Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
CONCRETE DESIGN
to BS 8110 and EC2
User Guide to Excel spreadsheet files
for contemporary reinforced concrete
design with commentary and hard
copy examples
REINF OR CE
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DETR
ENVIRONMENT
TRANSPORT
REGIONS
FORWORD
This publication was produced by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC) as part of its project Spreadsheets for concrete
design to BS 8110 and EC2. This project was jointly funded by the RCC and the Department of the Environment, Transport
and the Regions (DETR) under its Partners in Technology scheme and was made possible by members of industry with their
contributions in kind.
The RCC was set up to promote better knowledge and understanding of reinforced concrete design and building technology.
Its members are Allied Steel & Wire, representing the major supplier of reinforcing steel in the UK, and the British Cement
Association, representing the major manufacturers of Portland cement in the UK.
Charles Goodchild is Senior Engineer for the Reinforced Concrete Council. He was responsible for the concept and management
of this project and this publication.
Rod Webster of Concrete Innovation & Design is principal author of the spreadsheets. He has been writing RC spreadsheets
since 1984 and is expert in the design of tall concrete buildings and in advanced analytical methods.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The ideas and illustrations come from many sources. The help and guidance received from many individuals are gratefully
acknowledged.
Thanks are due to members of the projects Advisory Group for their time and effort in helping to make the project feasible
and in bringing it to fruition. The members of the Advisory Group are listed inside the back cover.
The RCC extends its special appreciation to:
Richard Cheng, BSc, CEng, Eur Ing, FIStructE, author of the retaining wall and basement wall spreadsheets, Peter Noble for
conversions and checking, and to Andy Pullen for initial studies into compatibility of spreadsheet software. Also to the late
Sami Khan for help with post-tensioning spreadsheets. Thanks also to Alan Tovey (Tecnicom) and Gillian Bond (Words &
Pages) for editing, design and production.
This User Guide, Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110: Part 1 and EC2 is available as:
A publication plus CD-ROM available from BCA Publication Sales
An Adobe Acrobat file UserGuid.pdf on the CD-ROM
A Word document UserGuid.doc (text only) also available on the CD-ROM
Cover: Extracts from spreadsheets; photograph of the in-situ concrete frame building, ECBP, Cardington (BRE)
97.370
First published 2000
ISBN 0 7210 1545 X
Price group F
British Cement Association 2000
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended for those who will evaluate
the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence)
for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA, RCC or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users
should note that all BCA software and publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in
possession of the latest version.
GENERAL NOTES
3
4
11
14
SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110
Elements
Analysis
Slabs
Beams
Columns
Walls
Stairs
Foundations
Tabular versions
17
RCC11
RCC12
RCC13
RCC14
RCC21
RCC31
RCC32
RCC33
RCC41
RCC42
RCC51
RCC52
RCC53
RCC61
RCC62
RCC71
RCC72
RCC81
RCC91
RCC92
RCC93
RCC94
RCC95
Element Design.xls
Bending and Axial Force.xls
Punching Shear.xls
Crack Width.xls
Subframe Analysis.xls
One-way Solid Slabs (A & D).xls
Ribbed Slabs (A & D).xls
Flat Slabs (A & D).xls
Continuous Beams (A & D).xls
Post-tensioned Slabs & Beams (A & D).xls
Column Load Take-down & Design.xls
Column Chart generation.xls
Column Design.xls
Basement Wall.xls
Retaining Wall.xls
Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls
Stairs & Landings - Multiple.xls
Foundation Pads.xls
One-way Solid Slabs (Tables).xls
Ribbed Slabs (Tables).xls
Flat Slabs (Tables).xls
Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls
Continuous Beams (Tables).xls
135
SUPPORTING FOLDERS
Admin
ByOthers
UserGuid
17
24
26
32
34
37
42
47
53
62
83
88
90
93
99
105
108
112
115
117
122
129
131
135
135
136
137
145
148
154
154
155
156
158
SYMBOLS
159
Notes: In the text of this publication, spreadsheets are often referred to by their initial reference number rather than
the full names given above. (A & D) = Analysis and Design.
INTRODUCTION
This publication has been produced under the Reinforced
Concrete Councils project, Spreadsheets for concrete design
to BS 8110 and EC2. It provides.
GENERAL NOTES
Liability
A fundamental condition of use is that the user accepts
responsibility for the input and output of the computer and
how it is used.
As with all software, users must be satisfied with the answers
these spreadsheets give and be confident in their use. These
spreadsheets can never be fully validated but have been
through beta testing, both formally and informally, through
members of the Advisory Group. However, users must satisfy
themselves that the uses to which the spreadsheets are put
are appropriate.
The initial spreadsheets were put through what was termed
idiot-proofing to try and guard against strange numbers
being used. By its very nature, this exercise could not be allencompassing. Future developments, such as adoption of
European standards, might lead to use of concrete strengths
of 37 N/mm2 (fck = 30, fcu = 37) and other material properties
strange to UK eyes. Another example is reinforcement
diameters of 14 mm that are used overseas.
Control
Appropriate use
In its deliberations(8) the Standing Committee on Structural
Safety (SCOSS) noted the increasingly widespread availability
of computer programs and circumstances in which their
misuse could lead to unsafe structures. These circumstances
include:
GENERAL NOTES
Application
The spreadsheets have been developed with the goal of
producing calculations to show compliance with codes.
Whilst this is the primary goal, there is a school of thought(10)
that designers are primarily paid for producing specifications
and drawings which work on site and are approved by clients
and/or checking authorities. Producing calculations happens
to be a secondary exercise, regarded by many experienced
engineers as a hurdle on the way to getting the project
approved and completed. From a business process point of
view, the emphasis of the spreadsheets might, in future,
change to establishing compliance once members, loads and
details are known. Certainly this may be the preferred
method of use by experienced engineers.
Familiarisation
Outline description
There are many different ways to present structural concrete
calculations. Calcs should demonstrate compliance with
relevant design codes of practice, but different designers
want to investigate different criteria and want to set out
calculations in different ways. Spreadsheets cannot satisfy
everyone. The spreadsheets presented here have been set
out to cover the criteria that may be deemed usual. It is
incumbent on the user to judge whether these criteria are
pertinent and sufficient for the actual case in hand. It is also
incumbent on the user to ensure that the inputs are correct
and that outputs are of the correct order of magnitude.
The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal design
practice and cater for the design of low- to medium-rise
multi-storey concrete framed buildings. Each type of element
may be designed in several different ways, e.g. horizontal
frame elements may be designed using:
Element design: design of simple elements to BS 8110:
Part 1(2)
Tabular design: design of elements based on moment
and shears derived from BS 8110: Part 1 Tables 3.12 and
3.5
Analysis and design: design of elements based on
moments and shears from analysis, e.g. sub-frame
analysis, embodied within the spreadsheets.
Element design
Summary
With spreadsheets, long-term advantage and savings come
from repeated use but there are risks that need to be
managed. Spreadsheets demand an initial investment in time
and effort but the rewards are there for those who take
advantage. Good design requires sound judgement based
on competence derived from adequate training and
experience not just computer programs.
GENERAL NOTES
Others
Other spreadsheets provide for the design of pad
foundations catering for one or two columns, punching
shear, stairs (either as single flights and single landings or
flights and landings as in a stair core), small retaining walls
and basement walls. More detail and further references are
given within the spreadsheets themselves.
Layout
Column design
Cell reference
Cell
Toolbars
(use View/Toolbars to
switch on and off)
Formula bar
Scroll bar
Worksheet area
Sheet tabs
Toolbar
Other software
GENERAL NOTES
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Calculations
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can be extensive and whole sheets may be
devoted to them.
Concurrent software
being used
GENERAL NOTES
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GENERAL NOTES
11
GENERAL NOTES
12
GENERAL NOTES
Help
Registered User
Name:
Address 1:
Town:
E-mail:
No. of employees
Continued use
Shareware
These spreadsheets are offered as shareware. This can be
considered a try before you buy system where you are
expected to pay the program authors a registration fee if
you find the programs useful or if they are used for
commercial design. In general you may pass on copies of
shareware programs to colleagues within the UK, although
commercial (for a fee) distribution requires special written
permission from the publisher.
Shareware registration
Designers who use this software in the course of their work
are requested to pay a registration fee of 50 + VAT per
office where the spreadsheets are used. The registration will
cover spreadsheets to both BS 8110 and EC2. In order to
register please either use a print-out of Printreg.xls (see
under Supporting folders page 152) or take a copy of this
page, fill it in and return with payment to The Reinforced
Concrete Council. Separate conditions apply for use outside
the UK and for educational establishments - please apply in
writing.
Organisation:
Address 2:
County:
Postcode (& Country):
Phone:
Fax:
Nature of business:
Benefits of registration
Registrants will receive:
A receipt
A password
By quoting their password, preferential treatment with
regard to support
By using their password, free access to download any
new or updated spreadsheets that may be made
available on the RCCs website at www.RCCinfo.org.uk.
Registration will be valid for at least one year. Beyond that
period the RCC reserves the right to charge for downloading
updates in order to cover costs.
Support
E-mailed questions, comments, developments and
suggestions are welcomed. Send them to rcc@bca.org.uk.
The RCC regrets that it cannot guarantee to reply or to enter
into correspondence. Preference will be given to those who
register and quote their password. The RCC regrets that
telephone enquiries cannot be dealt with.
Updates
It is intended that the RCCs website (www.RCC-info.org.uk)
will include updated versions of the spreadsheets. These will
be downloadable by registrants who can supply their valid
password.
13
GENERAL NOTES
Change control
Nominal protection
Users and managers should be aware that the preadsheets
can be changed. Beyond nominal cell and sheet protection,
the files are open and can be changed. There are several
reasons for this:
The files can be customised by users to their own
preferred methods of presentation and design (e.g.
deflections might be calculated to part 2 of BS 8110;
individual firms or project logos might replace the
RCCs logo)
The protection should stop inadvertent changes and
corruption of cells
Developments and improvements can be made and fed
back to the RCC. Such feedback is encouraged and
allows a wider consensus to be gained
Protection can always be overcome by determined
users
Fully protected files can hide cell contents
Spreadsheet emulators are at present unsuitable for
these particular applications
Different designers want different facilities available to
them and should not be restricted
The spreadsheets are all protected (but with no password).
In other words users have to do something positive if they
are to change any formulae, and must therefore take
responsibility for any deliberate or accidental changes. The
projects Advisory Group held this to be a sensible position.
Users and managers must address change control and
versions for use. The RCC can only control the base versions
issued on CD-ROM (and web page). The published examples
can be used as record copies to help identify changes. Users
Quality Assurance procedures may dictate the use of more
sophisticated protection measures.
Development
The protection may be over-ridden to allow customisation
and individual development. Any development of the
spreadsheets should be undertaken by experienced staff who
14
Assumptions made
During the course of development of these spreadsheets, a
number of structural and computing assumptions have been
made. These are discussed below
As enhancement
Several of the spreadsheets contain automatic routines that
increase As in order to reduce service stress fs and therefore
increase modification factors in order to satisfy deflection
checks. The As enhancement values are the percentages by
which As required for bending are increased in order to
satisfy deflection criteria.
Reinforcement densities
Some spreadsheets give an indication of weight of
reinforcement in the margin under Operating Instructions.
These densities should be used with great caution. Many
factors can affect actual reinforcement quantities on specific
projects. These include different methods of analysis, nonrectangular layouts, large holes, actual covers used, detailing
preferences (curtailment, laps and wastage), and the
unforeseen complications that inevitably occur. As may be
examined in the sheets entitled weight, the densities given
relate to simple rectangular layouts and the RCCs
interpretation of BS 8110. They make no specific allowance
for wastage.
GENERAL NOTES
Design
support
moment
bbM
Comments
Design span moments will probably be less than elastic
moment (minimum of 70% of elastic moment).
This option may lead to a kinked bending moment diagram as
the 70% kicks-in in the spans.
In the case of thin sections such as slabs, consideration of span
deflection and service stress often leads to reinstatement of any
reinforcement theoretically saved.
bbM
Minimum of
bbM and Malt/bb
bbM
Minimum of
bbM and Malt
Where
bb
= (moment after redistribution)/(moment before redistribution)
= 100% - % redistribution requested
M
= elastic moment at support, all spans loaded
Malt = maximum elastic Moment at support, alternate spans loaded
15
GENERAL NOTES
the spacing rules and least number of bar marks are always
preferable. Eventually, it may be possible to automate this
process, but for the time being it is between the program
user (i.e. the designer) and the detailer to decide how to
rationalise bar arrangements. Any estimates of
reinforcement must take this process into account.
