ch6 Ans

Name
Class
Date
Additional Vocabulary Support
6-1
Roots and Radical Expressions
Complete the vocabulary chart by filling in the missing information.

Word or
Word Phrase
Denition
Example
nth root
Given the equation an 5 b, a is the

nth root of b.
1. 34 5 81; 3 is the 4th root

of 81.
radicand
2. The number under the radical

sign.
The radicand in the expression

3
!
64 is 64.
index
The number that gives the degree

of the root.
3. The index in the
cube root
The third root of a number.
4. The cube root of 8 is 2.
principal root
5. The positive root when a

number has both a positive
and a negative root.
The principal square root of

4 is 2.
expression !32 is 5.
Choose the word or phrase from the list that best completes each sentence.
cube root
6. The
nth root
radicand
radicand
index
principal root
is the number under the radical sign in a radical
expression.
7. The
cube root
of 27 is 3.
8. Given the equation an 5 b, a is the

9. In a radical expression, the
nth root
index
of b.
indicates the degree of
the root.
10. When a number has both a positive and a negative root, the positive root is
considered the
principal root
Prentice Hall Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Copyright by Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Name
6-1
Class
Date
Think About a Plan

Boat Building Boat builders share an old rule of thumb for sailboats. The
maximum speed K in knots is 1.35 times the square root of the length L in feet
of the boats waterline.
a. A customer is planning to order a sailboat with a maximum speed
of 12 knots. How long should the waterline be?
b. How much longer would the waterline have to be to achieve a maximum
speed of 15 knots?
1. Write an equation to relate the maximum speed K in knots to the length L
in feet of a boats waterline. K 5 1.35!L
2. How can you find the length of a sailboats waterline if you know its maximum
speed?
Substitute the maximum speed for K and solve the resulting equation for L
3. A customer is planning to order a sailboat with a maximum speed of 12 knots.

How long should the waterline be? about 79 ft
4. How can you find how much longer the waterline would have to be to achieve
a maximum speed of 15 knots, compared to a maximum speed of 12 knots?

Subtract the waterline length needed for a 12-knot maximum speed from the
waterline length needed for a 15-knot maximum speed
5. If a customer wants a sailboat with a maximum speed of 15 knots, how long

should the waterline be? about 123 ft
6. How much longer would the waterline have to be to achieve a maximum

speed of 15 knots? about 44 ft

Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-1
Form G
Find all the real square roots of each number.

1. 400 220, 20
2. 2196 no real
3. 10,000 2100, 100
square roots
4. 0.0625 20.25, 0.25
Find all the real cube roots of each number.

5. 216 6
6. 2343 27
1000
8. 27 10
3
7. 20.064 20.4
Find all the real fourth roots of each number.

9. 281 no real
fourth roots
12. 625 25, 5
10. 256 24, 4
11. 0.0001 20.1, 0.1
14. 2!25 25
15. !20.01 not a real 16. !0.001 0.1

number
Find each real root.

13. !144 12
4
17. !0.0081 0.3
18. !27 3
19. !227 23
20. !0.09 0.3
Simplify each radical expression. Use absolute value symbols when needed.
21. "81x4 9x2
22. "121y10 11 y5
23. " 8g6 2g2
24. " 125x9 5x3
25. " 243x5y15 3xy3
26. " (x 2 9)3
27. "25(x 1 2)4 5(x 1 2)2
3
3 64x9
28. %343 4x7
29. !20.008
31. "36x2y6 6xy3
4
32. " (m 2 n)4 m 2 n
4 x4
30. % 81
x
3
x29
20.2
33. A cube has volume V 5 s3 , where s is the length of a side. Find the side length
for a cube with volume 8000 cm3. 20 cm
34. The temperature T in degrees Celsius (8C) of a liquid t minutes after heating is
given by the formula T 5 8 !t . When is the temperature 488C? 36 min
Prentice Hall Gold Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Name
6-1
Class
Date
Practice (continued)
Form G
Find the two real solutions of each equation.

35. x2 5 4 22, 2
36. x4 5 81 23, 3
37. x2 5 0.16 20.4, 0.4
4 4
16
38. x2 5 49 27, 7
2 2
16
39. x4 5 625 25, 5
121 11 11
40. x2 5 625 225, 25
41. x2 5 0.000009 20.003, 0.003
42. x4 5 0.0001 20.1, 0.1
43. The number of new customers n that visit a dry cleaning shop in one year
is directly related to the amount a (in dollars) spent on advertising. This

relationship is represented by n3 5 13,824a. To attract 480 new customers,
how much should the owners spend on advertising during the year? $8000
44. Geometry The volume V of a sphere with radius r is given by the formula
V 5 43 pr3 .
a. What is the radius of a sphere with volume 36p cubic inches? 3 in.
b. If the volume increases by a factor of 8, what is the new radius? 6 in.
45. A clothing manufacturer finds the number of defective blouses d is a function
of the total number of blouses n produced at her factory. This function is

d 5 0.000005n2 .
a. What is the total number of blouses produced if 45 are defective? 3000
b. If the number of defective blouses increases by a factor of 9, how does the
total number of blouses change? It has tripled.
46. The velocity of a falling object can be found using the formula v2 5 64h,
where v is the velocity (in feet per second) and h is the distance the object has
already fallen.
a. What is the velocity of the object after a 10-foot fall? about 25.30 ft/sec
b. How much does the velocity increase if the object falls 20 feet
rather than 10 feet? about 10.48 ft/sec

Name
6-1
Class
Date
Practice
Form K
Find all the real square roots of each number.

1. 625
625
2. 21.44
no real roots
16
3. 81
6 49
Find all the real cube roots of each number.

1
5. 64
4. 2216
26
6. 0.027
0.3
1
4
Find all the real fourth roots of each number.

7. 0.2401
60.7
8. 1
61
9. 21296
no real fourth roots
Find each real root. To start, find a number whose square, cube, or fourth is
equal to the radicand.
4
10. !400
12. !2729
29
11. 2!256
24
5 "(20)2 20
To start, write the factors of the radicand as perfect squares, cubes, or fourths.
3
13. "25x6
5 "(5)2(x3)2 5x 3
14. " 343x9y12

7x 3y 4
15. " 16x16y20

2x 4y 5
Prentice Hall Foundations Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Name
6-1
Class
Date
Form K
4
16. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V 5 3 pr3 . Solving for r, the radius of
3 3V
a sphere is r 5 4p . If the volume of a sphere is 20 ft3, what is the radius of the
sphere to the nearest hundredth? 1.68 ft

17. x4 5 81
63
2401
19. x4 5 625
w 75
18. x2 5 144
6 12
20. Writing Explain how you know whether or not to include the absolute value
symbol on your root.

If the index is odd, then you do not use the absolute value symbol on your root. If the
index is even, then you need the absolute value symbol on those variable terms with an
odd power.
3
21. Arrange the numbers !264, 2!264, !64, and !64, in order from least to
3
3
6
, !64,
2 !264 , !64
greatest. !264
22. Open-Ended Write a radical that has no real values.

Answers may vary. Sample: any even index radical with a negative radicand
23. Reasoning There are no real nth roots of a number b. What can you conclude
about the index n and the number b?

The index n is even and the number b is negative.

Name
Class
6-1
Date
Standardized Test Prep

Multiple Choice
For Exercises 16, choose the correct letter.
1. What is the real square root of 0.0064? B
0.4
0.04
0.08
no real square root
2. What is the real cube root of 264? G
28
24
no real cube root
16
3. What is the real fourth root of 281 ? D
2
3
249
223
no real fourth root

3
4. What is the value of !20.027? F
20.3
0.3
20.03
0.03
5. What is the simplified form of the expression "4x2y4 ? B
2xy2
2 u x uy2
4xy2
2 u xy u
6. What are the real solutions of the equation x4 5 81? H
29, 9
23, 3
23
Short Response
7. The volume V of a cube with side length s is V 5 s3. A cubical storage bin has
volume 5832 cubic inches. What is the length of the side of the cube? Show
your work.
3
[2] V 5 s3, 5832 5 s3, s 5 !5832 5 18; 18 in.

[1] incorrect side length OR no work shown
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given

Name
Class
6-1
Date
Enrichment
Rounding Roots and Radicals

Computers treat radicals such as !2 as if they were rounded to a preassigned
number of decimal places. Most computers round numbers according to an
algorithm that uses the largest integer less than or equal to a given number. This
function is called the greatest integer function and is written as y 5 fxg.
As you can see, the graph of the greatest integer function is not continuous. The
open circles indicate that the endpoint is not included as part of the graph.
The command INT in most popular spreadsheet programs serves the same purpose as the
greatest integer function. For instance, INT(3.84) 5 3; INT(21.99) 5 22; INT(7) 5 7.
To round a number x to r decimal places, a computer performs the following procedure:
y
Step 1
Multiply x by 10r.
Step 2
Add 0.5 to the result.
Step 3
Find INT of the result.
Step 4
Multiply the result by 102r.
2
x
2
Fill in the table below to see how this procedure works.

x
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
11.4825
11482.5
11483
11483
11.483
132.718
13271.8
13272.3
13272
132.72
34.999
349.99
350.49
350
35.0
A computer that rounds numbers after each operation may introduce rounding errors
into calculations. To see the effects of rounding errors, perform each of the following
computations for x 5 2 and different r values. First find the given root and write the answer
to r 1 1 digits after the decimal. Carry out the four steps to get the answer and then raise the
result to the given power. Write the answer again to r 1 1 digits after the decimal and carry
out the four steps to get the final answer.
2
Q !x R
Q !x R
2.000001
2.000000
1.999
2.000
2.0
2.2

Name
Class
6-1
Date
Reteaching
For any real numbers a and b and any positive integer n, if a raised to the nth
power equals b, then a is an nth root of b. Use the radical sign to write a root. The
following expressions are equivalent:
index
power
an 5 b
radicand
n
!b
!
b5a
radical sign
Problem
What are the real-number roots of each radical expression?

3
a. !343
b.
4 1
625
Because (7)3 5 343, 7 is a third (cube) root of 343.

3
Therefore, !343
5 7.
(Notice that (27)3 5 2343, so 27 is not a cube root of 343.)
1
1
1
Because Q 15 R 4 5 625
and Q 215 R 4 5 625
, both 15 and 215 are real-number fourth roots of 625
.
c. !20.064
Because (20.4)3 5 20.064,20.4 is a cube root of 20.064 and is, in fact, the only one.
3
So, !20.064
5 20.4.
d. !225
Because (5)2 5 (25)2 5 25, neither 5 nor 25 are second (square) roots of 225. There are
no real-number square roots of 225.
Exercises
Find the real-number roots of each radical expression.
3
1. !169 213, 13
4.
7.
2. !729 9
218 212
5.
4
225
no real sq root
8. !0.1296 20.6, 0.6
10. !20.0001
no real 4th root
3. !0.0016 20.2, 0.2
121
2 2
211
, 11
11.
5 1 1
243 3
6.
3 125 5
216 6
9. !20.343 20.7
12.
3 8
125

2
5
Name
Class
6-1
Date
Reteaching (continued)
n
You cannot assume that "an 5 a. For example, "(26)2 5 !36 5 6, not 26.
This leads to the following property for any real number a:
n
If n is odd
"an 5 a
If n is even
"an 5 u a u
Problem
What is the simplified form of each radical expression?

3
a. " 1000x3y9
3
3
"
1000x3y9 5 "
103x3(y3)3
Write each factor as a cube.
3
5"
(10xy3)3
Write as the cube of a product.
5 10xy3
Simplify.
256g
b. 4 4 16
h k
256g8
h4k16
44(g2)4
h4(k4)4
Write each factor as a power of 4.
2 4
4g
5 4 a 4b
hk
5
4g2
u hu k4
Write as the fourth power of a quotient.

Simplify.
The absolute value symbols are needed to ensure the root is positive when
h is negative. Note that 4g2 and k4 are never negative.
Exercises
3
13. "36x2 6x
16.
"x20
"y8
14. " 216y3 6y

(x 1 3)3
17. 3
(x 2 4)6
x10
y4
27z3
19. 3
(z 1 12)6
(y 2 4)8
22. 4
(z 1 9)4
3z
(z 1 12)2
(y 2 4)2
z 1 9
15.
x 1 3
(x 2 4)2
4
20. " 2401x12 7x3
6 6
a b
23. 3 3
c
a 2b 2
c
1
100x2
5
18. " x10y15z5 x2y3z
1331
21. 3
x3
11
x
3
24. " 2x3y6 2xy2

10
1
10x
Name
Class
Date
6-2
Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions
Combining Radicals: Products

n
If !a and !b are real numbers, then !a ? !b 5 !ab.

