous units and all the properties lying in the area are
given equal weightage(Krysanova et al., 1999; Singh and Frevert, 2006).
The synoptic and temporal coverage of an area or phenomenon by satellite based remote sensing
sensors has a potential advantage in distributed hydrological modelling of various scales.
Parameters such as runoff cannot be directly measured from remote sensing but can be estimated
with the help of hydrological modelling in which remote sensing data goes as major dynamic input.
Remote sensing has emerged as a powerful tool for cost effective data acquisition in shorter time at
periodic intervals (temporal), at different wavelength bands (spectral) and covering large area
(spatial).The availability of GIS tools and more powerful computing facilities makes it possible to
overcome many difficulties and limitations and to develop distributed continuous time models,
based on available regional information(Sahoo, 2013). Geographic Information System (GIS) helps
in generating various hydrological properties from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) such as
drainage network, flow direction map, flow accumulation map, aspect map, stream order, etc. It
also helps in satellite data storing, processing, interpreting and analysing.
1.2 Soil and Water Assessment Tool:
SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is used for analysing the impact of land management
practices on water, sediment, and agricultural chemical yields in large complex watersheds(Setegn
et al., 2008). SWAT uses a modified formulation of the soil conservation service (SCS) curve
number (CN) technique to calculate surface runoff. The CN technique relates runoff to soil type,
land use and management practices and is computationally efficient (Arnold et al., 1995a). The
computational components of SWAT can be placed into eight major divisions: hydrology, weather,
sedimentation, soil temperature, crop growth, nutrients, pesticides, and agricultural
management(Sahoo, 2013). Although the model operates on a daily time step and is efficient to run
665
for many years, it is intended as a long term yield model and is not capable of detailed, single-event
flood routing (Arnold et al., 1998). ArcSWAT represents both pre-processor and user interface to
SWAT model (SWAT User's guide, 2012).
In this study we focus on calibration, evaluation and application of SWAT 2012 model for
simulation of the hydrology of Upper and Middle Narmada River Basin. The main objective of this
study was to test the performance and feasibility of the SWAT 2012 model for prediction of stream
flow in Narmada Basin.
1.3 Calibration and Parameter Uncertainty Analysis:
Model calibration is the modification or adjustment of model parameters, within recommended
ranges, to optimize the model output so that it matches with the observed set of data and Sensitivity
analysis is the determination of the most influential independent parameter of the model in
predicting the flow (Khare et al., 2014).Vandenberghe et al. (2002) have proposed that a sensitivity
analysis should beperformed before model calibration to identify the most sensitive
parameters.Uncertainty Analysis of distributed model is based on generalized likelihood measures.
For which Sequential Uncertainty domain parameter Fitting algorithm (SUFI-2) of SWAT CUP
has been used, with some limitation in model structure (Singh, 2013).
In the new version of SWAT-CUP a more powerful SWAT edit program is available where all
SWAT parameter arehandled, including different soil layers and managementrotation-operation,
precipitation data etc.(Manaswi et al., 2014). Performance of the SUFI-2 techniques was evaluated
using five objective functions, namely P-factor, R-factor, coefficient of determination R2, Nash
Sutcliffe (NS) and coefficient of determination divided by coefficient of regression bR2 calculated
on daily and monthly time-steps(Singh, 2013).
2. STUDY AREA
Catchment area of the Upper and Middle Narmada basin, with outlet at Garudeshwar in Gujrat
state, extends over an area of 87,581.33 km2 and bounded on the north by the Vindhyas, on the east
by the Maikal range, on the south by the Sapuras and on the west by the Coastal Alluvial Plain.
Lying in the northern extremity of the Deccan plateau, the basin covers large areas in the States of
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and a comparatively smaller area in Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh. Study
area lies between the geographical extent of north 21.25 to 23.875 latitude and east 73.625 to
81.8125 longitude, as shown in Figure 1.
The Tropic of Cancer crosses the Narmada basin in the upper plains area and a major part of the
basin lies just below this line. The climate of the basin is humid and tropical, although at places
extremes of heat and cold are often encountered.Rainfall is heavy in the upper hilly and upper
plains areas of the basin. It gradually decreases towards the lower plains and the lower hilly areas
and again increases towards the coast and south-western portions of the basin. In the upper hilly
areas, the annual rainfall, in general, is more than 1400 mm but it goes up to 1650 mm in some
666
parts.The average annual water potential of the basin is 45.64 BCM. The utilizable surface water in
the basin accounts to 34.50 BCM(Basin Atlas, CWC 2014; WRIS 2012).
Figure 1. Location Map of the Study Area

3. MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 Material/Data used
In the present study, multispectral satellite data of Landsat 8 (Figure 3) from
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov has been used to prepare land use land cover (LULC) map of the
study area, asshown in Figure 4. The digital elevation model (DEM) of Shuttle Radar Topography
Mission (SRTM) fromhttp://srtm.csi.cgiar.org,shown in Figure 2, has been utilized for generation
of topographic database and extraction of various parameters.Soil data from National Bureau of
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP), shown in Figure 5and daily weather data by
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis from http://globalweather.tamu.eduhas been used in this
study. Various softwares like ArcGIS 10.1, ERDAS Imagine 2013,Google Earth and SWAT CUP
5.1 (SUFI 2) has been used with other useful extension likeATCOR 2013 of Erdas Imagine for
atmospheric correction and ArcSWAT 2012. For calibration and validation of hydrological model,
observed daily discharge data from India-WRIS (India Water Resources Information System) has
been used.
3.2 Methodology
The present study concerns the application of SWAT 2012 in the Upper and Middle Narmada
River Basin to examine the influence of topographic, landuse, soil and climatic condition. The
applicationof the model involved calibration, sensitivity and uncertaintyanalysis (SWAT-CUP).
The physical characteristics of watershed are defined and simulated in watershed view of the
667
Model. These characteristics include division of watershed into subwatershed, location of main
outlet, creating HRUs from Land Use Land Cover and Soil map. Next step for simulation in
modeling is defining climate of the catchment. This has been done by reading or generating
weather data of daily precipitation, maximum/minimum temperature, wind speed, solar radiation,
relative humidity and long term weather data (Aggarwal et al., 2007).
Automatic watershed delineation has been done by using SRTM DEM. The drainage map of the
basin isshown in Figure 6. The impact of hydrologic response units (HRU) definition on stream
flow has also been studiedin which the subwatershed obtained from a watershed is further
subdivided into landuse and soil characteristics. For this, SWAT requires the landuse, soil, weather
and terrain data sets for assessment of water yield at the desired outlet of the basin. The SWAT
Simulation menu allows to finalize the setup of all inputs for the SWAT model and perform
sensitivity analysis and auto simulation.
Figure 2. Elevation Map
Figure 4. LULC Map
Figure 3. Landsat 8 Standard FCC Image
Figure 5. Soil Map
668
Calibration of watershed model is a challenging task because of input data uncertainties, model
structure and algorithms, parameterization and output. This can be accomplished manually or using
auto calibration tools in SWAT-CUP (Abbaspour et al., 2007). Using SUFI-2 provides advance
option in hydrological modelling and create control environment between large amounts of data
sets during parameter sensitivity analysis. The long time-series data of discharge is available for the
Garudeshwar gauging station and this was utilized to simulate the model parameters and calibrate
stream-flow correlation between simulated and observed data.A converged solution has been
reached when the objective functions such as coefficient of determination (R2) and coefficient of
efficiency (NS), reaches constant values.
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The Upper and Middle Narmada catchment has been divided into 51 sub-basins and 106
Hydrological Response Units (HRUs). The HRUs of this catchment have been categorized into
different classes mainly on the basis of landuse, soil and slope. It has been clearly observed from
LULC map that the Upper and Middle Narmada River Basin is a deciduous forest dominated area
followed by an agricultural land which contribute to the significant economic importance of the
area. The slope of the catchment has been divided into five classes, viz. 13 (Very Gentle), 35
(Gentle), 510 (Moderate), 1035 (Moderate to Steep) and > 35 (Very Steep),as shown in
Figure 7. It has been found that most of the catchment area has general smooth slope and it covers
about 6070% of the total catchment area but the rest of region especially near the origin of river
the area falls under steep slope category. This high-altitude area contributes to a significant amount
of soil erosion as well as high run-off, especially during monsoon periods may be partly due to
inadequate management practices. Clay and Loamy are the most dominating soil categories found
in this catchment, shown in Figure 5.
The result of initial simulations have clearly shown that the hydrology of the basin has not been
well represented in this setup of model, making calibration inevitable. Based on the calibration
results, the hydrology of the selected subbasins and the entire Upper and Middle Narmada River
Basin has been validated. After simulation, the default values of parameter sets has been used for
calibration for the year 1979 1983 asshown in Figure 8, which results in new values of
calibrating parameter, which has been used to validate for the year 1984 1987 as shown in
Figure 9.
The goal of this parameter fitting procedure was to bracket most of the estimated data within the
95% prediction uncertainty (95PPU). If upon reaching this goal a significant R2 and NS exits
between the observed and measured runoff data then the model can be referred to as calibrated.
However, Schuol and Abbaspour(2005) have suggested the practically it is sufficient to bracket 80
percent of measured data within the 95PPU. The 95PPU represents also the parameter uncertainty
resulting from the non-uniqueness of effective model parameters.
Five parameters were included in the calibration procedure: CN2 value i.e. SCS Runoff Curve
Number [unit less] and some groundwater parameters like ALPHA_BF i.e. Base Flow Factor
[days], GW_DELAY i.e. Groundwater Delay [days], GWQMN i.e. Threshold depth of water in the
669
shallow aquifer required for return flow to occur [m] and GW_REVAP i.e. Groundwater "revap"
coefficient [unit less].
Figure 6. Drainage Map
Figure 8. Calibration with default