Other spreadsheets tend to size bars in such a way that
minimum centres (or clear spacings) are not exceeded.
It is assumed that issues of detail will be considered by the
engineer and detailer. Issues such as radius of bottom bars
and beam bearings, space between bars in narrow beams,
spliced bars at supports of beams, connection details, etc.,
need to be considered.
Imposed c.f. live loads
Loosely, Imposed load is taken to be the characteristic load
input by the user. Live load is taken to be that part of the
ultimate load that is not characteristic dead load (i.e. Live
load = n - gk).
#DIV/0! (Divide by zero) errors
In some spreadsheets, #DIV/0! results may arise and be
displayed. In sheets intended for printing out, #DIV/0!
indicates an error in or invalid input. In sheets of workings,
they have no relevance to the validity of the sheet or the
spreadsheet as a whole.
Please note that in many cases, but not all, a very small value
has been used rather than zero in order to avoid #DIV/0!
(divide by zero) problems in Excel, e.g. [RCC53.xls]Cases!
13:B18 where = IF(ERROR(G3),0.000001,G3) has been used.
Linking spreadsheets
To avoid complications, links between different spreadsheets
have not been used. Nonetheless, for the experienced user,
linking provides a powerful tool. The results of one
spreadsheet can be linked through to become the input for
another, or project data can be auto-loaded. This minimises
the amount of input required and at the same time reduces
the scope for error in data transfers. For example, the results
of a beam analysis can be carried through to beam design.
Any links created by the user are at his or her discretion.
Deflections
Deflection checks are based on span:depth criteria in the
codes. Estimates of actual deflections are not yet available
within the spreadsheets.
Analysis: cantilever deflections and support
rotation
Support rotations are ignored. Support rotation cannot be
determined except as part of a rigorous deflection analysis.
Rotations cannot be easily derived from moment
distribution, and in any case, gross section slopes are of little
or no value. It is assumed that BS 8110s usual deemed-tosatisfy L/d checks (rule of thumb) are adequate.
16
ELEMENTS
RCC11
SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110
SLAB!
This sheet allows for the design of a section of solid slab in
a single simply-supported span, in a continuous span, at
supports or in a cantilever. These choices have a bearing on
deflection limitations and the user should choose the
appropriate location from the combo-box to the right hand
side. The user may also choose to allow for no or nominal
compression steel; this again affects deflection factors. To
an extent the spreadsheet will automatically increase
reinforcement in order to lower service stresses and enhance
allowable span to depth ratios. The spreadsheet allows a
certain amount of theoretical over-stress as defined by the
user in cell M7. Engineering judgement is required to ensure
that any over-stress is acceptable and that specified
reinforcement is sensibly rationalised.
The example is taken from Designed and detailed (15). The
slight variance in reinforcement requirements is due to the
spreadsheet allowing marginal over-stress and allowing
centres in increments of 25 mm.
RECT~BEAM!
This sheet designs rectangular beams. The location of the
beam may be either in a single simply-supported span, in a
continuous span, at supports or in a cantilever. These choices
have a bearing on deflection limitations and the user should
choose the appropriate location from the combo-box to the
right hand side.
When considering span reinforcement, the spreadsheet will,
where necessary, automatically increase reinforcement in
order to lower service stresses and enhance allowable spanto-depth ratios. In checking deflection, the sheet entitled
RECT~BEAM! includes two bars of the specified
reinforcement diameter to derive a modification factor for
compression reinforcement. The facility to specify additional
compression reinforcement to enhance span-to-depth ratios
is contained within TEE~BEAM!
TEE~BEAM!
TEE~BEAM designs T beams and L beams in single simplysupported span, end span, internal span or cantilever
locations. Again, these choices have a bearing on deflection
limitations and the user should choose the appropriate
location from the combo-box to the right hand side. With
respect to the effective width of the flange, the user may
also choose that the section is considered as a tee- or an
inverted L beam.
A default value for the width of the flange bf is calculated
and displayed as input. This cell may be overwritten if, for
instance, say the user wishes to allow for openings etc. The
default is calculated as being:
web width + 0.14 span for T beams, internal span
web width + 0.16 span for T beams, end span
web width + 0.07 span for L beams, internal span
web width + 0.08 span for L beams, end span
In the determination of compression steel, where the neutral
axis lies below flange, the concrete in web, bw, below flange
has been ignored. This is seen as a valid alternative to the
approach in Clause 3.4.4.5 .
In order to calculate the appropriate deflection factor for
compression reinforcement, there is a facility to specify
compression reinforcement. When considering deflection,
the spreadsheet will, where necessary, automatically increase
span reinforcement in order to lower service stresses and
enhance allowable span-to-depth ratios.
The example is taken from Designed and detailed (15). The
span could have been defined as an end span rather than
interior span: the part of the span in hogging would have
been greater than the 70% assumed and the width of the
flange could have been taken as being wider (1580 mm),
leading to some economy.
SHEAR!
This sheet checks beams or slabs for shear and calculates
any shear reinforcement required. It is hoped that the input
is self-explanatory.
17
ELEMENTS
RCC11
COLUMN!
This sheet designs symmetrical rectangular columns where
both axial load, N, and maximum design moment, Mx are
known (see BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.8.2, 3 and 4). It iterates
x/h to determine where the neutral axis lies. The sheet
includes stress and strain diagrams to aid comprehension of
the final design.
For simplicity, where three or more bars are required in the
top and bottom of the section, it is assumed that a
(rotationally) symmetrical arrangement will be required for
the side faces. This appears to be common practice, for small
to medium sized columns.
For more detailed consideration see RCC52.xls. In particular,
see RCC53.xls regarding the issue of side bars.
COLUMN! Assumes that the moment entered has already
been adjusted, if necessary, for bi-axial bending. For many
side and all corner columns, there is no other choice than to
design for bi-axial bending, and the method given in Clause
3.8.4.5 must be adhered to, i.e., RCC53.xls or sheets 2 and 3
of RCC51.xls should be used.
Theoretical shortfalls in area of up to 2% are considered to
be acceptable. In theory, negative amounts of reinforcement
required can be obtained but these are superseded by
requirements for minimum amounts of reinforcement in
columns. No adjustment is made in the area of concrete
occupied by reinforcement.
Maximum link centres are given. The routine in the area
L61:U81 investigates shear when, in accordance with Clause
3.8.4.6, M/N > 0.6h. In such cases either a maximum allowable
shear is shown where shear is critical, or input of shear and
number of legs in links allows the links to be designed for
18
ELEMENTS
RCC11
SLAB
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19
ELEMENTS
RCC11
RECT~BEAM
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20
ELEMENTS
RCC11
TEE~BEAM
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21
ELEMENTS
RCC11
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23
ELEMENTS
RCC12
MAIN!
Moments are considered to be about the x-x axis. All applied
loads and moments should be ultimate and positive, as
positive moments induce tension in the bottom
reinforcement.
With asymmetrical arrangements of reinforcement the
diagram indicates that negative moments are theoretically
possible. After much consideration, the diagram is
considered to be correct but strictly is valid only for load
cases where the member is operating above 0.1fcu and with
at least minimum eccentricity. These limits are shown on
the graph. A reciprocal diagram is generated automatically
when top and bottom steels are reversed in the input.
Calcs!
Calcs! Shows the derivation of the chart where moment
capacity is calculated at intervals of neutral axis depth from
n.a. depth for N = 0 to n.a. depth for N = Nbal, then in
intervals from n.a. depth for N = Nbal to n.a. depth for N = Nuz.
This sheet shows workings and is not necessarily intended
for printing out other than for checking purposes.
24
ELEMENTS
? `^ YT Rb
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RCC13
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ELEMENTS
RCC14
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32
ELEMENTS
?`^ YT R b
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33
ANALYSIS
RCC21
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the main inputs, most of which
should be self-explanatory. As in other spreadsheets, avoid
pasting input from one cell to another as this may cause
formatting and other errors.
The dimension of the flange width, bf, is automated to be
either bw + 0.07 x span for L beams or bw + 0.14 x span for T
beams.
Unwanted data cells are greyed out. The use of C, K, or E
can alter the characteristics of a support from cantilever to
knife-edge to encastre. Remote ends of supports may be F
for fixed; otherwise they default to pinned. Extraneous data
is highlighted in red or by messages in red. Under Operating
Instructions a number of checks, mainly for missing entries,
are carried out and any problems are highlighted. At the
bottom of the sheet a simplistic but to-scale arrangement
and loading diagram is shown. This is given to aid data
checking. It may prove prudent to write down expected
values for bending moments at each support down before
progressing to ACTIONS!
Also, under Operating instructions, the user should input
the type of redistribution required as explained more fully
under Redistribution (see page 17).
0 means full redistribution
1 limits alternate span upward redistribution to the
percentage specified
2 means no span moment redistribution
UDLs are input as line loads e.g. 4k N/m2 for a 5.0 m wide
bay would be input as 20 kN/m.
Ultimate and characteristic support reactions are given at
the bottom of the sheet
ACTIONS!
This sheet includes charts showing the elastic bending
moment diagram, redistributed moment envelope, elastic
shear forces and envelope of redistributed shear forces.
These diagrams are based on data from the analysis
undertaken in Analysis! at 1/20 span points. Maximum span
and support moments are given.
The user is required to input desired amounts of
redistribution to the initial moments in line 26. Cell L14
allows three types of distribution according to the users
preference for calculating span moments (see Assumptions
made: redistribution). Redistribution input is included close
34
Analysis!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried
out but is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes
ANALYSIS
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35
ANALYSIS
RCC21
ACTIONS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
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36
SLABS
RCC31
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the main inputs, most of which
should be self-explanatory.
The number of spans is altered by entering or deleting data
under L (m). Unwanted data cells are greyed out. The use
of C, K or E can alter the characteristics of the end supports
from cantilever to knife-edge to encastre. Extraneous data
is highlighted in red or by messages in red. Under Operating
Instructions a number of checks are carried out and problems
are highlighted.
For the purposes of defining load, the section is assumed to
be 1.00 m wide. At the bottom of the sheet a simplistic
loading diagram is given to aid data checking. Great care
should be taken to ensure this sheet is completed correctly
for the case in hand. It may prove prudent to write down
expected values of bending moments at each support down
before progressing to ACTIONS!
Support reactions are given at the bottom of the sheet.
Weight!
Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in one direction of the slab per bay and per cubic
metre. Bay and support widths are required as input.
ACTIONS!
This sheet shows bending moment and shear force diagrams
from the analysis undertaken in Analysis! The user is required
to input the desired amount of redistribution to the initial
moments in line 25. Cell J14 allows three types of distribution
according to the users preferences. Requesting
redistribution at a cantilever produces a warning message
in the remarks column.
SPANS!
In SPANS! the user is required to choose top, bottom and
link reinforcement for each span. The amounts of bending
and shear reinforcement required and checks are derived
from detailed calculations in Bar! Unwanted cells are greyed
out.
Unless overwritten, reinforcement diameter specified for a
support carries through both sides of the support, i.e. the
diameter specified for the right hand support of a span
carries over to the left hand support of the next span. It
may be possible to obtain different numbers of bars each
side of the support due to differences in depth or to comply
with minimum 50% span steel; practicality should dictate
that the maximum number of bars at each support should
be used.
Analysis!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried
out but is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with
references to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes. In many
instance service stress, fs, has been set to 1.0 or 0.0001 N/
mm2 to avoid problems with division by zero.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes.
37
SLABS
RCC31
MAIN
? `^ YT Rb
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ACTIONS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
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41
SLABS
RCC32
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the main inputs which should
be self-explanatory.
The number of spans is altered by entering or deleting data
under L (m). Unwanted data cells are greyed out. The use
of C, K or F can alter the characteristics of the end supports
from cantilever to knife-edge to fixed. Extraneous data is
highlighted in red or by messages in red. Under Operating
Instructions a number of checks are carried out and any
problems are highlighted.
WEIGHT!
Analysis!
ACTIONS!
This sheet shows bending moment and shear force diagrams
from the analysis undertaken in Analysis! The user is required
to input desired amount of redistribution to the initial
moments in line 26. Cell L14 allows three types of distribution
according to the users preferences. See Redistribution under
Assumptions made on page 17.
At some future stage might it be possible in the spreadsheet
to summarise reinforcement and where and why failures
have occurred.
SPANS!
In SPANS! the user is required to choose top, bottom and
link reinforcement for each span. The amounts of bending
and shear reinforcement required and checks are derived
from detailed calculations in Bar! Unwanted cells are greyed
out.