Sample
3
3
3
3
!8 ? !27 5 !8 ? 27 5 !216 5 6
Solve.
3
1. !16 ? !4 5
!16 ? 4 5 !64 5 4
2. Which of the following products can be simplified? Circle the correct answer.
3
!
12 ? !6
4
4
!
16 ? !
24
4
3
!
35 ? !
10
3. Write the radical expression !32x 4 in simplest form.
3
2x !4x
4. Which of the following products cannot be simplified? Circle the correct answer.
4
4
!
15 ? !
4
4
3
!
10 ? !
5
!4 ? !12
5. "4x2y3 ? "27x2y2 5
6x2y2"3y
Combining Radicals: Quotients

n
If !a and !b are real numbers and b 2 0, then

Sample
!8
5
!2
8
2
!a
a
5 nb .
n
!b
5 !4 5 2
Solve.
6. Which of the following quotients can be simplified? Circle the correct answer.
3
!12
!6
3
!4
!20
3
!15
"3
"64x4
l4xl
in simplest form.
"4x2
8. Rewriting an expression so that there are no radicals in any denominator and no
rationalizing the denominator
denominators in any radical is called
.
7. Write the radical expression

11
Name
6-2
Class
Date
Think About a Plan

Satellites The circular velocity v, in miles per hour of a satellite orbiting Earth is
12
given by the formula v 5 1.24 3r 10 , where r is the distance in miles from

the satellite to the center of the Earth. How much greater is the velocity of a
satellite orbiting at an altitude of 100 mi than the velocity of a satellite orbiting at
an altitude of 200 mi? (The radius of the Earth is 3950 mi.)
Know
mi .
1. The first satellite orbits at an altitude of 100
mi .
2. The second satellite orbits at an altitude of 200
mi .
3. The distance from the surface of the Earth to its center is 3950
Need
4. To solve the problem I need to find:
the difference in the velocities of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 100 mi
and one orbiting at an altitude of 200 mi
Plan
5. Rewrite the formula for the circular velocity of a satellite using a for the
altitude of the satellite. v 5 1.24 3 1012

a 1 3950
6. Use your formula to find the velocity of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 100 mi.
about 17,498 mi/h
7. Use your formula to find the velocity of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 200 mi.
about 17,286 mi/h
8. How much greater is the velocity of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 100 mi
than one orbiting at an altitude of 200 mi? about 212 mi/h

12
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-2
Form G
Multiply, if possible. Then simplify.

1. !4 ? !25 10
3
4. " 45 ? " 75 15
2. !81 ? !36 54
3. !3 ? !27 9
5. !18 ? !50 30
6. !216 ? !4 24
Simplify. Assume that all variables are positive.

7. "36x3 6x !x
3
3
8. " 125y2z4 5z"y2z
10. " 216a12 22a4 !2

3
3
13. " 216x4y3 6xy "x
9. "18k6 3k3"2
4
11. "x2y10z xy5"z
12. " 256s7t12 4st3 "s3
14. "75r3 5r"3r
4
4
15. " 625u5v8 5uv2 !u
Multiply and simplify. Assume that all variables are positive.

3
16. !4 ? !6 2 "6
2
17. "9x2 ? "9y5 9xy !y
3
3
2
2
18. " 50x2z5 ? " 15y3z 5yz "6x
19. 4 !2x ? 3 !8x 48x
20. !xy ? !4xy 2xy
21. 9 !2 ? 3 !y 27 !2y
22. "12x2y ? " 3xy4
23. "29x2y4 ? " 12xy
24. 7"3y2 ? 2"6x3y
42xy"2xy
23xy "4y2
6xy2"xy
Divide and simplify. Assume that all variables are positive.

25.
"75
5
"3
26.
28.
"6x
"2
"3x
29.
"(2x)2
2x
31.
"(5y)4 25y2
"63xy3
"7y
3y !x
"4x2 3
"4x
3
"x
3
3
"18y2 "
12y
32. 3
2
"12y
27.
"54x5y3 3xy !3x

"2x2y
3
4 243k 3
30.
7
3k
162a
33. 3
6a

13
3"3
a
Name
Class
6-2
Date
Form G
Rationalize the denominator of each expression. Assume that all variables are positive.
34.
!y
"5y
!5
35.
37.
9x 3"2x
2
2
38.
"18x2y
"2y3
41.
"4x2
!xy "3y
!3x 3
!2x 4
"54x3
40. 4
"3x2 3x
"7xy2
36. 3
3x
y
3 2 2
3 x2 "
9x y
39.
3y
3y
x "2xy
8y
"14x2y2
2x
3 3a
42.
2
"6abc2
4b c
2bc
4y
43. What is the area of a rectangle with length !175 in. and width !63 in.? 105 in.2
44. The area of a rectangle is 30 m2. If the length is !75 m, what is the width? 2"3 m
1
45. The volume of a right circular cone is V 5 3pr2h, where r is the radius of the base and h
is the height of the cone. Solve the formula for r. Rationalize the denominator. r 5 "3hV
h
4
46. The volume of a sphere of radius r isV 5 3pr3 .
3
3
"62V
a. Use the formula to find r in terms of V. Rationalize the denominator. r 5 "3V; r 5 2
4
b. Use your answer to part (a) to find the radius of a sphere with volume
100 cubic inches. Round to the nearest hundredth. 2.88 in.
Simplify each expression. Rationalize all denominators. Assume that all

variables are positive.
47. !14 ? !21 7"6
50.
6 !2x 2"6x
5
5 !3
48. !150 ? !20 10 "3
8
3
4 "4x
2
x
"2x
51. 3
49. !3 Q !12 2 !6 R 6 2 3"2

3
5 !xy4 3 2
52. 3
"5y
"25xy2

14
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-2
Form K
Multiply, if possible. Then simplify. To start, identify the index of each radical.
3
1. !4 ? !6
index of both radicals is 3
2. !5 ? !8
2 !10
3. !6 ? !9
The indexes are different,
so you cannot multiply.
3
!4 ? 6 2 !3
3
Simplify. Assume all variables are positive. To start, change the radicand to
factors with the necessary exponent.
3
4. " 27x6
3 3
5"
3 ? (x2)3 3x 2
5. "48x3y4
4xy 2 !3x
6. " 128x2y25
5
2y 5 "4x 2
Multiply and simplify. Assume all variables are positive.

4
8. " 7x6 ? " 32x2
7. !12 ? !3 6
9. 2" 6x4y ? 3" 9x5y2
3
18x 3y !2
2x 2 !14
Simplify each expression. Assume all variables are positive.

3
3
10. !4 ? !80 4 !5
11. 5"2xy6 ? 2"2x3y

20x 2y 3 !y
12. !5 Q !5 1 !15 R
5 1 5 !3
13. Error Analysis Your classmate simplified "5x3 ? " 5xy2 to 5x2y. What mistake
did she make? What is the correct answer? She thought the indexes were the same.
They are different, so you cannot multiply the radicands.
3
3
14. A square rug has sides measuring !
16 ft by !
16 ft. What is the area of the rug?
3
2
4 !4 ft

15
Name
Class
6-2
Date
Form K
Divide and simplify. Assume all variables are positive. To start, write the
quotient of roots as a root of a quotient.
15.
"36x6
"9x4
16.
"405x8y2
4
"5x3y2
17.
6
5 36x4 2x
"25x4
3
3x !x
9x
"75x7y2
x "3y 2
Rationalize the denominator of each quotient. Assume all variables are positive.
To start, multiply the numerator and denominator by the appropriate radical
expression to eliminate the radical.
3
"7x4y
!26
!
x
18.
19. 3
!2
!3
20.
!26 !3 !78
?
!3 !3 3
!5xy
x !35x
5
!4x
2
21. Einsteins famous formula E 5 mc2 relates energy E, mass m, and the speed of
light c. Solve the formula for c. Rationalize the denominator.

!Em
E
c 5 m
;c5 m
22. The formula h 5 16t2 is used to measure the time t it takes for an object to free fall from
height h. If an object falls from a height of h 5 18a5 ft, how long did it take for the object
2
to fall in terms of a? 3a !2a seconds
4

16
Name
Class
6-2
Date

Multiple Choice
For Exercises 15, choose the correct letter. Assume that all variables are
positive.
3
3
1. What is the simplest form of !
249x ? "
7x2 ?
7x !7x
27x
7x
3 2
27"
x
4"5x7y6
4x3y3 !5x
3
15xy!
y
5xy !15x
5x !x
2y
5x2y
2
2. What is the simplest form of "80x7y6 ? I
2x3y3 !20x
4x6y6"5x3
3
3. What is the simplest form of " 25xy2 ? " 15x2 ? A

3
5x"
3y2
3
5x !
3y
4. What is the simplest form of
5"3x4
2"3y2
"75x5
? G
"12xy2
5x2
2y
3
2"x2y
5. What is the simplest form of 3
? C
"4xy2
3
"x2y
2y
"2xy2
y
x !2y
y
!2y
xy
Short Response
6. The volume V of a wooden beam is V 5 ls2, where l is the length of the beam
and s is the length of one side of its square cross section. If the volume of the
beam is 1200 in.3 and its length is 96 in., what is the side length? Show your
work.
[2] V 5 ls2; s 5 Vl 5 1200
96 5 !12.5 N 3.5 in.
[1] appropriate methods but with computational errors OR correct answer without
work shown

17
Name
6-2
Class
Date
Enrichment
n
To simplify the radical !a, you look for a perfect nth power among the factors of
the radicand a. When this factor is not obvious, it is helpful to factor the number
into primes. Prime numbers are important in many aspects of mathematics.
Several mathematicians throughout history have unsuccessfully tried to find a
pattern that would generate the nth prime number. Other mathematicians have
offered conjectures about primes that remain unresolved.
1. Goldbachs Conjecture states that every even number n . 2 can be written as
the sum of two primes. For example, 4 5 2 1 2 and 10 5 3 1 7. Choose three

even numbers larger than 50 and write them as a sum of two primes.
Answers may vary. Sample: 52 5 47 1 5.
2. The Odd Goldbachs Conjecture states that every odd number n . 5 can be
written as the sum of three primes. For example, 7 5 2 1 2 1 3. Choose three

odd numbers larger than 50 and write them as the sum of three primes.
Answers may vary. Sample: 51 5 37 1 11 1 3.
3. Another interesting pattern emerges when you examine a subset of the prime
numbers. Make a list of the primes less than 50.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
4. Make this list smaller by eliminating 2 and all primes that are 1 less than a
multiple of 4.
5, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41
5. The remaining primes in the list above are related in an interesting way. You
can write each prime as the sum of two squares. Express each of these primes
as a sum of two squares.
5 5 1 1 4, 13 5 4 1 9, 17 5 1 1 16, 29 5 4 1 25, 37 5 1 1 36, 41 5 16 1 25
6. A Cullen number, named after an Irish mathematician James Cullen, is a
natural number of the form n 3 2n 1 1. Determine the first four Cullen

numbers. That is, let n 5 1, 2, 3, 4.
3, 9, 25, 65
7. What is the smallest Cullen number that is a prime number? (The next Cullen
number that is a prime occurs when n 5 141!)

3 when n 5 1
8. A palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and backward. For
example, 121 is a palindromic number. List the seven palindromic primes that
are less than 140.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131

18
Name
Class
6-2
Date
Reteaching
You can simplify a radical if the radicand has a factor that is a perfect nth power
and n is the index of the radical. For example:
n
!xynz 5 y !xz
Problem
What is the simplest form of each product?

3
3
a. !
12 ? !
10
n
n
n
Use !a ? !b 5 !ab.
3
3
3
!
12 ? !
10 5 !
12 ? 10
3
5 "22 ? 3 ? 2 ? 5
Write as a product of factors.
3 3
5"
2 ?3?5
Find perfect third powers.
3
3
5 "23 ? "3 ? 5
n
Use !ab
5 !a ? !b.
3
5 2!
15
Use "an 5 a to simplify.
b. "7xy3 ? "21xy2
n
n
n
Use !a
? !b
5 !ab.
"7xy3 ? "21xy2 5 "7xy3 ? 21xy2

5 "7xy2y ? 3 ? 7xy2
Write as a product of factors.
5 "72x2(y2)2 ? 3y
Find perfect second powers.
5 7xy2"3y
Use !an 5 a to simplify.
Exercises
Simplify each product.
3
1. !15x ? !35x 5x"21
2. " 50y2 ? " 20y 10y
4. 5"7x3y ? "28y2
5. 2" 9x5y2 ? " 2x2y5
70xy"xy
3
2x2y2 !18xy
6. !3 Q !12 2 !21 R
6 2 3"7

19
3. " 36x2y5 ? " 26x2y 26xy2 !x
Name
Class
Date
6-2
Rationalizing the denominator means that you are rewriting the expression so
that no radicals appear in the denominator and there are no fractions inside the
radical.
Problem
What is the simplest form of
!9y
!2x
Rationalize the denominator and simplify. Assume that all variables are positive.
!9y
!2x
9y
2x
Rewrite as a square root of a fraction.
9y ? 2x
2x ? 2x
Make the denominator a perfect square.
18xy
4x2
Simplify.
!18xy
Write the denominator as a product of perfect squares.
"22 ? x2
"18xy
2x
Simplify the denominator.
"32 ? 2 ? x ? y
2x
Simplify the numerator.
3"2xy
2x
Use !an 5 a to simplify.
Exercises
Rationalize the denominator of each expression. Assume that all variables
are positive.
3
"6ab2
8. 3
"2a4b
!5 "5x
7.
x
!x
3
11.
4"k9
3
16"k5
k "k
4
12.
4
"9y "
9x3y
9. 4
x
"x
"3b
a
"10
13. 4
"z2
3x5 x2"15xy
5y
5y
"10z2
z
10.
3
19a2b "
19ac2
14. 3
4
c2
abc

20
"10xy3 "30xy
6
"12y2
Name
6-3
Class
Date

Binomial Radical Expressions
The column on the left shows the steps used to rationalize a denominator. Use
the column on the left to answer each question in the column on the right.
Problem
1. What does it mean to rationalize a
Rationalizing the
Denominator
Write the expression
4 !3
!7 1 !3
denominator?
Sample answer: It means to write
with a
an expression so that there are no
rationalized denominator.
radicals in any denominators and no

denominators in any radicals.
Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the
conjugate of the denominator.
4 !3
!7 2 !3
?
!7 1 !3 !7 2 !3
2. What are conjugates?