simulated parameters
Figure 7. Slope Map
Figure 9. Validation with simulated

calibration parameters
The fitted values of each parameter shown in Table 1,has been used in first iteration of calibration
for the sensitivity analysis and varied by replacing the values,obtained at the end of each iteration,
within their recommended range.In each iteration, previous parameter ranges were updated by
calculatingthe sensitivity matrix and the equivalent of a Hessianmatrix (Magnus and Neudecker,
1988),followed by the calculation matrix. Parameters were then updated in such a way that new
ranges were always smaller than previous ranges and were centered on the best
simulation(Abbaspouret al., 2007).Table 2 & 3 shows the fitted values, obtained after ninth
iterations of calibration and values obtained after validation, respectively.
670
Table 1. Parameter for sensitivity analysis before calibration

Parameter
r__CN2.mgt
Fitted value
Minimum value
Maximum value
78.54
0.0
100.0
v__ALPHA_BF.gw
0.550000
0.0
1.0
v__GW_DELAY.gw
135.000000
30.0
450.0
v__GWQMN.gw
1.700000
0.0
2.0
v__GW_REVAP.gw
0.137000
0.02
0.2
Table 2. Parameter for sensitivity analysis after calibration

Parameter
Fitted value
r__CN2.mgt
Minimum value
Maximum value
69.92
35.0
98.0
v__ALPHA_BF.gw
0.163513
0.065973
0.243319
v__GW_DELAY.gw
178.5368642
25.2
420.0
v__GWQMN.gw
2.720288
2.604801
3.066749
v__GW_REVAP.gw
0.075097
0.063544
0.096552
Table 3. Parameter for sensitivity analysis after validation