42
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with
references to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes. In spans,
service stress, fs, may be reduced to satisfy deflection criteria.
In many instances, minima of 1.0 or 0.0001 have been used
to avoid problems with division by zero.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes.
SLABS
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SLABS
RCC33
MAIN!
This sheet provides the main inputs to the spreadsheet
(although other inputs occur in other sheets).
Most inputs are (we hope) self-explanatory. LEGEND! should
help with definition of dimensions, e.g. edge distance C is
actually from centreline of column to edge of slab. Cover is
defined as being to the layer under design. The layering is
set at T1 - B1 (& T2 - B2) although T1 - B2 might be deemed
more appropriate (e.g. with prefabricated mats).
The number of spans is altered by entering data in the
appropriate cells. Unwanted data cells are greyed out. The
use of C, K, F or P can alter the characteristics of a support
from Cantilever to Knife-edge to Fixed to Pinned. Extraneous
data is highlighted in red or by messages in red. Under
Operating Instructions a number of checks are carried out
and problems found are highlighted. At the bottom of the
sheet a simplistic loading diagram is given to aid data
checking. Great care should be taken to ensure that this
sheet is completed correctly for the case in hand. It may
prove prudent to estimate values for bay width bending
moments at each support by hand before progressing to
ACTIONS!
Cantilevers less than 1.00 m should be described as end
distances (rather than cantilevers; otherwise certain logic
regarding breadth of effective moment transfer strip, be (see
BS 8110: Part 1, Figure 3.13), goes wrong). End distances
equivalent to the half width of the column should be used
to define slabs whose edge is flush with the outside of the
ACTIONS!
This sheet shows bending moment and shear force diagrams
from the analysis undertaken in Analysis! The user is required
to input the desired amount of redistribution to the initial
moments in line 26. Cell L14 allows three types of distribution
according to the users preference.
The sheet also provides output reactions and column
moments. Using the value of Veff for punching shear obviates
the need to use the 1.15, 1.25 and 1.4 factors in Clause 3.7.6.2
to determine Veff from Vt.
SPANS!
SPANS! details the amounts of reinforcement required
derived from detailed calculations in Bar!
LEGEND!
LEGEND! gives an explanation of the dimensions used in
MAIN! and for the analysis and design.
WEIGHT!
WEIGHT! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in one direction of the slab for the internal or end
bays considered. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in
47
SLABS
RCC33
Analysis!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried
out but is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes. It is derived from RCC21.xls.
Bar!
This sheet shows design calculations, complete with
references to BS 8110. It is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes.
Hogging moments at span positions within a span are
checked and are used in the determination of top steel in
spans.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS!
48
SLABS
?`^YTRb
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RCC33
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BEAMS
RCC41
MAIN!
This sheet contains user input of materials, frame geometry
and load data.
Input data is blue and underlined. New data may be input
by overwriting default values or by entering values in greyed
out cells. Entering a value of 5.0 in cell C18 will clear a line
of data in both the span and support data ready for input.
Guidance on input for the type of section and type of end
condition of the support is given under Operating
Instructions.
The sheet has been set up with as many carry throughs as
possible, i.e. input cells are made equal to preceding input
cells to make the inputting of regular beams easier. Inputting
C18 as = C17 will insert 6.00 in the remaining spans: it will
also remove the grey conditional background to the
remaining spans, supports and loads and allow data entry.
Deleting C18, indeed C19, will blank out remaining spans,
etc. Generally, values in red or red backgrounds indicate
either incorrect or excess data. For instance, if knife-edge
supports are required, enter K in cells C24, C25 etc. This
will elicit red data to the right, which needs to be cleared
manually.
Do not copy and paste input values as this can corrupt
formatting (copy and paste values only is OK).
Rebar layering refers to whether there are beams in the
other direction. Answering yes drops by one bar diameter
the steel at the supports. For instance when using splice bars
at the support, bars in the other direction have to be avoided
- and allowed for in the design.
With respect to cantilevers, design for bending caters for
moments at the face of support; design for deflection
considers the cantilever from the centre line of support. In
beam-to-beam situations the width of support can be input
as being very small to avoid under-design in bending.
The example is taken from Designed and detailed (15). In order
to reflect this publication, the spreadsheet has been set up
with the beams being considered as rectangular in both the
analysis and design. The analysis in the spreadsheet mimics
Designed and detailed, but as the spreadsheet considers the
rectangular section for design, more reinforcement is
required particularly in the span. Some economy would have
ACTIONS!
ACTIONS! Includes bending moment and shear force
diagrams, summaries of moments and shears and user input
for amounts of redistribution. users should ensure that the
amounts of redistribution are always considered as there
are no default values.
SPANS!
This sheet designs reinforcement for bending in spans and
supports, and for shear in the spans.
User input is required for the diameters of bending and shear
reinforcement and for the number of legs of links in each
span. Some intuition may be required to obtain sensible and
rational arrangements of reinforcement. In order to
discourage the use of second layers of reinforcement, the
input cells for diameters of reinforcement in second layers
are nominally protected.
Support moments (including cantilever moments) are
considered at the face of the support. This may lead to
unequal amounts of reinforcement being designed for each
side of the support (see Bar!). Usually, the detailer would
be expected to detail the larger amount of reinforcement:
however where different section occur either side of a
support, the detailer should be briefed as to the designers
detailed requirements.
Non-existent spans are blanked out.
Besides the limit of maximum modification factor for
deflection = 2.0, an additional limit of maximum allowable
area of steel to comply with deflection criteria, Asdef, = 2 x
Asreqd, has been imposed.
Weight!
This sheet estimates the weight of reinforcement in the beam
when designed according to normal curtailment rules as
defined in BS 8110. Workings are shown on the right hand
side of the sheet. The estimate may be printed out using
File/print or the print button on the normal toolbar. It should
be recognised that different engineers and detailers
interpretations of these clauses, and different project
circumstances and requirements will all have a bearing on
actual quantities used.
Analysis!
This sheet shows the moment distributions used in the
analysis of the beam: it is not intended for formal printing.
53
BEAMS
RCC41
Bar!
Intended mainly for first time users and young engineers,
this sheet gives further details of the calculations summarised
in SPAN! Support moments are considered at faces of
supports; checks at span relate to hogging and any top
steel required is provided in the span.
Graf!
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and
ACTIONS!: it is not intended for formal printing.
54
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25.8
0
45.8
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
M(e) odd
M(r) all
M(r) odd
L0
Beam
Upper bound
Lower bound
70% min
70% max
M(r) even
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
8.3
275.4
215.3
164.4
0
211.9
244.9
213.2
192.8
115.1
0
244.9
0
3
0.4
87.03
97.35
22.63
0
57.26
57.26
36.03
68.15
15.84
0
68.15
0
4
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
8.6
208.9
182.9
105.1
0
148.7
210.9
151.4
146.2
73.55
0
210.9
0
3
0.8
5.497
12.53
-4.95
0
-29
-29
10.97
8.768
-3.46
-29
10.97
0
0.8
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.9
8.9
148.5
152.8
51.91
0
91.64
179.2
95.62
106.9
36.34
0
179.2
0
3
1.2
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-61.4
-28.4
0
-104
-104
-9.96
-19.9
-45.6
-104
0
0
4
8
45.8
45.8
8
45.8
45.8
8
50.38
8
25.8
45.8
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
9.2
94.19
125
4.882
0
40.71
149.9
46.02
87.49
3.417
0
149.9
0
3
1.6
-125
-124
-47.7
0
-169
-169
-26.8
-33.4
-87.4
-169
0
0
4
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.5
9.5
46.05
99.51
-36.02
0
-4.086
122.8
2.554
69.66
-25.21
-25.21
122.8
0
3
2
-173.7
-176.6
-62.92
0
-222.6
-222.6
-39.44
-44.05
-123.6
-222.6
0
0
4
14
-57.58
14
0
25.8
8
45.8
45.8
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.8
9.8
4.04
76.35
-70.8
0
-42.8
98.13
-34.8
53.45
-49.5
-49.5
98.13
0
1.8
2.4
-212
-218
-74
0
-265
-265
-48
-51.8
-152
-265
0
0
4
14
50.38
14
0
0
8
45.8
45.8
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1
10.1
-31.8
55.52
-99.4
0
-75.3
75.75
-66
38.87
-69.6
-75.3
75.75
0
3
2.8
-239
-248
-80.9
0
-297
-297
-52.4
-56.7
-174
-297
0
0
4
14
0
0
8
45.8
45.8
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.4
10.4
-61.6
37.01
-122
0
-102
55.68
-91.1
25.91
-85.3
-102
55.68
0
3
3.2
-255
-268
-83.8
0
-318
-318
-52.7
-58.6
-187
-318
0
0
4
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
-14.4
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.7
10.7
-85.2
20.83
-138
0
-122
37.94
-110
14.58
-96.8
-122
37.94
0
3
3.6
-260
-276
-82.4
0
-328
-328
-48.9
-57.7
-193
-328
0
0
4
14
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
11
-103
6.964
-149
0
-136
22.52
-123
4.874
-104
-136
22.52
0
3.6
4
-254
-274
-77
0
-327
-327
-40.9
-53.9
-192
-327
0
0
6
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.3
11.3
-114
-4.58
-153
0
-144
9.421
-130
-3.21
-107
-144
9.421
0
6
4.4
-238
-260
-67.4
0
-315
-315
-28.8
-47.2
-182
-315
0
0
8
14
-14.4
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.6
11.6
-119
-13.8
-151
0
-146
-1.36
-130
-9.66
-105
-146
0
0
6
4.8
-210
-236
-53.7
0
-293
-293
-12.6
-37.6
-165
-293
0
0
8
14
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.9
11.9
-118
-20.7
-142
0
-142
-9.81
-124
-14.5
-99.7
-142
0
0
6
5.2
-172
-201
-35.9
0
-259
-259
7.776
-25.1
-141
-259
7.776
0
8
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.2
12.2
-111
-25.3
-128
0
-131
-15.9
-113
-17.7
-89.8
-131
0
0
6
5.6
-123
-155
-13.9
0
-215
-215
32.25
-9.76
-109
-215
32.25
0
8
14
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.5
12.5
-98.2
-27.5
-108
0
-115
-19.8
-95
-19.3
-75.5
-115
0
0
6
6
-62.6
-98.4
12.14
0
-159
-159
60.86
8.496
-68.9
-159
60.86
0
8
14
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.8
12.8
-78.9
-27.5
-81.3
0
-92.2
-21.2
-71
-19.2
-56.9
-92.2
0
0
6
6.4
8.501
-30.6
42.35
0
-92.9
-92.9
93.59
29.64
-21.4
-92.9
93.59
0
8
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.1
13.1
-53.4
-25.1
-48.6
0
-63.5
-20.4
-40.9
-17.6
-37.4
-63.5
0
0
6
6.8
90.46
48.04
76.69
0
-15.7
-15.7
130.5
63.32
33.62
-15.7
130.5
0
6.8
14
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.4
13.4
-21.9
-20.4
-9.8
0
-28.6
-17.3
-4.65
-6.86
-15.3
-28.6
0
0
5.4
7.2
183.3
137.6
115.2
0
72.35
72.35
171.4
128.3
80.61
0
171.4
0
8
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.7
13.7
15.82
-13.3
35.14
0
12.48
-11.8
37.71
24.6
-9.33
-11.8
37.71
0
6
7.6
287.1
238.1
157.7
0
171.3
171.3
216.6
201
110.4
0
216.6
0
8
14
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
14
59.64
-3.97
86.2
0
59.64
-3.97
86.2
60.34
-2.78
-3.97
86.2
0
6
8
401.7
349.4
204.5
0
281.2
281.2
265.8
281.2
143.1
0
281.2
0
8
14
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36.96
-8.94
59.9
0
35.29
-8.16
61.19
41.93
-6.26
-8.16
61.19
0
311
232.4
196.3
0
245.8
262.8
246.4
217.7
137.4
137.4
262.8
0
0.15
5.85
0.15
at col face
0.15
7.85
143.5
357.5
155.9
306.4
41.97
186.5
0
0
116.7
238.7
116.7
238.7
53.78 246.9
109.1
250.2
29.38 130.5
29.38 130.5
116.7
250.2
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
14
0
0
PL 2
14
0
0
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
M(e) all
Local X
SPAN 2
L0
Beam
Upper bound
Lower bound
70% min
70% max
M(r) even
M(r) odd
M(r) all
Beam
M(e) even
M(e) odd
M(e) all
SPAN 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MOMENT DIAGRAMS
14
0
0
0
8
348.1
0
179.5
193.1
54.34
0
154.5
154.5
65.21
135.2
38.04
0
154.5
0
4
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
0.3
8.3
275.4
0.4
87.03
97.35
22.63
0
57.26
57.26
36.03
68.15
15.84
0
68.15
0
4
Beam
M(e) even
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
348.1
250.1
229.8
0
281.2
281.2
281.2
243.6
160.8
0
281.2
0
3
0
179.5
193.1
54.34
0
154.5
154.5
65.21
135.2
38.04
0
154.5
0
4
8
-72
8
0
25.8
0
45.8
45.8
8
45.8
45.8
8
45.8
45.8
GRAPH DATA I
RCC41
M(e) all
Local X
SPAN 3
L0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
25.8
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
14.39
Beam
Upper bound
Lower bound
70% min
70% max
M(r) even
M(r) odd
M(r) all
Beam
M(e) even
M(e) odd
M(e) all
Local X
SPAN 2
L0
Beam
Upper bound
Lower bound
70% min
70% max
M(r) even
M(r) odd
M(r) all
Beam
M(e) even
M(e) odd
M(e) all
SPAN 1
MOMENT DIAGRAMS
PL 2
L PUDL
PL 1
L UDL
D PUDL
D UDL
SUPPORTS
BEAM
14
0
0
50.38
0
25.8
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
0
45.8
45.8
14
25.8
45.8
8
45.8
45.8
Spreadsheets to BS 8110
D&D: Main beam Grids C to H, from grid 1 to 3
LOADING DIAGRAM
Location
Project
BEAMS
GRAF
61
BEAMS
RCC42
MATDATA!