Conjugates are expressions that differ
only in the signs of the rst or second
terms.
The radicals in the denominator cancel out.

4 !3A !7 2 !3B
723
3. Write and solve an equation to show
why the radicals in the denominator

cancel out.
(!7 1 !3)(!7 2 !3) 5
(!7 ? !7) 2 (!7 ? !3) 1
(!7 ? !3) 2 (!3 ? !3) 5 7 2 3
Distribute !3 in the numerator.

4( !3 ? !7 2 !3 ? !3)
723
4. What property allows you to distribute
Simplify.
4( !21 2 3)
4
5. Why do the fours in the numerator
the !3?
The Distributive Property
and the denominator cancel out?

Sample answer: Because 4 divided by
4 equals 1.
6. What number multiplied by !21
Simplify.
!21 2 3
would produce a product of 21?

!21

21
Name
Class
6-3
Date
Think About a Plan

Geometry Show that the right triangle with legs of length !2 2 1 and !2 1 1 is
similar to the right triangle with legs of length 6 2 !32 and 2.
Understanding the Problem
1. What is the length of the shortest leg of the first triangle? Explain.
!2 2 1 ; because !2 5 !2, !2 2 1 must be less than !2 1 1
2. What is the length of the shortest leg of the second triangle? Explain.
6 2 !32; because !32 is between 5 and 6, 6 2 !32 must be between 0 and 1,
which is less than 2.
3. Which legs in the two triangles are corresponding legs?

The smaller leg in the rst triangle corresponds to the smaller leg in the second
triangle. The larger leg in the rst triangle corresponds to the larger leg in the
second triangle.
Planning the Solution

4. Write a proportion that can be used to show that the two triangles are similar. !2 2 1 0 6 2 !32
!2 1 1
Getting an Answer
5. Simplify your proportion to show that the two triangles are similar.
!2 2 1
!2 1 1
0 6 2 2!32
2(!2 2 1) 0 (!2 1 1)(6 2 !32)

2 !2 2 2 0 6 !2 2 !64 1 6 2 !32
2 !2 2 2 0 6 !2 2 8 1 6 2 4 !2
2 !2 2 2 5 2 !2 2 2

22
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-3
Form G
Add or subtract if possible.

1. 9 !3 1 2 !3
2. 5 !2 1 2 !3
11 !3
5 !2 1 2 !3
3 !7 2 7 !x
6. 5 !xy 1 !xy
3
6 !xy
9. 7 !x 1 x !7
4. 14 !xy 2 3 !xy
3
11 !xy
5. 8 !x 1 2 !y
3
3
8 !x 1 2 !y
7. !3x 2 2 !3x
8. 6 !2 2 5 !2
3
6 !2 2 5 !2
2!3x
3. 3 !7 2 7!x
7 !x 1 x !7
Simplify.
10. 3 !32 1 2 !50
22 !2
4
13. 2 !48 1 3 !243

4
13 !3
12. !81 2 3 !3
0
14. 3 !75 1 2 !12

19 !3
15. !250 2 !54
16. !28 2 !63

2!7
11. !200 2 !72

4 !2
2 !2
17. 3 !32 2 2 !162

0
18. !125 2 2 !20

!5
20. A1 1 4 !10B A2 2 !10B
21. A1 2 3 !7B A4 2 3 !7B
Multiply.
19. A1 2 !5B A2 2 !5B
238 1 7"10
7 2 3 !5
22. (4 2 2 !3)2
23. (!2 1 !7)2
24. A2 !3 2 3 !2B 2
9 1 2 !14
30 2 12 !6
28 2 16 !3
25. A4 2 !3B A2 1 !3B
5 1 2 !3
67 2 15 !7
26. A3 1 !11B A4 2 !11B

1 1 !11
27. A3 !2 2 2 !3B 2
30 2 12 !6
Multiply each pair of conjugates.

28. (3 !2 2 9)(3 !2 1 9)
263
29. (1 2 !7)(1 1 !7)

26
30. (5 !3 1 !2)(5 !3 2 !2)

73
31. (3 !2 2 2 !3)(3 !2 1 2 !3)

6
32. (!11 1 5)(!11 2 5)

214
33. (2 !7 1 3 !3)(2 !7 2 3 !3)

1

23
Name
Class
6-3
Date
Form G
Rationalize each denominator. Simplify the answer.

34.
3 2 !10 !5 2 2 !2
3
!5 2 !2
35.
2 1 !14 !2
!7 1 !2
36.
2 1 !x
3
!x
x 1 2 "x2
x
Simplify. Assume that all the variables are positive.

37. !28 1 4 !63 2 2 !7 12 !7
38. 6 !40 2 2 !90 2 3 !160 26 !10
39. 3 !12 1 7 !75 2 !54 41 !3 2 3 !6
3
3
40. 4 !81 1 2 !72 2 3 !24 6 !3
1 4 !9
41. 3 !225x 1 5 !144x 105 !x
42. 6"45y2 1 4"20y2 26y !5
43. A3 !y 2 !5B A2 !y 1 5 !5B

6y 1 13 !5y 2 25
44. A !x 2 !3B A !x 1 !3B
x23
300 ft
300 V3 ft
600 ft
sidewalk
45. A park in the shape of a triangle has a sidewalk dividing it into two parts.
300 V6 ft
300 V3 ft
a. If a man walks around the perimeter of the park, how far will he walk?
(900 1 300 !3 1 300 !6) ft or about 2154 ft
b. What is the area of the park?
270,000 1 90,000 !3
2
ft2 or about 212,942 ft2
46. The area of a rectangle is 10 in.2. The length is A2 1 !2B in. What is the width?
5(2 2 !2) in.
47. One solution to the equation x2 1 2x 2 2 5 0 is 21 1 !3. To show this,
let x 5 21 1 !3 and answer each of the following questions.
a. What is x2? 4 2 2 !3
b. What is 2x? 22 1 2 !3
c. Using your answers to parts (a) and (b), what is the sum x2 1 2x 2 2? 0

24
Name
6-3
Class
Date
Practice
Form K
Simplify if possible. To start, determine if the expressions contain like radicals.

3
1. 3 !5 1 4 !5
both radicals 7 !5
2. 8 !4 2 6 !4
3
2 !4
3. 2 !xy 1 2 !y
no; cannot simplify
4. A floor tile is made up of smaller squares. Each square measures 3 in.

on each side. Find the perimeter of the floor tile. 24 !2 in.
Simplify. To start, factor each radicand.

4
5. !18 1 !32
6. !324 2 !2500
4
22 !4 or 22 !2
5 !9 ? 2 1 !16 ? 2 7 !2
7. !192 1 !24
3
6 !3
Multiply.
8. A3 2 !6B A2 2 !6B
12 2 5 !6
9. A5 1 !5B A1 2 !5B
24 !5
10. A4 1 !7B 2
23 1 8"7
Multiply each pair of conjugates.

11. A7 2 !2B A7 1 !2B
47
12. A1 1 3 !3B A1 2 3 !3B

226
13. A6 1 4 !7B A6 2 4 !7B

276

25
Name
Class
6-3
Date
Form K
Rationalize each denominator. Simplify the answer.

14.
3
2 1 !6
15.
2 2 !6
3
?
2 1 !6 2 2 !6
7 1 !5
6 2 !5
16.
47 1 13 !5
31
1 2 2 !10
4 1 !10
4 2 32 !10
23 1 32 !6
17. A section of mosaic tile wall has the design shown at the
right. The design is made up of equilateral triangles. Each side of

the large triangle is 4 in. and each side of a small triangle is 2 in.
Find the total area of the design to the nearest tenth of an inch.
A N 17.3 in.2

18. !45 2 !80 1 !245
6 !5
19. A2 2 !98B A3 1 !18B

236 2 15 !2
21. Error Analysis A classmate simplified the

1
using the steps shown.
expression
1 2 !2
What mistake did your classmate make?
20. 6"192xy2 1 4"3xy2

52y !3x
1 2 !2
1
?
1 2 !2 1 2 !2
1 2 !2
5 122 5
1 2 !2
5 21 1 !2
21
What is the correct answer?

The student multiplied the denominator by
itself instead of by its conjugate; 21 2 !2
22. Writing Explain the first step in simplifying !405 1 !80 2 !5.
First, factor each radicand so you can combine like radicals.

26
Name
Class
6-3
Date

Multiple Choice
1. What is the simplest form of 2!72 2 3 !32? D
2 !72 2 3 !32
24 !2
22 !2
2. What is the simplest form of A2 2 !7B A1 1 2 !7B? F
212 1 3 !7
16 1 5 !7
212 2 3 !7
3 1 !7
3. What is the simplest form of A !2 1 !7B A !2 2 !7B? C
9 1 2 !14
9 2 2 !14
4. What is the simplest form of
214 1 7 !5
25
7
? F
2 1 !5
214 2 7 !5
14 1 7 !5
14 2 7 !5
3
5. What is the simplest form of 8!5 2 !40 2 2 !135? D

3
16 !
5
3
12 !
5
3
4!
5
Short Response
6. A hiker drops a rock from the rim of the Grand Canyon. The distance it falls d
in feet after t seconds is given by the function d 5 16t2 . How far has the rock
fallen after (3 1 !2) seconds? Show your work.
[2] d 5 16t2 5 16(3 1 !2)2 5 16(11 1 6 !2) 5 176 1 96 !2 ft
[1] appropriate method but with computational errors

27
Name
Class
6-3
Date
Enrichment
Consider how you might use a calculator to find the square of negative three.
If you enter the expression 232, your calculator produces an answer of 29.
However, the square of negative three is (23)2 5 (23)(23) 5 9. Calculators
follow the order of operations. Therefore, a calculator will compute 232 as the
opposite of 32. The correct input is (23)2 , which is correctly evaluated as 9. Be sure
to follow the order of operations when expanding binomial radical expressions.
1. Consider the algebraic expression (a 1 b)2 . Is (a 1 b)2 equivalent to a2 1 b2 ?
If yes, explain. If not, explain why it is not mathematically logical and give a
counterexample.
Answer may vary. Sample: (a 1 b)2 means (a 1 b)(a 1 b) which, when expanded,
is a2 1 2ab 1 b2 , which is not equivalent to a2 1 b2 .
2. Are there values of a and b for which (a 1 b)2 5 a2 1 b2 ?

Answers may vary. Sample: a 5 1, b 5 0
Consider each pair of expressions below for nonnegative values of the variables.
State whether they are equivalent expressions. If yes, explain. If not, give a
counterexample.
3. "x2 1 y2, "x2 1 "y2
Answers may vary. Sample: These expressions are not equivalent. Let x 5 2 and
y 5 3 then "22 1 32 5 "13 u "4 1 "9
"a
4. b , b
Answers may vary. Sample: These expressions are not equivalent. Let a = 6 and
!6
b 5 2 then 2 N 1.22 and 62 5 !3 N 1.73

5. Q !a R 2, a
Answers may vary. Sample: These expressions are equivalent.
A !aB 2 5 A !aB A !aB 5 "a2 5 a for all a L 0.
2
6. Q "x2 1 y2 R , x 1 y
Answers may vary. Sample: These expressions are not equivalent.
Q "x2 1 y2 R Q "x2 1 y2 R 5 "(x2 1 y2)2 5 x2 1 y2

28
Name
Class
Date
Reteaching
6-3
Two radical expressions are like radicals if they have the same index and the same
radicand.
Compare radical expressions to the terms in a polynomial expression.
Like terms:
4x3
11x3
Unlike terms:
4y3
11x3
Like radicals:
4!6
3
11 !
6
Unlike radicals:
4!5
3
11 !
6
The power and the variable are the same

4y2
Either the power or the variable are not the same.

