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k=1 N =1 n,mN
Problem 13: A real valued measurable function is said to be semisimple provided it takes
only a countable number of values. Let f be any measurable function E. Show that there is
a sequence of semisimple functions {fn } on E that converge to f uniformly on E.
Solution: Suppose for each integer m 1 we split up R into intervals {In,m }nZ of size 1/m
given by In,m = [(n1)/m, n/m), which in turn partitions E into measurable sets {En,m }nZ
given by En,m = f 1 (In,m ). Define the semisimple function
m =
Xn1
nZ
En,m
It follows that for any integer m 1, if we fix x E there is an n Z such that m (x) =
(n 1)/m f (x) < n/m and therefore x En,m . This means that for each x E and
m 1 we may write f (x) m (x) < 1/m. Therefore if we let > 0, then for any n > 1/,
f n = |f n | < 1/n < on E,
and so n f uniformly on E.
1
Problem 22: (Dinis Theorem) Let {fn } be an increasing sequence of continuous functions
on [a, b] which converge pointwise on [a, b] to the continuous function f on [a, b]. Show that
the convergence is uniform on [a, b].
Solution: Let > 0, and define En = {x [a, b] : f (x) fn (x) < }. Note that since
fSn and f are continuous and converge pointwise, that En are relatively open in [a, b] and
n=1 En = [a, b]. Furthermore, since fn is an increasing sequence then En En+1 . It follows
by Heine Borel that [a, b] is compact and therefore there exists a sub-cover {Enj }N
j=1 of [a, b].
However since En are ascending,
[a, b] =
N
[
Enj = En ,
j=1
Problem 25: Suppose f is a function that is continuous on a closed set F of real numbers.
Show that f has a continuous extension to all of R. This is a special case of the forthcoming
Tietze Extension Theorem.
Solution: We may assume F is non-empty. Since F is closed we see that R F is open,
and
S therefore may be written as a countable disjoint union of open intervals R F =
k=1 (ak , bk ). On each of these intervals, we extend f continuously to f as a linear function
in the following way: suppose x (ak , bk ), then
if ak , bk are finite we define
f (bk ) f (ak )
(x ak ) + f (ak ),
f(x) =
b k ak
if bk = define
if ak = define
f(x) = f (ak ),
f(x) = f (bk ).
Clearly the extended f is now continuous on R since it matches f on the endpoints of the
intervals and is therefore continuous at every point.
Problem 27: Show that the conclusion of Egoroffs Theorem can fail if we drop the assumption that the domain has finite measure.
Solution: Consider sequence fn (x) = [n,) (x). Clearly fn 0 pointwise on R. Suppose
that there existed a set F such that m(R F ) < and fn 0 uniformly on F . Since fn
is an indicator function, this means we can find an N such that fN = 0 on F . This implies
F (, N ) and so [N, ) R F , giving
m([N, )) m(R F ) < ,
2
which is a contradiction.
Problem 29: Prove the extension of Lusins Theorem to the case that E has infinite
measure.
Solution: Suppose f : E R is measurable. We split up E into disjoint finite measure
sets {En }nZ given by En = E [n, n + 1). By Lusins theorem for finite measure sets,
we know that there exist closed sets Fn and continuous
S functions gn : Fn R such that
m(En Fn ) < /2|n|+1 and f = gn on Fn . Define F = kZ Fn and
g(x) =
gn (x)Fn (x).
kZ
kZ