The first sheet includes all the general and material input
data used in the subsequent sheets. Load combinations and
load factors are defined. The input under Options should
be self-explanatory. The choices have implications on the
design as shown below.
Stressing ends determines where prestressing losses
occur
Prestressing system Specifying unbonded or bonded
changes prestress loss calculations. Prestress losses tend
to be higher with bonded tendons as wobble factors
and coefficients of friction are higher but using several
strands in a single duct can lead to overall economy,
especially in more heavily loaded beams.
Commonly 70% to 75% is taken for initial estimates for
jacking force/final force. This quantity is calculated at
Details!N68:N69 and has to be re-specified in Details!
line 68 to be within 5 % of that calculated.
With respect to allowable flexural tensile stresses in
prestressed beams (and slabs), BS 8110: Part 1, defines
three classes (see Clause 4.3.4.3). These classes
determine the limits of tensile stress. For example see
62
BEAMS
RCC42
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28.00
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63
BEAMS
RCC42
SUMMARY!
The first page (top part of the sheet entitled SUMMARY!)
shows input for the sub-frame analysis, i.e. dimensions and
loads.
Input should be fairly self explanatory. It should be noted
that H is in the plane of the screen and b, bw etc. at right
angles to the plane of the screen. Several warnings are given
under Operating Instructions; conditional formatting of cells
flags incorrect data.
Loads are characteristic and are for the whole bay width
(not expressed as kN/m2 unless a 1 m bay width is being
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RCC42
DETAILS!
Over nine pages, DETAILS! shows detailed calculations
regarding section properties, distribution factors, moment
distribution used for the sub-frame analysis, profiling
constants, pre-stressing losses, balanced loads, ULS moment
and shear checks, and finally vibration.
DEFLECT!
The deflection sheet gives details of calculations dealing with
defections. The sheet entitled Graf! shows graph data
extracted from each sheet.
TYPICALC!
This sheet is intended to illustrate typical calculations for a
particular point in a span in order to show how all the criteria
are satisfied. The sheet illustrates the transfer and service
stress checks and the calculation of Moment of Resistance
carried out in tabular form in Graf! The point chosen is at
span and is highlighted in Graf!
Tendons (a)
Stresses at transfer (b)
Graf!
65
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RCC42
SUMMARY i
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RCC42
SUMMARY ii
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SUMMARY iii
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RCC42
SUMMARY iv
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-4 4 3 . 2
-6 E -0 7
-4 E -0 4
-2 . 4 7 5
3.95
3.95
7 .91
2 4 5 .60
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .2 2 1 6
4. 7 7
4 .7 7
7 .4 1
81 .0
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .1 2 38
-7 . 1 0
-7 . 1 0
-1 1 . 7 4
-3 9 4 . 8
-6 E -0 7
-3 E -0 4
-2 . 4 1
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 33.7 1
2 91 .2 9
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 4 4 .31
2 80.69
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 34 .91
2 90.09
3E +1 0
3.63
3 .63
7 .08
2 1 7 .7 6
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .1 7 5 3
4. 2 2
4 .2 2
6.5 3
62 .9
2 E -0 7
0.0001
0.94 7 9
3.21
3.2 1
6.1 5
1 81 .86
2 E -0 7
0.0001
1 .05 85
3.60
3 .60
5 .5 6
4 3.4
1 E -0 7
9 E -0 5
0.7 04 7
-5 . 5 0
-5 . 5 0
-8 . 9 4
-6 . 3 8
-1 0 . 4 3
-6 . 3 8
-2 3 9 . 9
-3 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-1 . 7 1 4
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 33.7 1
2 91 .2 9
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 4 4 .31
2 80.69
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 34 .91
2 90.09
3E +1 0
-3 2 7 . 1
-5 E -0 7
-3 E -0 4
-2 . 1 6 7
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 33.7 1
2 91 .2 9
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 4 4 .31
2 80.69
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 34 .91
2 90.09
3E +1 0
2.71
2 .7 1
5 .1 4
1 3 7 .89
2 E -0 7
1 E -0 4
0.84 7 8
2.93
2 .93
4 .5 5
2 2 .3
7 E -0 8
4 E -0 5
0.3 69 4
-4. 48
-4 . 4 8
-7 . 3 3
-1 3 3 . 4
-2 E -0 7
-1 E -0 4
-1 . 0 0 2
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 3 1 .64
2 93.36
3E +1 0
2 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 3 6.7
2 88.3
4E +1 0
9450
600
45
62 83
2.1 6
2 .1 6
4 .07
85 .85
1 E -0 7
6 E -0 5
0.5 63 6
2.24
2 .2 4
3.5 1
-0 . 3
-9 E -1 0
-5 E -0 7
-0 . 0 0 5
-3 . 40
-3 . 4 0
-5 . 6 5
-7 . 5
-1 E -0 8
-6 E -0 6
-0 . 0 6
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 3 1 .64
2 93.36
3E +1 0
2 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 3 6.7
2 88.3
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 32 .2 2
2 92 .7 8
3E +1 0
chg
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 32 .2 2
2 92 .7 8
3E +1 0
885 0
600
45
62 83
1 .57
1 .5 7
2 .97
2 5 .7 5
3 E -0 8
2 E -0 5
0.1 7 98
1 .54
1 .5 4
2 .4 8
-2 4 . 4
-8 E -0 8
-5 E -0 5
-0 . 4 5 8
-2 . 3 2
-2 . 3 2
-3 . 9 7
1 37 .8
2 E -0 7
0.0001
1 .1 7 5 4
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 3 1 .64
2 93.36
3E +1 0
2 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 3 6.7
2 88.3
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 32 .2 2
2 92 .7 8
3E +1 0
1 005 0
600
45
62 83
0.97
0.97
1 .86
-4 2 . 4 1
-5 E -0 8
-3 E -0 5
-0 . 2 9 4
0 . 87
0.87
1 .4 7
-5 0 . 0
-2 E -0 7
-9 E -0 5
-0 . 9 3 4
-1 . 3 0
-1 . 3 0
-2 . 3 5
3 02 .4
4 E -0 7
0.0002
2 .5 63 5
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 3 1 .64
2 93.36
3E +1 0
2 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 3 6.7
2 88.3
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 32 .2 2
2 92 .7 8
3E +1 0
1 065 0
5 63
45
62 83
815
8
-3 0 8 . 6
-1 E -0 6
-3 E -0 4
-2 . 8 5 5
0.0006
0
0
4 05 .0
6 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .7 007
-1 E -0 3
0
0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 3 1 .64
2 93.36
3E +1 0
2 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 3 6.7
2 88.3
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 32 .2 2
2 92 .7 8
3E +1 0
0 . 45
-1 0 8 . 6 7 -1 8 1 . 1 0
-1 E -0 7 -2 E -0 7
-7 E -0 5 -6 E -0 5
-0 . 7 3 8
-0 . 6 2 2
0.0009
0.4 5
0
0.90
0
0.33
0.3 3
0.63
-1 2 6 . 2
-4 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-2 . 3 0 9
-0 . 5 4
-0 . 5 4
-1 . 0 7
4 04 .3
6 E -0 7
0.0003
3 .3 5 66
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 3 1 .64
2 93.36
3E +1 0
2 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 3 6.7
2 88.3
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 32 .2 2
2 92 .7 8
3E +1 0
1 1 7 00
2 63
45
62 83
R 68
1 1 1 75
525
45
62 83
Jo b N o
P age
-3 1 . 2 9
-4 E -0 8
-1 E -0 5
-0 . 0 0 1
0.001 2
0
0
3 . 42
3.4 2
9.1 3
1 7 4 .7
6 E -0 7
0.0003
0.5 67 6
-4. 6 1
-4 . 6 1
-1 4 . 0 5
-2 3 9 . 2
-3 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-0 . 4 6 6
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 33.7 1
2 91 .2 9
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
4 E + 08
2 4 4 .31
2 80.69
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 34 .91
2 90.09
3E +1 0
2E +1 0
82 5 0
600
43
4 02 1 .2
R e vis io n
0 1 -S e p -9 9
RCC42
M (S L S 5 -7 )
1 /R
Load
L o a d x d is t
E n d s lo p e
Sp an d
C ant d
d
2.35
1 7 7 .5
6 E -0 7
0.0003
0.3 4 4 1
1 37 .3
5 E -0 7
0.0002
0.1 2 4 2
1 3.0
4 E -0 8
1 E -0 5
0.001 5
0.002 4
0
0
-3 . 43
-3 . 4 3
-1 3 . 4 6
-1 3 2 . 6
-2 E -0 7
-1 E -0 4
-0 . 1 8 9
b d /1 2 =
h f = 2 00
7 65 0
64 5 0
7 05 0
600
600
600
43
43
43
4 02 1 .2 4 02 1 .2 4 02 1 .2
C hecked
R MW
D a te
R E IN F O R C E D C O N C R E T E C O U N C IL
M ade by
D E F L E C T IO N S - IM P O S E D
M (S L S 7 )
1 /R
Load
L o a d x d is t
E n d s lo p e
Sp an d
C ant d
d
-2 . 1 7
-6 . 5
-9 E -0 9
-5 E -0 6
-0 . 0 0 6
7 3.8
1 E -0 7
6 E -0 5
0.02 94
7 7 .4
1 E -0 7
3 E -0 5
0.003 8
-0 . 0 0 2
0
0
D E F L E C T IO N S - L O N G T E R M
M (S L S 3 )
1 /R
Load
L o a d x d is t
E n d s lo p e
Sp an d
C ant d
d
D E F L E C T IO N S a t T R A N S F E R
T R A N F O R M E D S E C T IO N P R O P E
T R A N F O R M E D S E C T IO N P R O P E
1 999 R C C
D E F L E C T IO N C A L C U L A T IO N S
d = 4 80
h = 525
b w = 1 800
b f = 3 000
1 65 0
2250
2 85 0
3450
4 05 0
4 65 0
5250
5 85 0
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
4 02 1
4 02 1
4 02 1
4 02 1 .2 4 02 1 .2 4 02 1 .2 4 02 1 .2 4 02 1 .2
R T IE S a t T R A N S F E R
E = 2 1 .7 2
m = 9.2 1
m - 1 = 8.2 1
1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06
3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 34 .91
2 90.09 2 90.09 2 90.09 2 90.09 2 90.09 2 90.09 2 90.09 2 90.09 2 90.09
3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0
R T IE S - L O N G T E R M
E = 7 .4 1
m = 2 6.9 9