The index and the radicand are the same
4 "6
Either the index or the radicand are not the same.
When adding or subtracting radical expressions, simplify each radical so that you
can find like radicals.
Problem
What is the sum? !63 1 !28

!63 1 !28 5 !9 ? 7 1 !4 ? 7
Factor each radicand.
5 "3 2 ? 7 1 "2 2 ? 7
Find perfect squares.
5 "3 2 "7 1 "2 2 "7
n
n
n
Use !ab
5 !a ? !b.
5 3 !7 1 2 !7
Use "an 5 a to simplify.
5 5 !7
Add like radicals.
The sum is 5!7.
Exercises
Simplify.
1. !150 2 !24 3 !6
3
4. 5 !2 2 !54 2 !2
2. !135 1 !40 5 !5
3. 6 !3 2 !75 !3
3
5. 2!48 1 !147 2 !27 0 6. 8 !3x 2 !24x 1 !192x

3
10 !3x

29
Name
Class
Date
6-3
Conjugates, such as !a 1 !b and !a 2 !b, differ only in the sign of the

second term. If a and b are rational numbers, then the product of conjugates
produce a rational number:
2
Q !a 1 !b R Q !a 2 !b R 5 Q !a R 2 Q !b R 5 a 2 b.
You can use the conjugate of a radical denominator to rationalize the

denominator.
Problem
What is the product? Q 2 !7 2 !5 R Q 2 !7 1 !5 R

Q 2 !7 2 !5 R Q 2 !7 1 !5 R These are conjugates.
2
5 Q 2 !7 R 2 Q !5 R
Use the difference of squares formula.
5 28 2 5 5 23
Simplify.
Problem
How can you write the expression with a rationalized denominator?
4 !2
1 1 !3
4 !2
1 1 !3
4 !2
1 2 !3
?
1 1 !3 1 2 !3
Use the conjugate of 1 1 !3 to rationalize the denominator.
4 !2 2 4 !6
123
Multiply.
A4 !2 2 4 !6B
4 !2 2 4 !6
5
2
22
2
Simplify.
24 !2 1 4 !6
5 22 !2 1 2 !6
2
Exercises
Simplify. Rationalize all denominators.
7. A3 1 !6B A3 2 !6B 3
10.
2 2 !7
2 1 !7
211 1 4"7
3
8.
2 !3 1 1 "3 1 1
2
5 2 !3
11. A2 !8 2 6B A !8 2 4B
40 2 28 !2
9. Q 4 !6 2 1 R Q !6 1 4 R
12.
!5
2 1 !3
2 !5 2 !15

30
20 1 15 !6
Name
Class
Date
6-4
Rational Exponents
Choose the word or phrase from the list that best matches each sentence.
rational exponent
radical form
1. The expression " y3 is written in

rational exponent
2. A
exponential form
radical form
is an exponent written in fractional form.
3. The expression x 5 is written in
exponential form
Write each expression in exponential form.

7
4. " y7 5
y4
4
x3
a5
5. (!x)4 5
6. (!a)3 5
8
7. !r 5
r8
Write each expression in radical form.

3
4
"
w3
8. w4 5
5
"b5
"h
9. b2 5
10. h2 5
3
7 3
11. g 7 5 "g
Multiple Choice
6 4
"
y
12. What is 3
1
y2
!y
in simplest terms? B
3
!
y
3 4
"
y

31
y3
Name
Class
Date
Think About a Plan
6-4
Rational Exponents
Science A desktop world globe has a volume of about 1386 cubic inches. The
radius of the Earth is approximately equal to the radius of the globe raised to the
10th power. Find the radius of the Earth. (Hint: Use the formula V 5 43pr3 for the
volume of a sphere.)
Know
1386
in.3 .
1. The volume of the globe is
2. The radius of the Earth is equal to the radius of the globe raised to the 10th power
Need
3. To solve the problem I need to find the radius of the Earth
Plan
4. Write an equation relating the radius of the globe rG to the radius of the
Earth rE.
rE 5 rG 10
5. How can you represent the radius of the globe in terms of the radius of the
Earth?
1
rG 5 rE 10
6. Write an equation to represent the volume of the globe.
1386 5 43rG3
7. Use your previous equation and your equation from Exercise 5 to write an
equation to find the radius of the Earth.

1
1386 5 43 rE10
8. Solve your equation to find the radius of the Earth.

about 251,000,000 in. or 3961 mi

32
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-4
Form G
Rational Exponents
Simplify each expression.

1
1. 1253 5
1
2. 642 8
4. 72 ? 72 7
1
3. 325 2
1
5. (25)3 ? (25)3 ? (25)3 25

1
7. 113 ? 113 ? 113 11

10. 122 ? 272 18
8. 72 ? 282 14
1
6. 32 ? 752 15
9. 84 ? 324 4
11. 123 ? 453 ? 503 30
12. 182 ? 982 42

4 3
13. x3 "
x4
1
3
14. (2y)3 "
2y
15. a1.5 "a3
1
5
16. b5 !b
2
3 2
17. z3 "
z
1
4
18. (ab)4 !ab
5 12
19. m2.4 "
m
2
20. t27
21. a21.6
1
7
"t2
1
5
"a8

3
22. "x3 x 2
23. !m m3
1 2
24. !5y (5y)2

3
25. " 2y2 23y 3
26. Q !b R 3 b4
28. "(6a)4 36a2
29. " n4 n5
27. !26 (26)2

4
30. " (5ab)3 (5ab)4
31. The rate of inflation i that raises the cost of an item from the present value P to
F 1t
the future value F over t years is found using the formula i 5 Q P
R 2 1. Round
your answers to the nearest tenth of a percent.
a. What is the rate of inflation for which a television set costing $1000 today
will become one costing $1500 in 3 years? 14.5%
b. What is the rate of inflation that will result in the price P doubling
(that is, F 5 2P) in 10 years? 7.2%

33
Name
Class
Date
6-4
Form G
Rational Exponents
Write each expression in simplest form. Assume that all variables are positive.
1
32. Q 814 R 4 81
33. Q 325 R 5 32
35. 70 1
36. 83 4
34. A2564 B 4 256
37. (227)3 9
3
38. x2 ? x3 x 6
39. 2y2 ? y 2 y 2
40. A82 B 3 4
41. 3.60 1
1 1
42. Q 16 R 4 1
2
27 2
43. Q 8 R 3 9
4
1
44. " 0 0
1
45.
2
47. Q 3a2 b3 R 2 9ab3
50.
2
y5
1 1
59.
1
x3
3
x4
y6
b3
52. Q 2a4 R 3 8a4
2
x 21
13
1
2
55. Q 9x4y22 R 2 3x
y
1 2
1
x6
1
4y2
2
2b
x3
12y3
49. Q a3b22 R 26 a4
54. Q 2x5 R Q 6x4 R 12x 20
2
27x6 3 3x
56. a
b
4
4
64y
4y 3
1
x4
x7
53. 8122 9
46.
51. a
y 40
7
12x 6
48. Q y3 R 29 y6
4
31
3
y8
1
2
Q 3x2 R Q 4x3 R
57.
x 2 y3
1 1
x 3 y2
1
x23 y 2
60. a 2 1 b
x3 y22
58. y8 4 y2 y8
x6 y6
y3
x2
12x8 2 2x4
61. a
b 5y5
75y10
62. In a test kitchen, researchers have measured the radius of a ball of dough
made with a new quick-acting yeast. Based on their data, the radius r of the
t
dough ball, in centimeters, is given by r 5 5(1.05)3 after t minutes. Round the
answers to the following questions to the nearest tenth of a cm.
a. What is the radius after 5 minutes? 5.4 cm
b. What is the radius after 20 minutes? 6.9 cm
c. What is the radius after 43 minutes? 10.1 cm

34
Name
Class
6-4
Date
Practice
Form K
Rational Exponents

1
1. 16 4
4
!
16 2
2. (23) 3 ? (23) 3 ? (23) 3

23
3. 5 2 ? 45 2
15

1
4. x 4
4
!x
5. x 5
6. x 9
"x 4
"x 2

3
7. !2
1
23
8. " 2x2
9. " (2x)2
A2x 2 B 3
(2x) 3
10. Bone loss for astronauts may be prevented with an apparatus that rotates
a0.5
, N is the rate of rotation in
to simulate gravity. In the formula N 5
2pr 0.5
revolutions per second, a is the simulated acceleration in m/s2, and r is the

radius of the apparatus in meters. How fast would an apparatus with the
following radii have to rotate to simulate the acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 that is
due to Earths gravity?
a. r 5 1.7 m 0.382 rev/s
b. r 5 3.6 m 0.263 rev/s
c. r 5 5.2 m 0.218 rev/s
d. Reasoning Would an apparatus with radius 0.8 m need to spin faster or
slower than the one in part (a)? faster

35
Name
Class
Date
6-4
Form K
Rational Exponents
Simplify each number.

1
12. 2431.2
729
11. (2216) 3
3
!
2216 26
13. 32 20.4
1
4
Find each product or quotient. To start, rewrite the expression using exponents.
4
14. A !6B A !6B

1
15.
12
7
5 Q 6 4 R Q 6 3 R "6
"x2
10
16. !20 ? !135
x2
6 "5 5
!x

2
17. (125) 3
18. (216) 3(216) 3
25
19. (2243) 5
1296
Write each expression in simplest form. Assume that all variables are positive.
3
20. Q 16x28 R 24
x6
8
x2 3
22. a 210 b
x
x4
21. Q 8x15 R 2 3
1
2x 5
23. Error Analysis Explain why the following
simplification is incorrect. What is the correct

simplification? You cannot multiply 5 and
1
5 2 together by multiplying bases. You

have to rewrite 5 as 51 and combine the
exponents; 20 2 5 !5.
5Q4 2 5 2 R
1
5 5(4) 2 5 Q 5 2 R 5 20 2 25 2 5 15

36
Name
Class
Date
6-4
Rational Exponents
Multiple Choice
1
1. What is 123 ? 453 ? 503 in simplest form? B
!27,000
1
30
1073
27,000
3
"
(xy)2
3 2
"
xy
2. What is x3 ? y3 in simplest form? I
x3"y3
1
"xy3
1
3. What is x3 ? x2 ? x4 in simplest form? A

13
x 12
x 24
x 24
5
xy 2
y2
2 1
4. What is
x9
x3y3
1 3
in simplest form? I
x2y4
5
x 7y 2
xy 2
5. What is (232x10 y35)25 in simplest form? C

2
2 2 7
x y
2x2y7
1
2x2 y7
2
x2 y7
Short Response
6. The surface area S, in square units, of a sphere with volume V, in cubic units,
1
is given by the formula S 5 p 3(6V )3 . What is the surface area of a sphere with
volume 43 mi3? Show your work.
1
2
3
[2] S 5 3 (6V) 3 5 3 c 6 Q 43 R d 5 3 (8) 3 5 4 3 mi
[1] appropriate method but some computational errors


37
Name
6-4
Class
Date
Enrichment
Rational Exponents
Power Games
Each problem below involves rational exponents. Some of the problems are tricky.
Good luck!
1. Begin with any positive number. Call it x. Divide x by 2. Call the result r. Now
follow these directions carefully. You may use a calculator. nal r 5 !x

Divide x by r. Call the result q.
Add q and r. Call the result s.
Divide s by 2. Call the result r.
Go back to step a.
Repeat steps ad until r no longer changes. What is the relationship between
the original x and the final result?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. If we take the square root of a number 6 times, it would look like this:
'& $#" !x
Rewrite the expression above using rational exponents.
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 2 2 2
a a a a ax2 b b b b b
Simplify the expression above. Express the denominator of the exponent as a

1
power of 2. x64 ; 26
If you were to take the square root of a number 10 times, what would the
10
12
denominator of the exponent be equal to if you use rational exponents? 12 times? 2 ; 2
Choose any number and repeatedly take the square root. What number is the
answer approaching? 1
Does the answer appear to approach the same number if you change the
number you choose? yes
In Exercises 36, assume that the square roots and the operations inside them
repeat forever.
3. How much is $2 3 #2 3 "2 3 !2 3 c? (Hint: Let
y 5 $2 3 #2 3 "2 3 !2 3 c. Then use substitution and solve the

equation y 5 "2 3 y.) 2
4. How much is $2 1 #2 1 "2 1 !2 1 c? 2
5. How much is $2 2 #2 2 "2 2 !2 2 c? 1
3
6. How much is $2 4 #2 4 "2 4 !2 4 c? "
2

38
Name
Class
Date
Reteaching
6-4
Rational Exponents
You can simplify a number with a rational exponent by converting the expression
to a radical expression:
1
1
2
92 5 !9
53
xn 5 !x, for n . 0
1
3
83 5 !
852
You can simplify the product of numbers with rational exponents m and n by
raising the number to the sum of the exponents using the rule
am ? an 5 am1n
Problem
What is the simplified form of each expression?

1
a. 364 ? 364
1
364 ? 364 5 364 1 4
Use am ? an 5 am1n .
5 362
Add.
2
5 !36
Use xn 5 !x.
56
Simplify.
b. Write Q 6x3 R Q 2x4 R in simplified form.

3
Q 6x3 R Q 2x4 R
5 6 ? 2 ? x3 ? x4
2
Commutative and Associative

Properties of Multiplication
5 6 ? 2 ? x3 1 4
Use xm ? xn 5 xm1n.
17
5 12x12
Simplify.
Exercises
Simplify each expression. Assume that all variables are positive.
1
2 1
2. Q 2y4 R Q 3y3 R 6y 12
1. 53 ? 53 5
13
4. 2y3 y5 2y 15
5. 54 ? 54 !5
6. Q 23x 6 R Q 7x 6 R 221 !x

39
3. (211)3 ? (211)3 ? (211)3 211
Name
Class
Date
6-4
Rational Exponents
To write an expression with rational exponents in simplest form, simplify all

exponents and write every exponent as a positive number using the following
rules for a 2 0 and rational numbers m and n:
1
a2n 5 n
a
1
a2m
5 am
(am)n 5 amn
(ab)m 5 ambm
Problem
2
What is A8x9y23 B 23 in simplest form?