Parameter
r__CN2.mgt
Fitted value
Minimum value
Maximum value
66.47
35.00
98.00
v__ALPHA_BF.gw
0.145779
0.065973
0.243319
v__GW_DELAY.gw
147.1221125
25.2
420.0
v__GWQMN.gw
2.674093
2.604801
3.066749
v__GW_REVAP.gw
0.075097
0.063544
0.096552
For the evaluation of the calibration (and validation) performance of the model, two statistical
parameters, namely R, the squared correlation coefficient between the observed and simulated
output, which in SWAT is usually the stream flow, and NS, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency parameter,
have been evaluated. Values of R > 0.6 and NS > 0.5 for the calibration of the daily and monthly
simulated stream flow are usually considered as adequate for an acceptable calibration (Santhi et
al., 2001).According to Norusis (1999) when the R2value is equal to 1, the model is considered to
671
be good meanwhile if the R2 is lower than 0.5 (near to zero), the model would be considered as not
suitable.
Abbaspour et al. (2004, 2007)suggest to use two more measures i.e. p-factor and r-factor, in case
the comparison of R2 and NS is not adequate. The p-factor is the percentage of the measured data
bracketed by the 95PPU, which value should ideally be 1 and on the other hand, the r-factor, is a
measure of the quality of the calibration and indicates the thickness of the95PPU, which value
should ideally be near zero (Arnold et al., 2012) Table 4 shows the valuesof accuracy parameters
before calibration, after calibration (obtained after ninth iterations) and values obtained after
validation.
Table 4. Accuracy parameters for sensitivity analysis
VARIABLE
p_factor
r-factor
R2
NS
bR2
BEFORE
CALIBRATION
0.55
0.61
0.86
0.63
0.7009
AFTER
CALIBRATION
0.13
0.07
0.88
0.26
0.5638
AFTER
VALIDATION
0.06
0.05
0.93
0.74
0.7054
At first glance, the results appears to be diverse, however a closer look reveals the emergence of
clear patterns. The information gained from ninth iteration of calibration for the year 1979 1983,
results in new values of parameter sets, which has been used to validate the hydrological processes
over the entire basin for the year 1984 1987, as shown in Figure 10&11 respectively.
Figure 10. Calibration with new

fitted parameters
Figure 11. Validation with new

fitted calibration parameters
The mismatch in observed and best estimate of model in calibration and validation phase (i.e.
Figure 10&11) may have occurred due to error in measured input data e.g., rainfall and
temperature, error in measured data used in calibration e.g., river discharge or error in model
672
parameters e.g., hydrologic processes. Thus it reveals that calibration must always be accompanied
by an assessment of the goodness of the calibration,taking intoaccount of all modeling errors. Apart
from error in parameters, it seems that not all processes were included in the model, especially
some that are important in case of large river basins. These processes are mainly associated with
the existing large reservoirs regulating the runoff of the River Narmada. It would be ideal to
include reservoirs and water use in the model, but readily available, detailed information on the
management of the reservoirs and on stored water in the wetlands are almost non-existent. Thus it
emphasizes that the parameter uncertainity is not the sole source of uncertainty, the model structure
uncertainity is also important.
Figure 12. Average Water Balance Components Figure 13. Rainfall and Runoff (1979 1983)
Figure 14. Rainfall and Runoff (1984 1987)

Figure 12 illustrates the water balance components for the values where as Figure 13 & 14 gives
relation between rainfall and runoff for different years for the values After performing the
calibration from 1979 to 1983 and validation from 1984 to 1987, the results shows decrease in
average annual water yield from 44.83 mm to 36.67 mm and surface runoff from 346.42 mm to
320.91 mm.
673
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

In present study an attempt has been done to simulate the impact of land and water use in Upper
and Middle Narmada River Basin, using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool).
For analyzing the influence of topographic, landuse, soil and climatic condition; digital elevation
model of SRTM, multispectral satellite data of Landsat 8, soil data from NBSS & LUP and long
term meteorological data was used, respectively. Model calibration and validation is done by using
SUFI-2 of SWAT CUP to optimize the output so that it matches the observed discharge, available
at Garudeshwar gauging station. To check the performance of the model, five parameters were
used. The final solution has been reached when the two statistical parameters such as coefficient of
determination (R2) and coefficient of efficiency (NS), reaches constant values.
In present study the R2 values were around 0.86 for before calibration and it improves to 0.88after
calibration. The r-factor, whose value should ideally be near zero,was calculated to be 0.61 before
calibration and improved up to 0.07 after calibration. After validation process, the value of
variables viz., r-factor, R2& NS improved up to 0.05, 0.93 & 0.74 respectively, which shows a
close relationship between the observed and simulated discharge.
The results after validation indicates decrease in average annual water yield from 44.83 mm to
36.67 mm. It also indicates considerable reduction in surface runoff from 346.42 mm to 320.91 mm
during 1979 to 1987, after validating all fitted parameters, at the outlet marked in Garudeshwar,
Gujrat. We can conclude from this study that freely available geo-spatial data can be used in
estimation of hydrological variables.
SWAT is a powerful tool for evaluating water flows and productivity of different land uses in such
a big catchment. The simulation results indicate that relatively small parts of the total basin area
have a high impact on the water balance in the catchment, although the uncertainty of result is high.
An improved calibration is realistic but due to the non-uniqueness of effective parameters there
will never be one best fit. The work presented here is only a humble first step; further review of
studies, analysis of data, expert knowledge and experimental work is needed in this field.
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Hydrological Modelling - Yash