m - 1 = 2 5 .99
1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06
4 E + 08 4 E + 08 4 E + 08 4 E + 08 4 E + 08 4 E + 08 4 E + 08 4 E + 08 4 E + 08
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 4 4 .31
2 80.69 2 80.69 2 80.69 2 80.69 2 80.69 2 80.69 2 80.69 2 80.69 2 80.69
4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0
R T IE S - IM P O S E D
E = 2 7 .5 4
m = 7 .2 6
m - 1 = 6.2 6
1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06
3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 33.7 1
2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9 2 91 .2 9
3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0
A s (b ) = 6 2 8 3
525
1 05 0
525
5 63
43
43
4 02 1
4 02 1
O r ig in a te d f r o m R C C 4 2 . x ls o n C D
T R A N F O R M E D S E C T IO N P R O P E
S P AN 1
D i s ta n c e
E le m e n t b
d'
A s (t)
A d vi s o ry G ro u p
C li e n t
S p re a d s h e e ts to B S 8 1 1 0
P ro je c t
BEAMS
DEFLECT
81
82
L e ve l 2 - B e a m o n G ri d 7
L o c a ti o n
0
275
45
62 83
A
A .Y t
Yt
Yb
Ix x
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
A
A .Y t
Yt
Yb
Ix x
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
-1 . 4 5
-2 8 . 4 8
-0 . 6 1
-2 8 . 9 6
-0 . 6 1
2 .7 4
5 2 .64
1 .2 8
5 3 .61
1 .3
0.0
M (S L S 4 -7 )
1 /R
Load
L o a d x d is t
E n d s lo p e
Sp an d
C ant d
d
0.09
1 1 .1 4
-0 . 0 3
1 1 .5 6
-0 . 0 3
0.09
-2 8 1 . 0
-3 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-0 . 2 2 1
-3 6 7 . 5
-4 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-0 . 1 3 5
-4 6 0 . 7
-6 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-0 . 0 2 1
-2 E -0 4
0
0
2.7
-3 4 . 6
-1 E -0 7
-7 E -0 5
-0 . 0 8 2
-1 2 9 . 7
-5 E -0 7
-3 E -0 4
-0 . 1 4 4
-3 3 2 . 7
-1 E -0 6
-3 E -0 4
-0 . 0 4 6
0.002 1
0
0
D E F L E C T IO N S - IM P O S E D
M (S L S 7 )
1 /R
Load
L o a d x d is t
E n d s lo p e
Sp an d
C ant d
d
-1 . 45
331 .9
5 E -0 7
0.0003
0.3 2 3 8
4 34 .7
7 E -0 7
0.0004
0.1 985
4 35 .9
7 E -0 7
0.0002
0.02 4 9
-1 E -0 3
0
0
D E F L E C T IO N S - L O N G T E R M
M (S L S 2 )
1 /R
Load
L o a d x d is t
E n d s lo p e
Sp an d
C ant d
d
D E F L E C T IO N S a t T R A N S F E R
T R A N F O R M E D S E C T IO N P R O P E
A
A .Y t
Yt
Yb
Ix x
0.36
0.3 6
1 0.7 9
-1 9 1 . 1
-2 E -0 7
-1 E -0 4
-0 . 2 5 1
4. 5
4 .4 6
5 1 .5 8
1 0.3
4 E -0 8
2 E -0 5
0.04 08
-2 . 5 8
-2 . 5 8
-2 8 . 1 1
1 66.7
3 E -0 7
0.0002
0.2 7 1 4
0.72
0.7 2
1 0.5 4
-1 0 9 . 8
-1 E -0 7
-8 E -0 5
-0 . 1 9 7
6.2
6.1 5
5 0.5 0
5 1 .4
2 E -0 7
0.0001
0.2 7 7 2
-3 . 81
-3 . 8 1
-2 7 . 8 4
2 0.2
3 E -0 8
2 E -0 5
0.04 4 8
1 .1 3
1 .1 3
1 0.3 3
-3 7 . 3
-5 E -0 8
-3 E -0 5
-0 . 0 8 5
7.8
7 .7 8
4 9.36
88.7
3 E -0 7
0.0002
0.605 4
-5 . 0 6
-5 . 0 6
-2 7 . 5 8
-1 0 7 . 7
-2 E -0 7
-1 E -0 4
-0 . 3 0 2
1 .55
1 .5 5
1 0.1 5
2 6.4
3 E -0 8
2 E -0 5
0.07 2 4
9.3
9.2 7
4 8.08
1 2 2 .2
4 E -0 7
0.0003
1 .0092
-6 . 2 4
-6 . 2 4
-2 7 . 2 6
-2 1 6 . 9
-3 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-0 . 7 3 7
1 .97
1 .97
9.95
81 .4
1 E -0 7
6 E -0 5
0.2 61 9
1 0.6
1 0.60
4 6.63
1 5 1 .9
6 E -0 7
0.0003
1 .4 7 2
-7 . 2 9
-7 . 2 9
-2 6 . 8 1
-3 0 7 . 5
-5 E -0 7
-3 E -0 4
-1 . 2 2 6
2.35
2 .35
9.7 1
1 2 7 .6
2 E -0 7
1 E -0 4
0.4 7 1 4
1 1 .7
1 1 .7 0
4 4 .96
1 7 7 .7
7 E -0 7
0.0004
1 .97 7 6
-8. 1 6
-8 . 1 6
-2 6 . 1 8
-3 7 9 . 5
-6 E -0 7
-4 E -0 4
-1 . 7 3 7
2.66
2 .66
9.4 1
1 65 .1
2 E -0 7
0.0001
0.6884
1 2.6
1 2 .5 5
4 3 .04
1 99.8
7 E -0 7
0.0005
2 .5 095
-8. 81
-8 . 8 1
-2 5 . 3 3
-4 3 2 . 8
-7 E -0 7
-4 E -0 4
-2 . 2 3 6
2.90
2 .90
9.04
1 93.9
2 E -0 7
0.0001
0.9005
1 3.1
1 3.1 1
4 0.83
2 1 8.0
8 E -0 7
0.0005
3 .05 1 4
-9 . 2 0
-9 . 2 0
-2 4 . 2 2
-4 6 7 . 5
-7 E -0 7
-4 E -0 4
-2 . 6 9 1
3.04
3 .04
8.5 7
2 1 3.9
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .095 1
1 3.4
1 3.36
3 8.3 1
2 32 .5
9 E -0 7
0.0005
3 .5 869
-9 . 3 2
-9 . 3 2
-2 2 . 8 3
-4 8 3 . 5
-7 E -0 7
-5 E -0 4
-3 . 0 6 8
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
3.09
3 .09
8.00
2 2 5 .1
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .2 5 98
1 3.3
1 3.2 8
35 .4 6
2 4 3.1
9 E -0 7
0.0006
4 .0996
-9 . 1 5
-9 . 1 5
-2 1 . 1 6
-4 8 0 . 9
-7 E -0 7
-5 E -0 4
-3 . 3 3 5
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
3.02
3 .02
7 .3 2
2 2 7 .6
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .3 82
1 2.8
1 2 .85
3 2 .2 5
2 4 9.9
9 E -0 7
0.0006
4 .5 7 3 2
2 . 85
2 .85
6.5 3
2 2 1 .3
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .4 4 93
1 2.1
1 2 .06
2 8.69
2 5 3 .0
9 E -0 7
0.0006
4 .991 2
-7 . 9 7
-7 . 9 7
-1 6 . 9 8
-8 . 7 0
-1 9 . 2 1
-8. 7 0
-4 1 9 . 7
-6 E -0 7
-4 E -0 4
-3 . 4 0 6
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
-4 5 9 . 6
-7 E -0 7
-4 E -0 4
-3 . 4 5 8
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
2E +1 0
8600
62 5
45
62 83 .2
2.57
2 .5 7
5 .64
2 06.3
3 E -0 7
0.0002
1 .4 4 92
1 0.9
1 0.91
2 4 .7 7
2 5 2 .2
9 E -0 7
0.0006
5 .3 3 7 3
-7 . 0 0
-7 . 0 0
-1 4 . 5 1
-3 6 1 . 1
-5 E -0 7
-3 E -0 4
-3 . 1 4 3
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
92 2 5
62 5
45
62 83
985 0
62 5
45
62 83
2.20
2 .2 0
4 .65
1 82 .5
2 E -0 7
0.0001
1 .3 69 1
9.4
9.3 9
2 0.4 8
2 4 7 .6
9 E -0 7
0.0006
5 .5 95
-5 . 82
-5 . 8 2
-1 1 . 8 3
-2 8 3 . 9
-4 E -0 7
-3 E -0 4
-2 . 6 3 9
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
chg
1 .73
1 .7 3
3 .5 8
1 5 0.0
2 E -0 7
0.0001
1 .1 9 67
7.5
7 .5 2
1 5 .84
2 3 9.2
9 E -0 7
0.0005
5 .7 4 81
-4. 47
-4 . 4 7
-8 . 9 7
-1 8 8 . 1
-3 E -0 7
-2 E -0 4
-1 . 8 5 9
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
1 04 7 5
62 5
45
62 83
1 .20
1 .2 0
2 .4 3
1 08.8
1 E -0 7
8 E -0 5
0.91 94
5.3
5 .3 1
1 0.85
2 2 7 .0
8 E -0 7
0.0005
5 .7 802
-3 . 0 1
-3 . 0 1
-6 . 0 1
-7 3 . 6
-1 E -0 7
-7 E -0 5
-0 . 7 7 1
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
1 1 1 00
62 5
45
62 83
0 1 -S e p -9 9
D a te
R e vis io n
P age
82
86
0.61
0.61
1 .2 3
5 8.8
7 E -0 8
4 E -0 5
0.5 2 4 6
2.8
2 .7 7
5 .5 4
1 63 .2
6 E -0 7
0.0004
4 .3 894
-1 . 5 0
-1 . 5 0
-3 . 0 0
6.7
1 E -0 8
6 E -0 6
0.07 4 1
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
0.0
1 E -2 1
3 E -1 9
4 E -1 5
0.001
0
0
0.0
0.0
1 E -2 0
4 E -1 8
5 E -1 4
0.004 4
0
0
0.0
7 E -2 1
2 E -1 8
3 E -1 4
-0 . 0 0 2
0
0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7
3E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0
1 E + 06
3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3
3E +1 0
1 2350
31 3
45
62 83
R 68
1 1 725
62 5
45
62 83
Jo b N o
b d /1 2 =
h f = 2 00
7 97 5
67 2 5
7 350
62 5
62 5
62 5
45
45
45
62 83 .2 62 83 .2 62 83 .2
R MW
C hecked
RCC42
T R A N F O R M E D S E C T IO N P R O P E
1 999 R C C
d = 4 84
h = 525
b w = 1 800
b f = 3 000
1 725
2350
2 97 5
3 600
4225
4 85 0
547 5
61 00
62 5
62 5
62 5
62 5
62 5
62 5
62 5
62 5
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
62 83
62 83
62 83
62 83 .2 62 83 .2 62 83 .2 62 83 .2 62 83 .2
R T IE S a t T R A N S F E R
E = 2 1 .7 2
m = 9.2 1
m - 1 = 8.2 1
1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06
3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08
2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7 2 2 5 .7 7
2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3 2 99.2 3
3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0
R T IE S - L O N G T E R M
E = 7 .4 1
m = 2 6.9 9
m - 1 = 2 5 .99
1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06
3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08
2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9 2 1 8.7 9
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
3 06.2 1
4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0 4E +1 0
R T IE S - IM P O S E D
E = 2 7 .5 4
m = 7 .2 6
m - 1 = 6.2 6
1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06 1 E + 06
3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08 3 E + 08
2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63 2 2 6.63
2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7 2 98.3 7
3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0 3E +1 0
A s (b ) = 2 2 6 2
550
1 1 00
550
5 88
45
45
62 83
62 83
O r ig in a te d f r o m R C C 4 2 . x ls o n C D
D E F L E C T I O N C A L C U L A T I O N S (ii)
R E IN F O R C E D C O N C R E T E C O U N C IL
M ade by
T R A N F O R M E D S E C T IO N P R O P E
S P AN 2
D i s ta n c e
E le m e n t b
d'
A s (t)
A d vi s o ry G ro u p
C li e n t
S p re a d s h e e ts to B S 8 1 1 0
P ro je c t
BEAMS
DEFLECT
COLUMNS
RCC51
DESMMNTS!
The basic design procedure is covered in BS 8110: Part 1
Clause 3.8. In order to determine design moments several
inputs are required:
Values of b for braced and unbraced columns, see
Clause 3.8.1.6 and Table 3.19 as shown below and
Table 3.20 as shown on next page
LOADTD!
End condition
at top
1
2
3
3
0.90
0.95
1.00
83
COLUMNS
RCC51
Essentially:
Condition 1 column monolithically connected to
beam at least as deep as the column in the plane
considered (or foundation specifically designed for
moment)
Condition 2 column monolithically connected to
beams or slabs shallower than the column in the plane
considered
Ltdcalcs!
CDES!