2
(8x9y23)23
5 A23 x9 y23 B 23
2
Factor any numerical coefcients.

2
5 A23 B 23 Ax9 B 23 Ay23 B 23
Use the property (ab)m 5 ambm.
5 222x26y2
Multiply exponents, using the property (am)n 5 amn.
y2
5 2 6
2 x
y2
5 6
4x
Write every exponent as a positive number.

Simplify.
Exercises
Write each expression in simplest form. Assume that all variables
are positive.
1
7. A16x2 y8 B 22 4xy4
1
10. A25x26 y2 B 2 5y
x3
8. Az23 B 9
1 4
9. Q 2x4 R
1
z3
16z4
12. a
b
25x8
11. A8a23 b9 B 3 4b6

a2
x2 5 2 1
13. a 21 b x 5y 5
y
3
16. A9z10 B 2 27z15
16x
1
22
14. A27m9 n23 B 23
17. (2243)25 21
3
n2
9m6
32r2 4
15. a 4 b 2r 2
2s
s
2
x5 10
18. a 1 b
y2

40
5x4
4z2
x4
y5
Name
Class
6-5
Date

Solving Square Root and Other Radical Equations
Problem
3
Solve the equation 4"
(y 1 2)2 1 3 5 19. Justify your steps. Then check your
solution.
2
4(y 1 2)3 1 3 5 19
2
4(y 1 2)3 5 16
2
(y 1 2)3 5 4
2
3
3
2
Subtract 3 from each side.

Divide each side by 4.
c(y 1 2) d 5 42
(y 1 2) 5 8
y56
3
4"
(6 1 2)2 1 3 0 19
Check
Rewrite the radical using a rational exponent.
3 2
4"
8 1 3 0 19
4 ? 4 1 3 0 19
19 5 19
Raise each side to the 2 power.

Simplify.
Solve for y.
Substitute 6 for y.
Add.
Simplify the radical.
Simplify.
Exercise
Solve the equation 9"(2x 2 4)4 1 2 5 38. Justify your steps. Then check your
solution.
4
9(2x 2 4)2 1 2 5 38
9(2x 2 4)2 5 36
c(2x 2 4)2 d 5 42
(2x 2 4) 5 2
x53
Check
Subtract 2 from each side and simplify the exponent.

(2x 2 4)2 5 4
1
2
Rewrite the radical using a rational exponent.
9"(2 ? 3 2 4)4 1 2 0 38
9"16 1 2 0 38
38 5 38
Raise each side to the 12 power.

Simplify.
Solve for x.
Substitute 3 for x.
Simplify the expression under the radical sign.
Simplify.

41
Name
6-5
Class
Date
Think About a Plan

Trafc Signs A stop sign is a regular octagon, formed by cutting triangles off the
corners of a square. If a stop sign measures 36 in. from top to bottom, what is the
length of each side?
Understanding the Problem
x
1. How can you use the diagram at the right to find a
relationship between s and x?

s
Since the triangles are right triangles, use the

Pythagorean Theorem to relate s and x
36 in.
2. How can you use the diagram at the right to find another
relationship between s and x?

The length of a side of the square, which is s 1 2x, is the same as the height of the
stop sign from top to bottom
3. What is the problem asking you to determine?

the length s of each side of the stop sign
Planning the Solution

4. What are two equations that relate s and x?
2x2 5 s2 ; 2x 1 s 5 36
5. How can you use your equations to find s?
Solve the rst equation for x and substitute the result into the second equation
Getting an Answer
6. Solve your equations for s.
about 14.9 in.
7. Is your answer reasonable? Explain.
Yes; the length of one side of the stop sign is a little more than a third of the total
height of the sign
.
42
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-5
Form G
Solve.
1. 5 !x 1 2 5 12 4
2. 3 !x 2 8 5 7 25
3. !4x 1 2 5 8 9
4. !2x 2 5 5 7 27
5. !3x 2 3 2 6 5 0 13
6. !5 2 2x 1 5 5 12 222
7. !3x 2 2 2 7 5 0 17
8. !4x 1 3 1 2 5 5 32
9. !33 2 3x 5 3 8
10. !2x 1 1 5 3 13
11. !13x 2 1 2 4 5 0 5
12. !2x 2 4 5 22 22
Solve.
1
13. (x 2 2) 3 5 5 127
14. (2x 1 1)3 5 23 214
16. 2x 3 2 2 5 0 1
17. x 2 2 5 5 0 25
19. (7x 2 3)2 5 5 4
20. 4x 2 2 5 5 27 64
22. (2x 1 1)3 5 1 0
15. 2x 4 5 16 16
3
18. 4x 2 2 5 5 103 9
1
21. x 6 2 2 5 0 64
4
23. (x 2 2)3 2 4 5 5 29, 225 24. 3x 3 1 5 5 53 8, 28
25. The formula P 5 4"A relates the perimeter P, in units, of a square to its area A,
in square units. What is the area of the square window shown below? 36 ft2
Perimeter: 24 ft
26. The formula A 5 6V 3 relates the surface area A, in square units, of a cube to
the volume V, in cubic units. What is the volume of a cube with surface area
486 in.2? 729 in.3
27. A mound of sand at a rock-crushing plant is growing over time. The equation
3
t5 !
5V 2 1 gives the time t, in hours, at which the mound has volume V, in
cubic meters. When is the volume equal to 549 m3? 14 h

43
Name
Class
Date
6-5
Form G
28. City officials conclude they should budget s million dollars for a new library
building if the population increases by p thousand people in a ten-year census. The

2
formula s 5 2 1 13(p 1 1)5 expresses the relationship between population and
library budget for the city. How much can the population increase without the city
going over budget if they have $5 million for a new library building? 242,000
Solve. Check for extraneous solutions.

29. !x 1 1 5 x 2 1 3
30. !2x 1 1 5 23 no solution
31. (x 1 7)2 5 x 2 5 9
32. (2x 2 4)2 5 x 2 2 2, 4
33. !x 1 2 5 x 2 18 23
34. !x 1 6 5 x 9
35. (2x 1 1)2 5 25 no solution
36. (x 1 2)2 5 10 2 x 7
37. !x 1 1 5 x 1 1 21, 0
38. !9 2 3x 5 3 2 x 0, 3
39. !2x 2 4 5 22 22
40. 2 !5x 1 2 2 1 5 3 6
41. !4x 1 2 5 !3x 1 4 2
42. !7x 2 6 2 !5x 1 2 5 0 4
43. 2(x 2 1)2 5 (26 1 x)2 10
44. (x 2 1)2 2 (2x 1 1)4 5 0 4
45. !2x 2 !x 1 1 5 1 8
46. !7x 2 1 5 !5x 1 5 3
47. (7 2 x)2 5 (2x 1 13)2 22
48. (x 2 7)2 5 (x 1 5)4 11
49. !x 1 9 2 !x 5 1 16
50. !8x 2 !6x 2 2 5 0 21
51. A clothing manufacturer uses the model a 5 !f 1 4 2 !36 2 f to estimate
the amount of fabric to order from a mill. In the formula, a is the number of
apparel items (in hundreds) and f is the number of units of fabric needed. If
400 apparel items will be manufactured, how many units of fabric should be
ordered? 32
52. What are the lengths of the sides of the trapezoid shown at the right if the
perimeter of the trapezoid is 17 cm?
x 5 4 cm, 2 !x 5 4 cm, x 1 1 5 5 cm
2 Vx
2 Vx
x1

44
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-5
Form K
Solve. To start, rewrite the equation to isolate the radical.

1. !x 1 2 2 2 5 0
2. !2x 1 3 2 7 5 0
23
!x 1 2 5 2 2
3. 2 1 !3x 2 2 5 6
6
Solve.
3
4. 2(x 2 2) 3 5 50
5. 2(x 1 3) 2 5 54
6
127 and 2123
6. (6x 2 5) 3 1 3 5 22
220
7. The formula d 5 2#ph relates the diameter d, in units, of a cylinder to its
volume V, in cubic units, and its height h, in units. A cylindrical can has a
diameter of 3 in. and a height of 4 in. What is the volume of the can to the
nearest cubic inch? 28 in.3
8. Writing Explain the difference between a radical equation and a polynomial

equation. A radical equation has a variable in a radicand or a variable with a
rational exponent, while a polynomial equation has a variable with whole
number exponents.
9. Reasoning If you are solving 4(x 1 3) 4 5 7, do you need to use the absolute
value to solve for x? Why or why not? No; the numerator of the exponent 34 is not even.

45
Name
Class
Date
6-5
Form K
Solve. Check for extraneous solutions. First, isolate a radical, then square each
side of the equation.
10. !4x 1 5 5 x 1 2
A !4x 1 5B 2 5 (x 1 2)2
11. !23x 2 5 2 3 5 x
22
12. !x 1 7 1 5 5 x
9
1 and 21
13. !2x 2 7 5 !x 1 2
A !2x 2
7B 2
5 A !x 1
2B 2
14. !3x 1 2 2 !2x 1 7 5 0 15. !2x 1 4 2 2 5 !x

5
0 and 16
16. Find the solutions of !x 1 2 5 x. 2

a. Are there any extraneous solutions? 21
b. Reasoning How do you know the answer to part (a)? Substitute the solutions
into the original equation. If a solution does not make the equation true, then the
solution is extraneous.
17. A floor is made up of hexagon-shaped tiles. Each hexagon tile has
an area of 1497 cm2. What is the length of each side of the hexagon?
(Hint: Six equilateral triangles make one hexagon.) about 24 cm
s
s!3
2

46
Name
Class
Date
6-5
Gridded Response
Solve each exercise and enter your answer in the grid provided.
1. What is the solution? !2x 2 4 2 3 5 1
2. What is the solution? 5x 2 2 8 5 7
3. What is the solution? !2x 2 6 5 3 2 x
4. What is the solution? !5x 2 3 5 !2x 1 3
5. Keplers Third Law of Orbital Motion states that the period P (in Earth years)
it takes a planet to complete one orbit of the sun is a function of the distance
d (in astronomical units, AU) from the planet to the sun. This relationship is
3
P 5 d 2 . If it takes Neptune 165 years to orbit the sun, what is the distance
(in AU) of Neptune from the sun? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Answers
1.
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9

47
30 . 08
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
Name
Class
Date
Enrichment
6-5
When solving radical equations you will often get an extraneous solution. You can
use a graph to explain why an algebraic answer is not a solution.
1. Solve the equation !x 1 2 5 x 2 4. Is there an extraneous solution?
7; 2 is an extraneous solution.
2. To analyze this equation with a graph, rewrite the equation as a system of two
equations. What two equations can you write?

y 5 !x 1 2 and y 5 x 2 4
8 y
4
8 4 O
4
3. Graph the two equations.
x
4
4. Explain how you find the solution to this system of equations on your graph.
What is the solution?
Answers may vary. Sample: On a graph the solution to a system of equations is

the point of intersection; the solution for this system is (7, 3).
5. How can you use the solution from the graph of the system of equations to
help you solve the original equation !x 1 2 5 x 2 4?

Answers may vary. Sample: The x-coordinate of the solution to the system is
the solution to the original equation.
6. How can you tell from your graph that one of your algebraic answers is an
extraneous solution?
Answers may vary. Sample: Because there is only one point of intersection,
there can only be one solution to the equation.
Solve each equation. Graph each equation as a system to determine if there are
any extraneous solutions.
7. !4x 1 1 5 3
8. x 5 !6 2 x
8 y
8 y
4
8 4 O
4
9. !x 1 1 5 x 2 1
8 y
x
8
4
4
2; no extraneous
solutions
4
4
x
4
2; 23 is an
extraneous solution.
3; 0 is an extraneous
solution.

48
Name
Class
Date
Reteaching
6-5
Equations containing radicals can be solved by isolating the radical on one side of
the equation, and then raising both sides to the same power that would undo the
radical.
Problem
What is the solution of the radical equation? 2!2x 1 2 2 2 5 10

2 !2x 1 2 2 2 5 10
2 !2x 1 2 5 12
Add 2 to each side.
!2x 1 2 5 6
(!2x 1 2)2 5 62
Square each side to undo the radical.
2x 1 2 5 36
Simplify.
2x 5 34
Subtract 2 from each side.
x 5 17
Check the solution in the original equation.

Check
2 !2x 1 2 2 2 5 10
2 !2(17) 1 2 2 2 0 10
2 !36 2 2 0 10
Write the original equation.