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HYDRAULICS,

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology

HYDRAULICS, WATER RESOURCES,

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology

First Impression : 2014

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal

ISBN: 97893 84935047

We have received overwhelming response from researchers, academicians, scholars, water

We wish to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to all contributors,

Hydraulics, Water Resources, Coastal and Environmental Engineering (HYDRO 2014)

Numerical Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Performance with Varrying Number

V. K.Gahlot, H. L. Tiwari , Tarun Kumar Sharma

Ruben Nerella , E.Venkata Rathnam , P. Raghuveer Rao

Hydrodynamic Studies on Liquid - Liquid Two Phase Flow

Flood forecasting Using Soft Computing: A Case Study

A. K. Lohani, A. K. Kar, R. K. Jaiswal, R. D. Singh

Accessing Carrying Capacity of River Reach Using HEC RAS

D. J. Mehta, S. M. Yadav, S. I. Waikhom

Comparative Evaluation of VPMM and Mike 11 Models for Estimating

Ratnakar Swain , Bhabagrahi Sahoo

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Aggradation for Alluvial Stream Bed

B. R. Andharia, P. L. Patel, V. L. Manekar , P. D. Porey

Boundary Shear Stress Distribution Along the Converging Floodplain of A

B. Naik, Kishanjit K. Khatua,Shiba Shankar Satapathy

Morphological Changes of River Kosi From Chatra to Nirmali

Sanjay A. Burele, Nayan Sharma, Z. Ahmad, I. D. Gupta

Characterization of Turbulence in Mobile Boundary Channels

Dhvani Y. Patwa, P. L. Patel , P. V. Timbadiya

Study of Flow Characteristics for Parshall Flume

Jalam Singh, S. K. Mittal, H. L.Tiwari

Hydraulics, Water Resources, Coastal and Environmental Engineering (HYDRO 2014)

Study of Sediment Concentration Distribution in Vortex Settling Basin

Mujib Ahmad Ansari , Mohd Athar

Morpho Hydrodynamic Modelling of Kosi River

V. Parmar, R. Khosa, R. Maheswaran

Turbulence Characteristics Over A Fluvial Channel Bed

Sudhanshu Dixit, P. L. Patel

Flow Characteristics in A Vegetated Open Channel

Experimental Study on incipient Motion of Cohesive Sediment Mixture

Umesh K. Singh, Z. Ahmad, Ashish Kumar

Scour and Deposition Around Submersible Hydraulic Structures, Case Studies

Flow Resistance in Alluvial Channel

Explicit Equation for Sediment Settling Velocity

Manish Kumar, Shri Ram

Manish Pandey, Z. Ahmad, P. K. Sharma

Assessment of Groundwater Level in Southwest Punjab, India

Gopal Krishan, M.S.Rao, A. K. Lohani, C.P. Kumar,

Capture Zone Delineation of An Unconfined Well Field Using Analytic

Partha Majumder, T. I. Eldho

Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Due To Monsoon Rains in Parts

Experimental Investigation of Solute Transport Through Fractured

P. K. Sharma, Suman Pran Sonowal

Nitin Mishra, Deepak Khare, S. Kumar, Rituraj Shukla

Hydraulics, Water Resources, Coastal and Environmental Engineering (HYDRO 2014)

Groundwater Flow Simulation in Confined Aquifers Using Meshfree Radial

L. Guneshwor S., T. I. Eldho, A. Vinod Kumar

A Review on the Design Efficient Blade of Hydrokinetic Turbines

Dinesh Kumar, Shibayan Sarkar

Jincy Rose, M. A, B.V. Mudgal, Prasad Dudhgaonkar

Multiscale Analysis of Winter Temperature Datasets From Southern India

S. Adarsh, M. Janga Reddy

On Utility of CFS forecasts for Long Lead Time Stream Flow

Alok Pandey, V. V. Srinivas, Ravi S. Nanjundiah

Sanjay A. Burele, Nayan Sharma, Z. Ahmad, I. D. Gupta