As in COLUMN! within RCC11.xls, this sheet designs
symmetrical rectangular columns where both axial load, N,
and design moment, Mx or My (see BS 8110: Part 1, Clause
3.8.2, 3 and 4) have been calculated from previous sheets.
CDES! iterates x/h to determine where the neutral axis lies.
The sheet includes stress and strain diagrams to aid
comprehension of the final design (please refer to notes
regarding COLUMN! in RCC11.xls).
The spreadsheet is set up in such a way that one column size
(input in CDES!) is used throughout the height of the column
location and that the critical section for design occurs where
axial load is at its maximum. Other levels can be investigated
by choosing the appropriate level from the combo-box
located under Operating Instructions. Always ensure that
the size of column designed is correct for the level under
consideration.
For simplicity, where three or more bars are required in the
top and bottom of the section, a (rotationally) symmetrical
arrangement of reinforcement is proffered, i.e. top and
84
Stiffs!
This sheet shows workings for beam and column stiffnesses
and is not necessarily intended for printing out other than
for checking purposes.
In the determination of section properties, beams are
considered full height beam widths are deducted from
slab widths. Moment distribution works according to BS
8110: Part 1, Clause 3.2.1.2.5 beams possess half their
actual stiffness.
COLUMNS
RCC51
LOADTD
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
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85
COLUMNS
RCC51
DESMNTS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
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COLUMNS
? `^YT Rb
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RCC51
CDES
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
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87
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87
COLUMNS
RCC52
MAIN!
Main! contains all input and output data,
Bending is assumed to be about the x - x, i.e. horizontal
axis, and the input moment is assumed to be the maximum
design moment as defined in BS 8110 i.e. including Madd etc
and in the correct orientation.
Where more than two bars are required per face, the user
may choose to specify a similar arrangement of bars on the
side faces in order to avoid confusion in detailing and fixing.
In this respect, there is also a question regarding design. To
an extent all columns are bi-axially bent and BS 8110 directs
that bi-axially bent columns are effectively designed about
one axis only (by adding moment in the critical direction to
account for moment in the non-critical direction). By
implication the second axis is not designed specifically. One
reason for adding side bars (when three, four or more bars
are required T & B) in square(ish) sections, is to ensure that
the second axis is catered for. Ideally with BS 8110, the
resultant axis should be found and calculations done
accordingly. But this presumes that the arrangement of bars
is known to start with. With BS 5400 and CP 110 checks are
carried out on a chosen section about both axes. Bi-axially
bent columns are dealt with in RCC53.xls
88
The chart shows lines for 0.1fcuAc and Mmin. The user should
be aware that all load cases should be within the boundaries
of these lines.
Calcs!
Calcs! Shows the derivation of the charts where moment
capacity is calculated at intervals of neutral axis depth from
n.a. depth for N = 0 to n.a. depth for N = Nbal, then at
intervals from n.a. depth for N = Nbal to n.a. depth for N = Nuz.
Cases!
Cases! identifies the smallest bar diameter that satisfies each
of the load cases.
COLUMNS
? `^ YT Rb
2 [XT ]b
!>PCM I LS' LI OJ
; ^ RP bX^ ]
RCC52
MAIN
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
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89
COLUMNS
RCC53
MAIN!
MAIN! contains all input data and gives designs for the input
load cases.
Guidance for the input is given within the spreadsheet but
users should be familiar with BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.8.
There is a facility to input up to six user-specified load cases.
The input moments under LOADCASES are the initial end
moments due to ultimate design loads as defined in BS 8110
about the appropriate axes. The spreadsheet calculates the
the additional design ultimate moment induced by
deflection of column (Madd,), the critical direction for bi-axial
bending and the design moment.
90
CHARTS!
CHARTS! shows two charts, one chart for when Mxx is critical
and one for when Myy is critical. These Axial load:Moment
interaction charts for the specified section also show relevant
input load cases. The load cases are identified by axial load
only (a quirk of Excel!).
The charts show lines for 0.1 fcuAc and Mmin (i.e. eminN). The
user should be aware that all load cases should be within
the boundaries of these lines. Due to a quirk in Excel, load
cases can any be identified by axial load, N, on the charts.
Cases!
Cases! identifies the smallest bar diameter that satisfies each
of the load cases. Clause 3.8.3.2 is included for both directions
(columns K & L) and the spreadsheet decides which axis is
dominant.
COLUMNS
MAIN
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
? `^ YT Rb
2 [XT ]b
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91
COLUMNS
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RCC53
CHARTS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COUNCIL
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WALLS
RCC61
DATA!
This single sheet consists of the main inputs.
Most inputs, which are in blue and underlined, should be
self-explanatory. The top diagram defines most input
parameters. A simplistic diagram shows the geometry of a
section of the wall and base.
The spreadsheet is based on a number of assumptions, which
should be assessed as being true or erring on the safe side in
each case. These assumptions are:
Wall friction is zero
STABILITY!
STABILITY! calculates the overturning and restoring
moments, sliding and resisting forces on a section together
with ground bearing pressures and factors of safety. Failures
are highlighted.
Factors of safety against overturning and sliding are required
as input. As noted in the sheet, wall and/ or surcharge loads
may have stabilising effects. By using the boxes in column L
the user should toggle between maximum and minimum
values to ascertain worst case(s) (perhaps this will be
automated some time).
In the case of sliding, where sliding resistance of the base
alone is insufficient, the user may choose, outside of the
spreadsheet, to rely on a propping force through the
basement slab.
DESIGN!
93
WALLS
RCC61
WEIGHT!
This sheet shows the build up to the estimate of
reinforcement weight given. The figures should be treated
as approximate estimates only as they cannot deal with the
effects of designers and detailers preferences,
rationalisation, etc.
Diagrams!
Diagrams! shows data for the charts used in other sheets
but is not necessarily intended for printing out other than
for checking purposes.
Crack width!
This sheet shows calculations to determine crack widths in
the wall. It is not necessarily intended for printing out, other
than for checking purposes.
94
WALLS
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WALLS
RCC61
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WALLS
RCC62
DATA!
This single sheet consists of the main inputs. Most inputs,
which are in blue and underlined, should be self-explanatory.
The top diagram defines most input parameters.
99
WALLS
RCC62
DESIGN!
STABILITY!
STABILITY! calculates the overturning and restoring
moments, sliding and resisting forces on a section together
with ground bearing pressures and factors of safety. Failures
are highlighted.
Required Factors of safety against overturning and sliding
are required as input. In some circumstances, some loads
may have stabilising effects. By using the check boxes to
switch loads off and on, worse cases should be investigated
by hand.
For stability calculations, overall factor of safety is used
instead of partial safety factors and fill on the external face
of the wall is ignored.
All loads are assumed to be static loads. Dynamic loads /
vibration are not covered. However, at the discretion of the
designer, dynamic effects may be modelled by factoring up
static loads.
The equation for sliding assumes that passive pressure acts
without movement. The user may consider that the situation
is better modelled by applying a partial safety factor to
passive pressure at cell K39.
100
WEIGHT!
This sheet shows the build up to the estimate of
reinforcement weight given. The figures should be treated
as approximate estimates only as they cannot deal with the
effects of designers and detailers preferences,
rationalisation, etc.
Diagrams!
Diagrams! shows data for the charts used in other sheets
but is not necessarily intended for printing out other than
for checking purposes.
Crack width!
This sheet shows calculations to determine crack widths in
the wall.
This check is included so the spreadsheet can also be used
for design of water-retaining structures to BS 8007. For
example a water tank may be looked at by setting Hw within
DATA! to the water level of the tank, switching soil
properties to 0 and crack width, at DATA!F31, to 0.3 mm.
The crack width check to BS 8007 is the same as that to BS
8110.
WALLS
? `^ YT Rb
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RCC62
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STAIRS
RCC71
FLIGHT!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. Inputs
are in blue and underlined and most should be selfexplanatory.
Only simply supported spans are catered for. If flights are
continuous with floors, the user should specify continuity
steel over supports as appropriate. Calculations are done
per metre width of flight. Input loads are assumed to be
characteristic and acting vertically. They should account for
any undercuts. Self-weight, moments and reactions are
calculated automatically. The area of steel required, Asreq,
may be automatically increased to increase modification
factors and satisfy deflection criteria. Where the stair flight
occupies more than 60% of the span an increase in allowable
span to depth ratios of 15% is included in accordance with
Clause 3.10.2.2. Nominal top reinforcement may be specified
in order to help overcome deflection problems. Dimensions
are not checked for compliance with Building Regulations.
Ultimate, characteristic dead and characteristic imposed
reactions are given below the indicative diagram.
LANDING!
Again, this single sheet consists of the input and main output.
Input defauls in magenta have been derived from FLIGHT!
but may be overwritten. Calculations are done per metre
width of landing.
Inputs are underlined and most should be self-explanatory.
As defaults, which can be overwritten, the material data
and characteristic flight reactions carry over from FLIGHT!
Self-weight, moments and reactions are calculated
automatically. The maximum width of landing over which
flight loads can be dispersed has been restricted to 1.8 m in
the spirit of Clause 3.10.1.3. Reactions are ultimate, both
total and per metre run. The area of steel required, As, can
be automatically increased to satisfy deflection criteria.
Dias!
Dias! calculates the reinforcement sizes and reinforcement
percentages for deflection modification factors used in
FLIGHT! and LANDING!
105
STAIRS
RCC71
FLIGHT
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107
STAIRS
RCC72
STAIRCORE!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. Inputs
are in blue and underlined and most should be selfexplanatory. Dimensions are not checked for compliance
with Building Regulations. Simple supports are assumed.
Calculations are done per metre width of flight and landing.
Input loads are assumed to be characteristic and acting
vertically. They should account for any undercuts. All stairs
are assumed to start from flight 1. Superfluous flights and
landings are blanked out. Self-weight, moments and
reactions are calculated automatically. Where the stair flight
occupies more than 60% of the span an increase in allowable
span to depth ratios of 15% is included in accordance with
Clause 3.10.2.2 and, as with other spreadsheets, the area of
steel required may be automatically increased to satisfy
deflection criteria. Ultimate reactions per metre are given.
Dias!
Dias! calculates the reinforcement sizes and reinforcement
percentages for deflection modification factors used in
STAIRCORE!
108
STAIRS
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111
FOUNDATIONS
RCC81
SINGLE!
Suggestions are made, under the Operating Instructions
column, for the optimum plan size of the base.
Where two centres are given, e.g. 14 T16 @ 200 & 325 B2,
the reinforcement is subject to BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.11.3.2
and different centres are required, bars need to be grouped
closer in the central part of the base.
Det1!
This sheet shows workings and is not necessarily intended
for printing out other than for checking purposes.
Allowable bearing pressure is taken as an allowable increase
in bearing pressure and density of concrete density of
excavated material (i.e. soil) is used in the calculations. The
program assumes that pads are embedded to depth H in
the soil. A 25% over-stress is allowed where load cases
include wind loads.
Design moments are generally those at the face of the
column. Both sides of the column are checked for moment
in each direction to ensure maxima are identified. Shear
enhancement is allowed for both beam and punching shear.
Neither crack widths, factors of safety against sliding, nor
water tables are catered for. Where resultant eccentricities
are outside the base a warning message is given; the general
status message is updated as well. Factors of safety against
112
DOUBLE!
In addition to graphs showing plan layout and efficiency,
this sheet gives moment diagrams for the two principal axes.
Design moments are taken at the edge of both column
sections
Suggestions are made, under the Operating Instructions
column, for the optimum plan size of the base and
eccentricities given the column offsets from one another.
The users attention is drawn to the fact that the analysis is
done in two orthogonal directions. When column
eccentricities are large in both directions the analysis may
not account adequately for local effects (e.g. bottom
cantilever moments on two sides of each column loads in
opposite corners gives bottom moments of 0 kNm). In such
cases, it may be better to change the orientation of the base
in such a way that eccentricity in one direction is minimal.
Warnings about double eccentricities are given when the
distances between column centrelines exceed 15% of the
relevant base dimension in each orthogonal direction.
Comparison with FE analysis suggests this is reasonable so
long as the base is thick and rigid.
Det2!
This sheet shows workings and is not necessarily intended
for printing out other than for checking purposes.
The notes for Det! above also apply.
Legends!
This sheet shows dimensions, axes, corners and notation
used.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs for both SINGLE! and
DOUBLE!
FOUNDATIONS
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TABULAR
RCC91
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. In
itself it should prove adequate for the design of the simplest
one-way solid slab designs. A nominal 1 m wide strip of slab
is considered.