Replace x by 17.
Simplify.
12 2 2 0 10
10 5 10
The solution is 17.
Exercises
Solve. Check your solutions.
1
2. 3 !2x 5 12 8
1. x 2 5 13 169
1
4. (3x 1 4)2 2 1 5 4 7
1
7. (x 1 2) 2 2 5 5 0 23
3. !3x 1 5 5 11 12
5. (6 2 x) 2 1 2 5 5 23
6. !3x 1 13 5 4 1
8. !3 2 2x 2 2 5 3 211
3
9. !5x 1 2 2 3 5 0 5

49
Name
Class
6-5
Date
An extraneous solution may satisfy equations in your work, but it does not
make the original equation true. Always check possible solutions in the original
equation.
Problem
What is the solution? Check your results. !17 2 x 2 3 5 x

!17 2 x 2 3 5 x
!17 2 x 5 x 1 3
Add 3 to each side to get the radical alone on one side

of the equal sign.
A !17 2 xB 2 5 (x 1 3)2
Square each side.
17 2 x 5 x2 1 6x 1 9
0 5 x2 1 7x 2 8
Rewrite in standard form.
0 5 (x 2 1)(x 1 8)
Factor.
x 2 1 5 0orx 1 8 5 0
x 5 1 or
Set each factor equal to 0 using the Zero Product Property.
x 5 28
Check
!17 2 x 2 3 5 x
!17 2 1 2 3 0 1
!16 2 3 0 1
151
!17 2 x 2 3 5 x
!17 2 (28) 2 3 0 28
!25 2 3 0 28
2 2 28
The only solution is 1.
Exercises
10. !5x 1 1 5 !4x 1 3 2
11. !x2 1 3 5 x 1 1 no
12. !3x 5 !x 1 6 3
solution
13. x 5 !x 1 7 1 5 9
14. x 2 3 !x 2 4 5 0 16
15. !x 1 2 5 x 2 4 7
16. !2x 2 10 5 x 2 5 5, 7
17. !3x 2 6 5 2 2 x 2
18. !x 2 1 1 7 5 x 10
19. !5x 1 1 5 !3x 1 15 7 20. !x 1 9 5 x 1 7 25
21. x 2 !x 1 2 5 40 47

50
Name
Class
6-6
Date

Function Operations
Darnell wrote the steps to compose the following functions on index cards, but the
cards got mixed up.
Let f (x) 5 x 1 7 and g(x) 5 x3. What is (g + f )(24)?
Subtract 4 from 7.
Substitute 24 for x in
f(x).
Raise 3 to the 3rd

power.
Substitute 3 into g(x).
Use the note cards to write the steps in order.

1. First, substitute 24 for x in f(x)
.
2. Second, subtract 4 from 7
.
3. Then, substitute 3 into g(x)
.
4. Finally, raise 3 to the 3rd power
.

51
Name
6-6
Class
Date
Think About a Plan

Function Operations
Sales A salesperson earns a 3% bonus on weekly sales over $5000. Consider the
following functions.
g(x) 5 0.03x
h(x) 5 x 2 5000
a. Explain what each function above represents.

b. Which composition, (h + g)(x) or (g + h)(x), represents the weekly bonus?
Explain.
1. What does x represent in the function g(x)?
the sales amount used to calculate a 3% bonus
2. What does the function g(x) represent?
the bonus earned by the salesperson on sales
3. What does x represent in the function h(x)?
the total weekly sales made by the salesperson
4. What does the function h(x) represent?
the weekly sales over $5000 made by the salesperson
5. What is the meaning of (h + g)(x)?
First multiply the value of x by 0.03, then subtract 5000 from the result
6. Assume that x is $7000. What is (h + g)(x)? 4790

7. What is the meaning of (g + h)(x)?
First subtract 5000 from the value of x, then multiply the result by 0.03
8. Assume that x is $7000. What is (g + h)(x)? 60

9. Which composition represents the weekly bonus? Explain
(g + h)(x) represents the weekly bonus because you must rst nd the sales amount
over 5000 by subtracting 5000 from the weekly sales, and then you multiply the result
by the bonus percent as a decimal, or 0.03

52
Name
6-6
Class
Date
Practice
Form G
Function Operations
Let f (x) 5 4x 21 and g(x) 5 2x2 1 3. Perform each function operation and then
find the domain.
1. ( f 1 g)(x)
2x2 1 4x 1 2; all real numbers
4. ( f ? g) (x)
8x3 2 2x2 1 12x 23;
all real numbers
2. ( f 2 g)(x)
22x2 + 4x 24; all real
numbers
f
5. g (x)
4x 2 1
;
2x2 1 3
3. (g 2 f )(x)
2x2 2 4x 1 4;
all real numbers
g
6. (x)
f
all real numbers
2x2 1 3
4x 2 1 ;
all real numbers except 14
Let f (x) 5 2x and g(x) 5 !x 21. Perform each function operation and then find
the domain of the result.
7. ( f 1 g)(x)
8. ( f 2 g)(x)
9. (g 2 f )(x)
2x 2 "x 1 1; x L 0
2x 1 "x 2 1; x L 0
f
11. g (x)
10. ( f ? g)(x)
2x
;
!x 2 1
2x"x 2 2x; x L 0
22x 1 "x 2 1; x L 0
g
12. (x)
f
x L 0 and x u 1
"x 2 1
2x ; x S 0
Let (x) 5 23x 1 2, g(x) 5 5 , h(x) 5 22x2 1 9, and j(x) 5 5 2 x. Find each value or expression.
13. ( f + j)(3) 24
14. ( j + h)(21) 22
15. (h + g)(25) 7
17. (x) 1 j(x) 24x 1 7
18. (x) 2 h(x) 2x2 2 3x 2 7
19. (g + f )(25) 5
20. ( f + g)(22) 16
5
21. 3(x) 1 5g(x) 28x 1 6
22. g( f (2)) 2 4
5
23. g( f (x)) 23x 1 2
24. f (g(1)) 7
16. (g + f )(a) 23a 1 2

5
17
25. A video game store adds a 25% markup on each of the games that it sells.
In addition to the manufacturers cost, the store also pays a $1.50 shipping
charge on each game.
a. Write a function to represent the price f (x) per video game after the
stores markup. f(x) 5 1.25x
b. Write a function g(x) to represent the manufacturers cost plus the shipping
charge. g(x) 5 x 1 1.5
c. Suppose the manufacturers cost for a video game is $13. Use a composite
function to find the cost at the store if the markup is applied after the
shipping charge is added. f(g(13)) N $18.13
d. Suppose the manufacturers cost for a video game is $13. Use a composite
function to find the cost at the store if the markup is applied before the
shipping charge is added. g(f(13)) 5 $17.75
53
Name
Class
6-6
Date
Form G
Function Operations
4
26. The formula V 5 3 r 3 expresses the relationship between the volume V and
radius r of a sphere. A weather balloon is being inflated so that the radius is

changing with respect to time according to the equation r 5 t 1 1, where t is
the time, in minutes, and r is the radius, in feet.
a. Write a composite function f (t) to represent the volume of the weather
balloon after t minutes. Do not expand the expression. f(t) 5 43 (t 1 1)3
b. Find the volume of the balloon after 5 minutes. Round the answer to two
decimal places. Use 3.14 for . 904.32 ft3
27. A boutique prices merchandise by adding 80% to its cost. It later decreases by
25% the price of items that do not sell quickly.

a. Write a function f (x) to represent the price after the 80% markup. f(x) 5 1.8x
b. Write a function g(x) to represent the price after the 25% markdown. g(x) 5 0.75x
c. Use a composition function to find the price of an item, after both price
adjustments, that originally costs the boutique $150. g(f (150)) 5 $202.50
d. Does the order in which the adjustments are applied make a difference?
Explain. No; it doesnt matter whether you rst multiply by 0.75 or by 1.8.
28. A department store has marked down its merchandise by 25%. It later
decreases by $5 the price of items that have not sold.

a. Write a function f (x) to represent the price after the 25% markdown. f(x) 5 0.75x
b. Write a function g(x) to represent the price after the $5 markdown. g(x) 5 x 2 5
c. Use a composition function to find the price of a $50 item after both price
adjustments. g(f (50)) 5 $32.50
d. Does the order in which the adjustments are applied make a difference?
Explain.
Yes; multiplying by 0.75 and then subtracting by 5 is different than subtracting
by 5 and then multiplying by 0.75.
Let g(x) 5 x2 2 5 and h(x) 5 3x 1 2. Perform each function operation.

29. (h + g)(x)
3x2 2 13
30. g(x) ? h(x)

3x3 1 2x2 2 15x 2 10
31. 22g(x) 1 h(x)

22x2 1 3x 1 12

54
Name
Class
6-6
Date
Practice
Form K
Function Operations
Let f (x) 5 4x 1 8 and g(x) 5 2x 2 12. Perform each function operation and
then find the domain of the result.
1. ( f 1 g)(x)
(f ? g) (x)
(f 2 g) (x)
f (x) 1 g(x)
(f 1 g) (x) 5 6x 2 4;
all real numbers
f
4. a g b(x)
3. ( f ? g)(x)
2. ( f 2 g)(x)
5
2 32x 2 96;
all real numbers
5 2x 1 20; all
real numbers
2x 1 4
Q g R (x) 5 x 2 6 ;
8x2
all real numbers,

xu6
Let f (x) 5 x 1 2 and g(x) 5 !x 2 1. Perform each function operation and

f
7. a g b(x)
6. ( f ? g)(x)
5. ( f 1 g)(x)
(f 1 g)(x)
5 x 1 !x 1 1;
all x L 0
g
8. a b(x)
f
(f ? g)(x)
f
x 1 2
Q R (x) 5
;
!x 2 1
5 x !x 2 x 1 2 !x 2 2; g
all x L 0, x u 1
all x L 0
all x L 0
Let f (x) 5 x 2 2 and g(x) 5 x2 . Find each value. To start, use the definition of
composing functions to find a function rule.
9. (g f )(4)
10. ( f g)(21)
21
f (4) 5 4 2 2 5 2 4
11. (g f )(23)
25
Let f (x) 5 !x and g(x) 5 (x 1 2)2 . Find each value.

12. ( f g)(25)
13. ( f g)(0)
14. (g f )(4)
16

55
!x 2 1
Q f R (x) 5 x 1 2 ;
Name
Class
Date
6-6
Form K
Function Operations
15. A car dealer offers a 15% discount off the list price x of any car on the lot. At the same
time, the manufacturer offers a $1000 rebate for each purchase of a car.
a. Write a function f (x) to represent the price after discount. f(x) 5 0.85x
b. Write a function g (x) to represent the price after the $1000 rebate. g(x) 5 x 2 1000
c. Suppose the list price of a car is $18,000. Use a composite function to find the price
of the car if the discount is applied before the rebate. $14,300
d. Suppose the list price of a car is $18,000. Use a composite function to find the price
of the car if the discount is applied after the rebate. $14,450
e. Reasoning Between parts (c) and (d), will the dealer want to apply the
discount before or after the rebate? Why?
After; they will make more money selling the car for a higher price.
16. Error Analysis f (x) 5 2 !x and g(x) 5 3x 2 6. Your friend gives a domain
f
for a g b(x) as x $ 0. Is this correct? If not, what is the correct domain?
No; the correct domain is x L 0, x u 2.
Let f (x) 5 2x2 2 3 and g(x) 5
x11
2 . Find each value.
17. f (g(2)) 3
18. g( f (23)) 8
19. ( f f )(21) 21
20. Reasoning A local bookstore has a sale on all their paperbacks giving a 10% discount.
You also received a coupon in the mail for $4 off your purchase. If you buy 2 paperbacks
at $8 each, is it less expensive for you to apply the discount before the coupon or after
the coupon? How much will you save?
before the coupon; $.40

56
Name
Class
6-6
Date

Function Operations
Multiple Choice
1. Let f (x) 5 22x 1 5 and g(x) 5 x3. What is (g 2 f )(x)? B
x3 2 2x 1 5
2x3 2 2x 1 5
x3 1 2x 2 5
2x3 1 2x 2 5
2. Let f (x) 5 3x and g(x) 5 x2 1 1. What is ( f g)(x)? H
9x2 1 3x
9x2 1 1
3x3 1 3x
3x3 1 1
f
3. Let f (x) 5 x2 2 2x 2 15 and g(x) 5 x 1 3. What is the domain of g (x)? C
all real numbers
x 2 23
x 2 5, 23
x.0
4. Let f (x) 5 !x 1 1 and g(x) 5 2x 1 1. What is (g + f )(x)? F
2 !x 1 3
!2x 1 1 1 1
2x !x 1 2x 1 !x 1 1
2x 1 !x 1 2
1
5. Let f (x) 5 x and g(x) 5 x2 2 2. What is ( f + g)(23)? B
17
9
17
1
7
29
23
Short Response
6. Suppose the function f (x) 5 0.035x represents the number of U.S. dollars
equivalent to x Russian rubles and the function g(x) 5 90x represents the
number of Japanese yen equivalent to x U.S. dollars. Write a composite
function that represents the number of Japanese yen equivalent to x Russian
rubles. Show your work.
[2] (g f )(x) 5 g(f(x)) 5 90(0.035x) 5 3.15x
[1] appropriate method but with one computational error