Inputs are underlined and most should be self-explanatory.
End support condition determines the factors applied for
bending. Simple charts show the spans, loads and indicative
bending moments. The factors from Table 3.12 give rise to a
single load case that has been subject to 20% redistribution:
a bending moment envelope is inappropriate and the
diagram is therefore indicative only. The factors used are
given in the table below.
Weight!
Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in a slab. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined
in Clause 3.12 are used to determine lengths of bars. The
figures should be treated as approximate estimates only as
they cannot deal with the effects of designers and detailers
preferences, rationalisation, the effects of holes etc, etc. It
excludes supporting beams, trimming to holes etc. To the
right of the sheet are calculations of length, etc.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used in MAIN! It is not
necessarily intended for printing out other than for checking
purposes.
End
supports
End
spans
First int
supports
Interior
spans
Interior
supports
Bending
Simple support
Continous support
1 span
0.00
0.125
2 span
0.00
0.086
0.100
3 span etc
0.00
0.075
0.086
0.063
1 span
0.040
0.105
2 span
0.040
0.066
0.100
3 span etc
0.040
0.075
0.086
0.063
(0.063)
~
~
(0.063)
Shear
1 span
0.50
2 span
0.46
0.60
~
~
3 span ect
0.46
0.60
0.50
115
TABULAR
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RCC92
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. In
itself it should prove adequate for the simplest ribbed slab
designs. Inputs are underlined and most should be selfexplanatory.
The option to have top steel in spans or not has bearings on
whether shear links can be accommodated and on deflection
calculations. The option to have links, minimal (or nominal)
links or no links is a matter of choice for the designer. Most
contractors prefer to prefabricate reinforcement for ribbed
slabs on the ground or off-site: this means at least nominal
links and nominal top steel are usually required.
DETAILS!
DETAILS! gives two pages of detailed calculations and
references to BS 8110 justifying the output in MAIN! This
sheet is intended as an explanation for the less experienced
engineers and may prove useful for checking purposes.
Shear
End
supports
End
spans
First int
supports
Interior
spans
Interior
supports
1 span
0.040
0.125
2 span
0.040
0.086
0.100
3 span etc
0.040
0.075
0.086
0.063
(0.063)
1 span
0.50
2 span
0.46
0.60
3 span etc
0.46
0.60
0.50
117
TABULAR
RCC92
Weight!
Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in a slab. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined
in Clause 3.12 are used to determine lengths of bars. The
figures should be treated as approximate estimates only as
they cannot deal with the effects of designers and detailers
preferences, rationalisation, the effects of holes etc, etc. To
the right of the sheet are calculations of length etc.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used in MAIN!
118
TABULAR
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Weight!
Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in a slab. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined
in Clause 3.12 are used to determine lengths of bars. The
figures should be treated as approximate estimates only as
they cannot deal with the effects of designers and detailers
preferences, rationalisation, the effects of holes etc, etc.
Additional link carrier bars are not included
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. In
itself it should prove adequate for the simplest flat slab
designs.
Most inputs should be self-explanatory. A location plan helps
with definition of dimensions. The number of spans is altered
by changing the number of grid line inputs: deleting the
end grid line name will decrease the number of spans. A
combo-box is used to switch between the continuous and
simply supported end support/slab connection factors. Note
the effect on column transfer moments. Edge distance, C, is
actually from centreline of column to edge of slab.
Double penult means penultimate in both directions, i.e.
internal column of corner bay.
Please note that the bending moment diagrams are
indicative only. The factors from Table 3.12 give rise to a
single load case that has been subject to 20% redistribution:
a bending moment envelope is therefore inappropriate.
DETAILS!
DETAILS! gives detailed calculations and references to BS
8110 justifying the output in MAIN! This sheet is intended
as explanation for the less experienced engineers and may
prove useful for checking purposes.
122
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TABULAR
RCC94
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the input and main output. In
itself it should prove adequate for the design of restrained
two-way slabs. Inputs are underlined and most should be
self-explanatory.
Self-weight, moment and shear factors are calculated
automatically. The use of the factors is also governed by
Clause 3.5.3.5 (similar loads on adjacent spans, similar spans
adjacent). Where the relevant conditions are not met, users
are directed towards Clause 3.5.3.6 or alternative methods
of analysis (e.g. sub-frame analysis). Whilst ultimate reactions
to beams are given, shear per se is not checked as it is very
rarely critical.
The dimension ly must be greater than lx: bays where lx > ly
are invalid. It is recognised that B1 can be parallel to ly and
the user should specify in which layers the top and bottom
reinforcement are located (see D33 and H33). In line 32 the
user is asked to specify the diameter of reinforcement to be
used. This reinforcement should be provided at the required
centres in accordance with Clause 3.5.3.5 (1) to (6). (Middle
strips and column strips, torsion reinforcement at corners
where an edge or edges is/are discontinuous.) The
spreadsheet highlights whether additional reinforcement for
torsion is required or not. As noted under Deflection, the
area of steel required, Asreq, may be automatically increased
in order to reduce service stress, fs, and increase modification
factors to satisfy deflection criteria.
An approximate reinforcement density is given. This is
approximate only and excludes supporting beams, trimming
to holes, etc.
Weight!
Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of reinforcement
required in a slab. Simplified curtailment rules, as defined
in Clause 3.12, are used to determine lengths of bars. The
figures should be treated as approximate estimates only as
they cannot deal with the effects of designers and detailers
preferences, rationalisation, the effects of holes, etc, etc. To
the right of the sheet are calculations of length, etc.
Support widths are required as input as they affect
curtailments and lengths.
129
TABULAR
RCC94
MAIN
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RCC95
MAIN!
The input requirements are self-explanatory. Answering Y
to Support in alt layer will incur additional cover to top bars
at supports (of the same size as those being designed at
that location) to allow for beams in the other direction. Users
should ensure effective depths, d, are correct (see
DETAIL!D15, etc.).
The choice between rectangular, L or T beam is made via a
combo-box to the right hand side.
When considering span reinforcement, the spreadsheet will,
where necessary, automatically increase reinforcement in
order to lower service stresses and enhance allowable span
to depth ratios. The diagrams for loading and for bending
moment are indicative only (the moment factors in Table
3.5 do not give rise to a moment envelope).
The example is taken from Designed and detailed (15).
DETAIL!
For first time users and young engineers, further detail of
the calculations undertaken is given on the sheet named
DETAIL!, pages 2 and 3 of the print-out.
Weight!
This sheet estimates the weight of reinforcement in the beam
when designed according to normal curtailment rules as
defined in BS 8110. The estimate is repeated at the bottom
of MAIN!. Workings are shown on the right hand side of
the sheet. The estimate may be printed out using File/print
or the print button on the normal toolbar.
It should be recognised that different engineers and
detailers interpretations of these clauses, different project
circumstances and requirements will all have a bearing on
actual quantities of reinforcement used.
Graf!
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and is not
intended for formal printing.
131
TABULAR
RCC95
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EUROCODE 2
SPREADSHEETS TO EC2
Eurocode 2
At the time of writing (November 1999), we are advised
that the base document, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete
structures, Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings, DD
ENV 1992-1-1: 1992(3) is due for revision into an EN in the
near future. The spreadsheets presented here are in
accordance with this document but development of other
spreadsheets has not perhaps been as extensive as first
envisaged. Nonetheless, the spreadsheets presented here
cover all the fundamental elements of in-situ concrete and
should give users a good understanding of the current ENV
and provide the basis for an understanding of the final EN
document.
It is hoped that the production of spreadsheets to the final
version of EC2 will occur at some later date.
Eurocode 2, Design of
concrete structures, has
not been widely adopted Relationship between cylinder and cube strengths
by UK industry. The
Property
Strength class
process of converting to
C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/40 C40/50 C45/50 C50/60
a new design Code of
Practice is slow and
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
fck (cylinder)
expensive, and EC2 will be
adopted only when there
25
30
37
40
50
50
60
fcu (cube)
is commercial advantage
29
30.5
32
33.5
35
36
37
Ecm
in doing so. Mainland
Europeans, in contrast,
seem more enthusiastic, and there is a danger of the UK
Frame analysis
becoming isolated and uncompetitive in Europe. While
There are slightly differences in the partial safety factors
several books on the subject have been published, there are
for loads. ENV 1992 uses factors of 1.35 for dead loads and
very few design aids. The availability of these spreadsheet
1.5 for imposed loads. Corresponding values in BS 8110 are
files will help address this need.
1.4 and 1.6.
These spreadsheets have called for some interpretation of
the ENV. The provision for boxed values and the National
Application Document mean that many factors hidden away
in the BS 8110 versions are documented on a separate sheet
allowing later amendment.
General layout
DD ENV 1992-1-1(3): Part 1 is broadly comparable to BS 8110:
Parts 1 and 2. EC2 comprises principles and rules of
application. Principles are general statements, definitions,
other requirements, and analytical models for which no
alternative is permitted. The rules of application are
generally recognised rules that follow the principles and
satisfy their requirements.
Section analysis
The spreadsheets take a pragmatic approach to the design
of sections to ENV 1992. Thus a simplified rectangular stress
block, Figure 4.4, is used (and particularly in the case of
columns, not the more complicated consideration of strains
in Figure 4.11).
Lever arm, z is restricted to 0.95 x effective depth. This limit
is derived from BS 8110 and avoids dangers associated with
theoretically over-shallow neutral axis depths.
135
EUROCODE 2
Shear
Applied shear force (Vsd) is compared with three values for
the resistance (VRd).
VRd1 represents the shear capacity of concrete alone; VRd2 is
the shear resistance determined by the capacity of the
notional concrete struts; and VRd3 is the capacity of a section
with shear reinforcement.
Deformation
The ENV 1992 span depth/ratio check is similar to that in
BS 8110. For each type of member, it provides two values,
one for highly stressed members and another for lightly
stressed members. In this context, members with less than
0.5% reinforcement are considered lightly stressed members,
and members with 1.5% reinforcement are considered highly
stressed. More rigorous approaches may be used if required.
Detailing
Formulae for calculating basic lap lengths are similar to those
in BS 8110, but ENV 1992 uses marginally lower bond stress.
Familiarisation: outline
description
The layout and workings of the spreadsheets to EC2 are in
line with those in the previous section, Spreadsheets to
BS 8110. Descriptions of the spreadsheets to EC2 are given
in the following pages. The Introduction (page 2), and
General notes (page 3) are common to the use of all
spreadsheets in this publication.
136
ELEMENTS
RCCe11
SLAB!
This sheet designs a section of solid slab in a single simply
supported span, in a continuous end or internal span, at
supports or as a cantilever. Workings and references to clause
numbers are given to the right hand side of the sheet.
Input should be self-explanatory. Terminology may differ
from the BS 8110 version: for instance the term d is the
redistribution factor (i.e. 1 redistribution percentage/100).
Concrete cylinder strength, fck, is changed using the combobox to the right hand side.
In spans, the location of the section being designed has a
bearing on deflection limitations, and the appropriate
location should be chosen from the combo-box to the right
hand side. Similarly, the user should choose from the list of
usage (dwelling, office/store, parking etc.), which governs
the proportion of imposed load affecting long-term
deflection. EC2 requires the input of the relationship
between dead and imposed loading. This is done at cells G9
and G10. When appropriate the sheet will automatically
increase amounts of reinforcement in order to lower service
stresses and enhance allowable span-to-depth ratios.
The example is taken from Worked examples for the design
of concrete buildings(25) (to EC2) which itself is based on the
1985 version of Designed and detailed. Discrepancies in
numbers may be ascribed to differences in fck and differences
between tabular and calculated values of x/d.
RECT~BEAM!
This sheet designs a rectangular beam in a single simply
supported span, in a continuous end or internal span, at
supports or as a cantilever. These choices have a bearing on
deflection limitations and the user should choose the
appropriate location from the combo-box to the right hand
side. The user should similarly choose from the list of usage
(dwelling, office/store, parking, etc.), which governs the
proportion of imposed load affecting long-term deflection.
This sheet will, where necessary, automatically increase
reinforcement in order to lower service stresses and enhance
TEE~BEAM!
This sheet designs a rectangular beam in a single simply
supported span, in a continuous end or internal span, at
supports or as a cantilever. These choices have a bearing on
deflection limitations and the user should choose the
appropriate location from the combo-box to the right hand
side. Choosing between end and interior spans alters
maximum allowable flange width. The user should similarly
choose from the list of usage (dwelling, office/store, parking)
which governs the proportion of imposed load affecting
long-term deflection. This sheet will, where necessary,
automatically increase reinforcement in order to lower
service stresses and enhance allowable span-to-depth ratios.
Again, input of the relationship between dead and imposed
loading is required in cells D12 and D13. The user may also
choose between a T beam and an inverted L beam.
The example is taken from Worked examples for the design
of concrete Buildings (to EC2) which itself is based on the
1985 version of Designed and detailed .
SHEAR!
This sheet designs beams for shear.
Input is (we hope) self-explanatory. The value of shear force,
Vsd, used can, provided there is diagonal compression and
continuity of tension reinforcement for at least 2.5 d from
the face of support, be evaluated at d from the face of
support (see Clause 4.3.2.2(10)). The UDL is the relevant
ultimate uniformly distributed load.
The sheet designs the links required at the section
considered. If the beam loading is considered to be uniformly
distributed, the ultimate UDL, n, can be entered under n to
give the distance for which this arrangement is required
before reverting to nominal link arrangement.
COLUMN!
This spreadsheet designs symmetrically reinforced
rectangular columns bent about one axis where both axial
load, N, and maximum design moment, Mx, are known. It is
based on EC2 Figure 4.4 and Clause 4.2.1.3(12). It iterates x/
h to determine where the neutral axis lies. The sheet includes
stress and strain diagrams to aid comprehension of the final
137
ELEMENTS
RCCe11
BOX!
This sheet is for reference only. It lists those values specific
for the UK use of EC2, and gives their descriptions.
138
ELEMENTS
RCCe11
SLAB
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ANALYSIS
RCCe21
MAIN!
This single sheet consists of the main inputs.
Most inputs should be self-explanatory. In cell D9 etc,
segment refers to the length of the section measured
from the left-hand support. If this is less than the span
length, the cell below will show the remainder of the span
as a second segment. The dimension of the flange width,
bf, is automated to be either bw + 0.07 x span for L beams
or bw + 0.14 x span for T beams.
Graf!
This sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets,
particularly in ACTIONS! It is not necessarily intended for
printing out other than for checking purposes
Segs!
This sheet calculates non-prismatic Fixed End Moments used
in other sheets notably in Analysis!. Separately, for each load
type and for unit load, it calculates the simply supported
bending moments at 1/20 points then numerically integrates
the Area Moment diagram to find the Fixed End Moments.
This sheet is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
ACTIONS!
This sheet shows bending moment and shear force
diagrams from the analysis undertaken in Analysis! The
user is required to input desired amount of redistribution
to the initial moments in line 27. Cell L14 allows three
types of distribution according to the users preferences.
The sheet also provides elastic and redistributed ultimate
shears and column moments according to the various load
cases.
Analysis!
This sheet details the moment distribution analysis carried
out but is not necessarily intended for printing out other
than for checking purposes.
145
ANALYSIS
RCCe21
MAIN
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147
BEAMS
RCCe41
Weight!
MAIN!
This sheet contains user input of materials, frame geometry
and load data, for up to six spans. Users should note that
with values of concrete strength of fck > 35 N/mm2 (equivalent
to fcu > 45 N/mm2), limiting values of x/d and consequently
m lim (limiting applied moment ratio) are affected
dramatically.
The example is taken from Worked examples for the design
of concrete buildings(25) (to EC2) which itself is based on the
1985 version of Designed and detailed. In order to reflect
the latter publication, the spreadsheet has been set up with
the beams being considered as rectangular in both the
analysis and design.
Users should note that the maximum permitted flange
widths are calculated from points of contraflexure on the
BM diagrams, and may therefore change with modifications
in loading.
ACTIONS!
ACTIONS! includes bending moment and shear force
diagrams, summaries of moments and shears and user input
for amounts of redistribution. Users should ensure that the
amounts of redistribution are always considered, as there
are no default values.
SPANS!
This sheet designs reinforcement for bending in spans and
supports and for shear in the spans. User input is required
for reinforcement sizes. The size used at a right support is
carried through to the left support of the next span. However
different numbers of bars may be designed, as support
moments (including cantilever moments) are considered at
the face of the support (see Bar!). Non-existent spans are
greyed out.
The reinforcement areas required for ultimate span moments
can be automatically increased in order to enhance span-todepth ratios. EC2 Clause 4.4.3.2P(4), appears to give the
unlimited possibility to reduce service stress and increase
span-to-depth ratios, but the spreadsheet does not allow
any increase in span-to-depth ratios greater than 100%. The
effectiveness of increasing the area of reinforcement
depends on the extent of cracking. The effect is marginal if
148
Analysis!
This sheet shows the moment distributions used in the
analysis of the beam: it is not intended for formal printing.
Bar!
For first time users and young engineers, further detail of
the calculations undertaken and EC2 references are given.
Moments at span points are used to determine the top
reinforcement in spans. A print-out of this sheet is
reproduced.
Graf!
This sheet provides data for the charts in MAIN! and
ACTIONS!: it is not intended for formal printing.
Box!
Many values used in EC2 are subject to national ratification.
This is signified by them appearing within boxes in the main
document. These box values are defined in the National
Application Document (part of DD ENV 1992-1-1 1992)(3) and
those used within the spreadsheet are presented within Box!
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153
SUPPORTING FOLDERS
The main folders Admin, ByOthers and UserGuid, are
provided in order to help the user. The folder hierarchy,
together with sub-folders and the spreadsheet files, is shown
in the screen dump below.
TheFonts
This folder contains the font files:
Tekton~i.ttf
Tekton~n.ttf
Admin
Under the Admin folder will be found several folders and
files associated with the use of the spreadsheets.
154
Marker.ttf
These fonts have been included in order to give users access
to the fonts intended for the spreadsheets.
These condensed fonts were used in the spreadsheets in
order to emulate a designers handwriting and to allow an
adequate amount of information to be shown across the
page and in each cell. As described under Fonts in Using the
spreadsheets for the first time (see page 11), unless the
appropriate fonts and default font size have been installed,
the appearance on screen will be different from the
publication and from that intended. Column width and cell
overlap problems may occur unless the correct fonts and
default font size are installed.
To the best of our knowledge these fonts are copyright-free.
SUPPORTING FOLDERS
Printreg.xls
Studrail
To load the program to your hard disk, use the setup file
Byothers/ Brc/ Studrail/ Setup.exe a folder will be created in
the directory of your choice. To run the program use
Windows Explorer and successively double click Studrail/
Studrail.exe or select the icon Studrail in the program menu.
CBuck
ByOthers
The BCA and RCC disclaim any responsibility for programs
by others. These programs and files are provided to help
dissemination. They are subject to the authors conditions
of use.
BRC
This suite of programs is provided by BRC Concrete
Connections, for use in the design of their proprietary lifting
anchors, anchors for sandwich panels and Studrail (a
punching shear system ). The anchor and sandwich panel
software was authored by DEHA Ankersysteme, Germany.
The Studrail files are joint BRC/DEHA Ankersysteme software.
The programs are provided as freeware (i.e. free software).
For further information please contact: BRC Concrete
Connections, Mansfield, Tel: 01623 440472, Fax: 01623 559758,
email: GaryNice@concrete-connections.co.uk. www.brcuk.co.uk
Anchors
The program DHT-2E suggests positions and types of anchors
for lifting various precast concrete products - slabs, walls,
pipes etc. With a graphical interface and output the program
should prove easy to use. Some text is in German.
To load the program to your hard disk, use the setup file/
Byothers/ Brc/ Anchors/ Setup.exe. Files will be saved under
a folder deha/ on your hard disk drive. To run the program
use Windows Explorer and successively double click deha/
dht20e/ DHT-2E.
Sandwich
This program indicates the anchor positions needed to
support the outer facing layer of a concrete sandwich wall
panel and designs the fixing anchors to suit. The graphical
program outputs design calculations and drawings showing
the type and position of the fixings required. Start by using
Defaults and work through Facing layer to Design.
Techno
Pile Loads991112-.xlt is a spreadsheet template to determine
distribution of load in piles beneath rigid rafts or pile caps.
Loads induced in n-piles beneath m-sided polygon subjected
to moments Mxx, Myy and p-number of vertical loads can
be calculated.
Co-ordinates from an origin at a convenient point describe
the position of each pile node and load. Using the specified
thickness and density of the raft or pile cap, the self-weight
of the m-sided polygon is calculated by the template itself
and included in the analysis.
In order to use this template (see Excel documentation),
please copy the file to:
C:\Program Files\ Microsoft Office\ Template
To use the program, start Excel 97 and choose:
File/ New and Select PileLoads991112-.xlt
With care, the file may also be used as if it were a normal
.xls file.
155
SUPPORTING FOLDERS
UserGuid
UserGuid.doc: Word file of User Guide
This file formed the basis of the printed User Guide. It may
be loaded, read and printed out by using Word 97 or
subsequent releases. While it has been superceded by thr
.pdf file, it is included to provide help to allow parts of the
document to be printed or for use as a basis for comment.
UserGuid.pdf: Adobe Acrobat file of the User
Guide
This file presents the User Guide in full colour. Adobe
Acrobat Reader v 3.0 or later will be required to read and
interrogate the .pdf file. Acrobat Reader is available on the
CD-ROM (see above). The file has been included to provide
help and to allow colour printing of parts of the document.
156
SUPPORTING FOLDERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
from
Date
re
1 of 1
RCC
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
17
35
26-Nov-99
36
To
E
Dear User,
K
M
Nature of business
No of employees
Phone
Fax
E-mail
Address
eg HP Laserjet II
eg Consulting Engineers
eg 12
eg 01344 762676
eg 01344 761214
eg ngneer@home.co.uk
Address 1
Address 2
Town
County
(If not UK, Country &) Postcode
A B See
N G Neer & Partners
many thanks
11-Nov-99
C H Goodchild
Arial
Tekton
Tekton
Marker
Automatic
8.0a
eg 12
eg Arial
#ABCabcq5678
Make cheques payable to 'BCA' . Send together with a copy of this printout to
RCC, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6YS
Registration includes acceptance of the 'Conditions of Use' as defined in the User Guide Spreadsheets for concrete
design to BS 8110 and EC2
Test
Please check one of the boxes above and complete the information below by overwriting blue text as far as you are able. Please do not change
anything else. In the case of 1 or 2 above, compare with printed version in accompanying User Guide and in the case of difficulty print and fax a copy.
In the case of 3, registration, please print out and send this completed form with your remittance.
Your name
Your computer
Monitor
Company
Printer
(=50.00 + VAT)
If registering, remittance
eg 58.75
enclosed.
157
References
1
158
SYMBOLS
Please note that definitions relating to retaining and
basement walls and many of those relating to post-tensioned
design are contained within the relevant spreadsheets.
Abbreviation
Unit
(B or S)
(L, R, B)
Explanation
Beam or slab (re PT)
Stressing ends left, right and bottom
(re PT)
Prestressing system bonded or
unbonded (re PT)
(B, U)
~
~~~ or
~~~~~
m
Ac
acr
mm
Ap
As
As
As min
As prov
As reqd
Asv
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
bf
B, Btm
be
mm
mm
bv
bw
beam
char
Cl
mm
mm
Breadth of section
Average web width of a flanged
CO
Comp
d
d
mm
dc
mm
Def
Dia
E/O
Ec28
Characteristic (load)
Centreline (of support)
mm
mm
Eci
e
emin
kN
Ep
fci
fck
fcu
FEM
fs
fsc
fst
fy
Gk
gk
h, H
hc
mm
hf
hf
K
mm
mm
K
K
fyv
L
L/d
lx
Lx
ly
MOR
159
SYMBOLS
M(r)
kNm
even
Moment, kNm
M
kNm
Madd
Mmin
Mres
Ms
msx
kNm
VRd1
kN
VRd1
kN
VSd
kN
kNm
Mx
N
n
kNm
kN
kN/m
bb
mm
Neutral axis
Not applicable
Number
Bar diameter, maximum bar diameter
e
gm
gc
kN
Overall
Perimeter
Point load
Post tensioned (concrete)
Characteristic imposed load
Characteristic imposed load per unit area
Grade 250 reinforcement, mild steel
Relative Humidity (re PT)
Relaxation (re PT)
gs
o/a
Perim
PL
PT
Qk
qk
R
R/H
Rel%
kN
s
SLS
sv
T
mm
Tens
UDL
ULS
ult
%
%
mm
uno
V
v
vc
vc
Veff
vsx
Mt
n. a.
n/a
No
f
160
Y/N
z
a
gm
r
sc
sic
sit
st
tRd
Y2
kN
kN
mm
mm
Coefficient of friction
mlim
CI/Sfb
UDC
624.04
R M Webster
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