57
Name
6-6
Class
Date
Enrichment
Function Operations
Composition and Linear Functions

Two functions f (x) and g(x) are equal if they have the same domains and the same
value for each point in their domain. Suppose that f (x) 5 Ax 1 B and g(x) 5 Cx 1 D
are two linear functions both of whose domains are the set of real numbers.
1. If f (x) 5 g(x), what can you conclude by examining the values of f and g at x 5 0? B 5 D
2. Use your conclusion to eliminate D from the definition of g(x). g(x) 5 Cx 1 B
3. What equation results from examining the values of f and g at x 5 1? A 1 B 5 C 1 B
4. What can you conclude about A and C? A 5 C
5. When are two linear functions equal?
when the coefcients of x are equal and the constant terms are equal
6. Compute (g + f )(x). ACx 1 BC 1 D
7. What type of function is the composite of two linear functions? linear
8. What is the coefficient of x in the expression for (g + f )(x)? AC
9. What is the constant term? BC 1 D
10. Compute ( f + g)(x) and express it in slope-intercept form. ACx 1 AD 1 B
11. What equation must be satisfied if f + g 5 g + f ? BC 1 D 5 AD 1 B
12. What equations must be satisfied if f + g 5 f ? AC 5 A and AD 1 B 5 B
13. What equations must be satisfied if f + g 5 g ? AC 5 C and AD 1 B 5 D
14. What must occur if f + g 5 0? AC 5 0 and AD 1 B 5 0
15. Constant functions are a subset of linear functions in which the coefficient of x
is zero. What type of function is the composite of two constant functions? constant
16. a. If h(x) and k(x) are two constant functions, under what circumstances does
h + k 5 k + h? if h(x) 5 k(x)
b. Under what circumstances does h + k 5 k? if h(x) 5 k(x)
c. Under what circumstances does h + k 5 h? h k always equals h
d. Under what circumstances does h + k 5 0? if h(x) 5 0

58
Name
6-6
Class
Date
Reteaching
Function Operations
When you combine functions using addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, the
domain of the resulting function has to include the domains of both of the original functions.
Problem
Let f (x) 5 x2 2 4 and g(x) 5 !x. What is the solution of each function
operation? What is the domain of the result?
a. ( f 1 g)(x) 5 f (x) 1 g(x) 5 (x2 2 4) 1 (!x) 5 x2 1 !x 2 4
b. ( f 2 g)(x) 5 f (x) 2 g(x) 5 (x2 2 4) 2 (!x) 5 x2 2 !x 2 4
c. (g 2 f )(x) 5 g(x) 2 f (x) 5 (!x) 2 (x2 2 4) 5 2x2 1 !x 1 4
d. ( f ? g)(x) 5 f (x) ? g(x) 5 (x2 2 4)(!x) 5 x2 !x 2 4 !x
The domain of f is all real numbers. The domain of g is all x $ 0. For parts a2d, there are
no additional restrictions on the values for x, so the domain for each of these is x $ 0.
f
f (x)
(x2 2 4) !x
x2 2 4
e. g (x) 5
5
5
x
g(x)
!x
As before, the domain is x $ 0. But, because the denominator cannot be zero, eliminate
any values of x for which g(x) 5 0. The only value for which !x 5 0 is x 5 0. Therefore,
f
the domain of g is x . 0.
f.
g
g(x)
!x
(x) 5
5 2
f
f(x)
x 24
Similarly, begin with x $ 0 and eliminate any values of x that make the denominator
g
f(x) zero: x2 2 4 5 0 when x 5 22 and x 5 2. Therefore, the domain of f is x $ 0
combined with x 2 22 and x 2 2. In other words, the domain is x $ 0 and x 2 2, or all
nonnegative numbers except 2.
Exercises
Let f (x) 5 4x 2 3 and g(x) 5 x2 1 2. Perform each function operation and then
find the domain of the result.
1. ( f 1 g)(x)
2. ( f 2 g)(x)
x2
1 4x 2 1;
all real numbers
4. ( f g)(x)
4x3 2 3x2 1 8x 2 6;
all real numbers
2x2
1 4x 2 5; all
real numbers
f
5. g (x)
4x 2 3
;
x2 1 2
all real numbers
3. (g 2 f )(x)
x2 2 4x 1 5; all
real numbers
g
6. (x)
f
x2 1 2
4x 2 3 ;

59
x u 34
Name
Class
6-6
Date
Function Operations
One way to combine two functions is by forming a composite.

A composite is written (g + f ) or g( f (x)). The two different functions are g and f.
Evaluate the inner function f (x) first.
Use this value, the first output, as the input for the second function, g(x).
Problem
What is the value of the expression g( f (2)) given the inner function, f (x) 5 3x 2 5
and the outer function, g(x) 5 x2 1 2?
1st input
x 2
f(x)
1st output, 1,
becomes
2nd input
3x 5
3(2) 5
g(x)
x2
2nd output
12 2
6 5
1 2
1
1st output
3
2nd output
Exercises
Evaluate the expression g( f (5)) using the same functions for g and f as in the
Example. Fill in blanks 714 on the chart.
Use one color highlighter to highlight the first input. Use a second color to
highlight the first output and the second input. Use a third color to highlight the
second output, which is the answer.
1st input
x 5
f(x)
1st output,
3x 5
10.
5) 5
7. 3(
10 ,
becomes
2nd input
g(x)
x2
2nd output
2
14.
102
2
11. 10
2
8. 15
5
12. 100
2
10
9.
102
13.
Given f (x) 5 x2 1 4x and g(x) 5 2x 1 3, evaluate each expression.

15. f (g(2))
77
16. g( f (2.5))
35.5
17. g( f (25))
13
18. f (g(25))
21

60
Name
Class
6-7
Date

Inverse Relations and Functions
Choose the word or phrase from the list that best matches each sentence.
inverse relation
1. In a
inverse function
one-to-one function
f21
one-to-one function
, each y-value in the range corresponds to

exactly one x-value in the domain.
2. A relation pairs element a of its domain to element b of its range. The
inverse relation
pairs b with a.
f21
3. The inverse of a function f is represented by
.
inverse functions
4. If a relation and its inverse are functions, then they are

y
5. Circle the inverse of y 5 2x 1 1.
y 5 x 2 12
x5222
1
y5x2
2
6. Circle the inverse of y 5 (3 2 x)2.
y 5 3 1 !x
y 5 3 2 !x
y 5 9 2 !x
7. Circle the inverse of y 5 5x2 1 4.
4
y5x2
5
y 5 "x 2 45
4
y 5 "x 2
5
8. Explain each of the steps followed to find f 21 of f (x) 5 !3x 2 2.
y 5 !3x 2 2
Replace f (x) with y.
x 5 !3y 2 2
Switch x and y.
x2 5 3y 2 2
Square both sides.
x2 1 2 5 3y
Add 2 to both sides.
2
y 5 x 31 2
Divide both sides by 3 and solve for y.
9. Find f21 for f(x) 5 4x 2 8, and explain the steps.
y 5 4x 2 8
Replace f (x) with y.
x 5 4y 2 8
Switch x and y.
x 1 8 5 4y
Add 8 to both sides.
y 5 4x 1 2
Divide both sides by 4 and solve for y.

61
Name
Class
6-7
Date
Think About a Plan

Geometry Write a function that gives the length of the hypotenuse of an isosceles
right triangle with side length s. Evaluate the inverse of the function to find the
side length of an isosceles right triangle with a hypotenuse of 6 in.
Know
1. An equation that relates the length of each side s and the
length of the hypotenuse h of an isosceles right triangle is

2 5 h2 z .
z2s
Need
2. To solve the problem I need to:
write a function for the length of the hypotenuse in terms
of the side length and then nd the inverse function for

the side length in terms of the hypotenuse
Plan
3. A function that gives the length of the hypotenuse h in terms of the side length
s is
h
5 s"2 .
4. An inverse function that gives the side length s in terms of the length of the
hypotenuse h is
s5 h
"2
5. What is the value of the inverse function for h 5 6 in.? about 4.24 in.
6. Is the side length reasonable? Explain.

Yes; the side length is less than the length of the hypotenuse

62
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-7
Form G
Find the inverse of each relation. Graph the given relation and its inverse.
1.
3.
2.
4 y
22 21
23 22 21
23
22
21
22
21
23
21
21
2
2
21
23
21
4.
y
2
23 21
22
y
2
2
23
21
22
23
22
21
23
22
21
2
2
4 y
2
2
2
2
2
4
Find the inverse of each function. Is the inverse a function?

5. y 5 x2 1 2
y 5 w!x 2 2; no
6. y 5 x 1 2
8. y 5 2x2 2 3
y 5 w!2x 2 3; no
9. y 5 2x 2 1
11. y 5 5x2
y 5 w"x5; no
14. y 5 3x2 2 2
2
y 5 w"x 1
3 ; no
7. y 5 3(x 1 1)
y 5 x 2 2; yes
y5
1
2x
1
2;
y 5 13 x 2 1; yes
10. y 5 1 2 3x2
yes
x
y 5 w"1 2
3 ; no
12. y 5 (x 1 3)2
y 5 w!x 2 3; no
13. y 5 6x2 2 4
15. y 5 (x 1 4)2 2 4
y 5 w!x 1 4 2 4; no
16. y 5 2x2 1 4
y 5 w!4 2 x; no
4
y 5 w"x 1
6 ; no
Graph each relation and its inverse.

17. y 5
x13
3
6
4
2
1
18. y 5 2 x 1 5
y
x
4 O 2 4 6
1
20. y 5 2 x2
3
2
1
32 O
2
3
19. y 5 2x 1 5
y
y
6
4
2 O
642
2
2
4
6
21. y 5 (x 1 2)2
y
x
1 2 3
2 O
642
4
2
4
6
4
4 O
4
22. y 5 (2x 2 1)2 2 2
y
2
4
6 2
4
6

63
x
2
x
2
Name
6-7
Class
Date
Form G
For each function, find the inverse and the domain and range of the function
and its inverse. Determine whether the inverse is a function.
1
23. f (x) 5 6 x f 21(x) 5 6x;
24.
The domain and range of f
and f 21 is the set of all real
numbers; f 21 is a function.
f (x) 5 215 x 1 2
25. f (x) 5 x2 2 2 f 21(x) 5 w!x 1 2;

5 25x 1 10; The
Domain of f 5 all real numbers 5 range
domain and range of f and
of f 21; Range of f 5 the set of real
21
f
is the set of all real
numbers greater than or equal to 22 5
numbers; f 21 is a function.
domain of f 21; f 21 is not a function.
26. f (x) 5 x2 1 4 f 21(x) 5

27.
w!x 2 4; Domain of f 5
all real numbers 5 range of
f 21 ; Range of f 5 all real
numbers greater than or
equal to 4 5 domain of f 21 ;
f 21 is not a function.
29. f (x) 5 3 2 x
30.
21
f (x) 5 3 2 x; the domain
and range of f and f 21 is
the set of all real numbers;
f 21 is a function.
f (x) 5 !x 2 1 f 21(x) 5 28. f (x) 5 !3x f 21(x) 5 13 x2 ; The
f 21(x)
x2 1 1; Domain of f 5 all real

numbers greater than or equal
to 1 5 range of f 21 ; Range of
f 5 all real numbers greater
than or equal to 0 5 domain
of f 21 ; f 21 is a function.
f (x) 5 (x 1 1)2 f 21(x) 5 31.
21 6 !x ; domain f 5 all
real numbers 5 range f 21 ;
range f 5 all nonnegative
real numbers 5 domain f 21 ;
f 21 is not a function.
domain and range of f and f 21

is the set of all real numbers
greater than or equal to 0; f 21
is a function.
f (x) 5
1
!x
f 21(x) 5 12 ; the domain and

x
range of f and f 21 is the set of
all positive real numbers; f 21
is a function.
32. The equation f (x) 5 198,900x 1 635,600 can be used to model the number of
utility trucks under 6000 pounds that are sold each year in the U.S. with x 5 0
representing the year 1992. Find the inverse of the function. Use the inverse to
estimate in which year the number of utility trucks under 6000 pounds sold in
the U.S. will be 6,000,000. Source: www.infoplease.com
f 21(x) 5
x 2 635,600
198,900
in 2019
33. The formula s 5 0.04n 1 2500 gives an employees monthly salary s, in
dollars, after selling n dollars in merchandise at an appliance store.

a. Find the inverse of the function. Is the inverse a function? n 5 25s 2 62,500; yes
b. Use the inverse to find the amount of merchandise sold if the employees
salary was $2820 last month. $8000
34. The formula for the surface area A of a sphere of radius r is A 5 4pr2 for r $ 0.
A
a. Find the inverse of the formula. Is the inverse a function? r 5 "4p
; yes
b. Use the inverse to find the radius of a sphere with surface area 10,000 m3. 28.2 m
Let f (x) 5 2x 1 5. Find each value.

35. ( f 21 + f )(21) 21
36. ( f + f 21)(3) 3
1
1
37. ( f + f 21) Q 22 R 22

64
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-7
Form K
Find the inverse of each relation. Graph the given relation and its inverse.
1.
2.
21
22
2
3
x
21
1
3
5
3.
23
22
21
19
y
0
1
2
3
x
7
3
7
19
4
2
O
x
2
y
22
0
2
4
15
x
2
2
2
2
10
5
O
x
5 10 15
4 y
y
23
22
21
0
4 2 O
2
4
Find the inverse of each function. Is the inverse a function? To start, switch
x and y.
x
4. y 5 2
y
x 5 2 y 5 2x; yes
5. y 5 x2 1 4
6. y 5 (3x 2 4)2
y 5 w!x 2 4; no
y5w
!x 1 4
;
3
no

8. y 5 2x2
7. y 5 3x 2 4
4 y
4 y
2
4 2 O
2
4
9. y 5 (3 2 2x)2
x
2
2
2
2
y
6
O
2
x
4
4
2
O

65
6 x
x
4
Name
Class
6-7
Date
Form K

10. f (x) 5 (x 1 1)2
y 5 w!x 2 1; no
2x3
11. f (x) 5 5
12. f (x) 5 !3x 1 4
y 5 352 x; yes
y5
(x 2 4) 2
;
3
yes
13. Multiple Choice What is the inverse of y 5 5x 2 1? B
f 21(x) 5 5x 1 1
f 21(x) 5
x11
5
f 21(x) 5 5 1 1
f 21(x) 5 5 2 1
For each function, find its inverse and the domain and range of the function and
its inverse. Determine whether the inverse is a function.
14. f (x) 5 !x 1 1
15. f (x) 5 10 2 3x
16. f (x) 5 4x2 1 25
10
1
21
2
21
!x 2 25
f (x) 5 x 2 1; domain
f (x) 5 23 x 1 3 ; domain
f21(x) 5 w
; domain
2
f(x): x L 21, range
f(x):
all
real
numbers;
range
f(x):
all
real
numbers;
f(x): y L 0; domain f 21 :
range f(x): y L 25; domain
f(x): all real numbers;
x L 0, range f 21 : y L 21;
21 : all real
domain
f
f 21: x L 25; range f 21 : all
the inverse is a function.
numbers; range f 21 : all real
real numbers; the inverse is
numbers; the inverse is a
not a function.
function.
17. The formula for the area of a circle is A 5 pr2 .
a. Find the inverse of the formula. Is the inverse a function? r 5 A
p ; yes
b. Use the inverse to find the radius of a circle that has an area of 82 in.2. about 5.1 in.
For Exercises 1820, f (x) 5 5x 1 11. Find each value. To start, rewrite f (x)
as y and switch x and y.
18. A f f 21 B(5)
19. A f 21 f B(23)
y 5 5x 1 11 5
20. A f 21 f B(0)
23

66
Name
Class
6-7
Date

Multiple Choice
1. What is the inverse of the relation?
x
y
22 21
3
1 21 22
22 21
0 21 22
22 21
22 21
22 21
2
2 1
3 1
1 21 22
2. What is the inverse of the function? y 5 5(x 2 3) G
y5
x13
5
y 5 15 x 1 3
y 5 5(x 1 3)
y 5 15 x 2 3
3. What function with domain x $ 5 is the inverse of y 5 !x 1 5? C
y 5 x2 1 5
y 5 x2 2 5
y 5 (x 2 5)2
y 5 (x 1 5)2
4. What is the domain and range of the inverse of the function? y 5 !x 2 5 F
domain is the set of all real numbers $ 0; range is the set of all real numbers $ 5
domain is the set of all real numbers $ 5; range is the set of all real numbers $ 0
domain and range is the set of all real numbers $ 5
domain and range is the set of all real numbers
Extended Response
5. A high school principal uses the formula y 5 150x 1 180 to predict a
students score on a state achievement test using the students 11th-grade GPA
number x.
a. What is the inverse of the formula?
b. Is the inverse a function?
c. Using the inverse, what GPA does a student need to get a passing score of
510 on the state exam?
1
1
[4] a. y 5 150
(x 2 180) or y 5 150
x 2 65 b. yes c. 2.2 [3] most work is correct but
there are minor errors [2] student understands the problem and shows some
correct work [1] student may understand the problem but doesnt know how to
proceed OR correct answers without work shown [0] no answers given

67
Name
6-7
Class
Date
Enrichment
Composition, Inverses, and Linear Functions

Solving an equation for one variable in terms of another is an important step in
finding inverses. This step is also used in conversion formulas.
Consider the following linear functions. Let F denote the temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit, C the temperature in degrees Celsius, and K the temperature in
degrees Kelvin. The formula for converting degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius
is C 5 59 (F 2 32), and the formula for converting degrees Celsius to degrees
Kelvin is K 5 C 1 273.
1. Use composition to determine the formula for converting degrees Fahrenheit
to degrees Kelvin. K 5 5(F 2 32) 1 273

9
2. Solve this function for F. F 5 95 (K 2 273) 1 32
3. This new equation converts degrees
Kelvin
to degrees Fahrenheit .
9
4. Derive a formula to convert degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit. F 5 5C 1 32
5. Derive a formula to convert degrees Kelvin to degrees Celsius. C 5 K 2 273

6. Compose these two functions to find a formula for converting degrees Kelvin
to degrees Fahrenheit. F 5 95 (K 2 273) 1 32
Solve each of the following problems involving functions.

7. In 1940, the cost of a new house was $10,000. By 1980, this cost had risen to
$90,000. Assuming that the increase is linear, find a function expressing the cost
c of a new house in terms of the year y. Solve this function for y. What does this
new function enable you to do? c 2 10,000
c 5 10,000 1 2000( y 2 1940); y 5 2000

1 1940; nd the year given the cost of a house
8. Between the ages of 5 and 15, a typical child grows at a fixed annual rate. If Mary
was 42 in. in height when she was 5 yr old and grew at a rate of 2 in. a year, find
a formula that expresses Marys height h in inches when her age is a years. Solve
this function for a. What does this new function enable you to do?
h 5 2(a 2 5) 1 42; a 5 h 22 42 1 5; compute Marys age given her height

9. The air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, surrounding an airplane on one
1
particular day was modeled by T 5 2200
a 1 110, where a is the altitude, in feet,
of the airplane. Solve this function for a. What does this new function enable you
to do?
a 5 200(2T 1 110); nd the altitude of the airplane given the temperature

10. The formula L 5 0.25W 1 0.5 models the length of a certain spring, in inches,
when a weight of W ounces is attached to it. Solve this function for W. What does
this new function enable you to do?
2 0.5
W 5 L 0.25
; nd the weight attached to the spring given the length of the stretched
spring

68
Name
Class
Date
Reteaching
6-7
Inverse operations undo each other. Addition and subtraction are

inverse operations. So are multiplication and division. The inverse of
cubing a number is taking its cube root.
If two functions are inverses, they consist of inverse operations performed

in the opposite order.
Problem
What is the inverse of the relation described by f (x) 5 x 1 1?

f (x) 5 x 1 1
y5x11
Rewrite the equation using y, if necessary.
x5y11
Interchange x and y.
x215y
Solve for y.
y5x21
The resulting function is the inverse of the original function.
So, f 21 (x) 5 x 2 1.
Exercises
Find the inverse of each function.
2. y 5 3x3 1 2
1. y 5 4x 2 5
f 21 5
x 1 5
4
f 21 5
4. y 5 0.5x 1 2
f 21
5 2x 2 4
x
7. f (x) 5 5
f 21(x) 5 5x
3. y 5 (x 1 1)3
3
2
"x 2
3
f 21 5 "x 2 1
5. f (x) 5 x 1 3
f 21(x) 5 x 2 3
6. f (x) 5 2(x 2 2)
8. f (x) 5 4x 1 2
9. y 5 x
f 21(x)
4
f 21(x) 5 x 1
2
x22
4
5
x21
10. y 5 x 2 3
11. y 5 2
f 21 5 x 1 3
f 21 5 2x 1 1
2
13. f (x) 5 !x 1 2
14. f (x) 5 3 x 2 1
f 21(x) 5 32(x 1 1)
f21 (x) 5 x2 2 2 for x L 22
16. f (x) 5 2(x 2 5)2
f 21(x)
556
"x2
17. y 5 !x 1 4
f 21
5 (x 2
4)2
f 21 5 x
12. y 5 x3 2 8
3
f 21 5 "x 1 8
x13
5
f 21(x) 5 5x 2 3
15. f (x) 5
18. y 5 8x 1 1
for x L 0
1
f 21 5 x 2
8

69
Name
6-7
Class
Date
Examine the graphs of f (x) 5 !x 2 2 and its inverse,

f 21(x) 5 x2 1 2, at the right.
6
5
4
3
2
1
Notice that the range of f and the domain of f 21 are the same:
the set of all real numbers x $ 0.
Similarly, the domain of f and the range of f 21 are the same:
the set of all real numbers x $ 2.
f 1
f
x
1 2 3 4 5 6
This inverse relationship is true for all relations whenever both f and
f 21 are defined.
Problem
What are the domain and range of the inverse of the function f (x) 5 !3 2 x?
f is defined for 3 2 x $ 0 or x # 3.
Therefore, the domain of f and the range of f 21 is the set of all x # 3.
The range of f is the set of all x $ 0. So, the domain of f 21 is the set
of all x $ 0.
6
5
4
3
2
1
23 22 21 O
Exercises
x
1 2 3
Name the domain and range of the inverse of the function.

1
19. y 5 2x 2 1
20. y 5 2 2 x
The domain and the range is
domain: x u 2;
the set of all real numbers.
range: y u 0
21. y 5 !x 1 5
domain: x L 0;
range: y L 25
22. y 5 !2x 1 8
domain: x L 8;
range: y K 0
23. y 5 3 !x 1 2
domain: x L 2;
range: y L 0
24. y 5 (x 2 6)2
domain: x L 0;
range: all real numbers
25. y 5 x2 2 6
1
26. y 5 x 1 4
27. y 5
domain: x L 26;
domain: x u 0;
range: y u 24
1
(x 1 4)2
domain: x S 0;
range: y u 24

70
Name
6-8
Class
Date

Graphing Radical Functions
1. Circle the radical functions in the group below.
y 5 2(x 1 5) 2 3
y 5 22 !x 2 4
y5x24
3
y5 !
x18
2. Circle the square root functions in the group below.

3
y5 !
x22
y 5 !x 1 4
y 5 2 !x 2 3
y 5 3(x 1 6)
For Exercises 38, draw a line from each word or phrase in Column A to its
matching item in Column B.
Column A
Column B
3. parent function
A. y 5 !x 2 k
4. translate k units downward
B. y 5 2!x
5. stretch vertically by the factor k (k . 1)
C. y 5 !x 2 k
6. translate k units upward
D. y 5 !x
7. reflection in x-axis
E. y 5 k !x
8. translate k units to the right
F. y 5 !x 1 k
Identify the meaning of the following terms in the function y 5 2!x 2 4 1 5.

9. 2:
Stretch vertically by a factor of 2
10. 4:
Translate 4 units to the right
11. 5:
Translate 5 units upward

71
Name
6-8
Class
Date
Think About a Plan

Electronics The size of a computer monitor is given as the length of the screens
5
diagonal d in inches. The equation d 5 6 !3A models the length of a diagonal
of a monitor screen with area A in square inches.
a. Graph the equation on your calculator.
b. Suppose you want to buy a new monitor that has twice the area of your old
monitor. Your old monitor has a diagonal of 15 inches. What will be the
diagonal of your new monitor?
1. How can you use a graph to approximate the area of the old monitor?
Graph the equation and graph y 5 15. The x-coordinate of their intersection will be
the area of the old monitor
2. Graph the equation on your calculator. Make a sketch of the
graph.
d
40
30
3. What is the area of the old monitor? 108 in.2
4. How can you check your answer algebraically?
20
10
0
100 200 300 400
Substitute 15 for d and solve the equation for A
5. Show that your answer checks.

15 5 56"3A, 15 Q 65 R 5 "3A, 18 5 "3A, 182 5 3A, 324 5 3A, A 5 108
6. How can you find the diagonal of a new monitor with twice the area of the old
monitor?
Substitute 2 times the area of the old monitor for A in the equation
7. Use your method to find the diagonal of your new monitor.

d55
"3A 5 56"3 ? 2 ? 108 5 56"648 N 21.2 in.
6
8. What will be the diagonal of your new monitor? about 21.2 in.

72
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-8
Form G
Graph each function.

1. y 5 !x 1 3
2. y 5 !x 2 1
8 y
6
4
2
6 y
2
x
4. y 5 !x 2 3
O
2
6
4
8
x
4 6 8
4 6
1
6. y 5 4 !x 2 1 1 5
4 2 O
2
5. y 5 22 !x 2 2
6 y
x
2 4 6 8
O
2
3. y 5 !x 1 5
6 y
8
6
4
2
x
2 4 6 8
Solve each square root equation by graphing. Round the answer to the nearest
hundredth, if necessary. If there is no solution, explain why.
7. !x 1 6 5 9 75
no solution; 32
9. !3x 2 5 5 !1 2 x is extraneous
8. !4x 2 3 5 5 7
A
10. If you know the area A of a circle, you can use the equation r 5
to find
p
the radius r.
a. Graph the equation.
b. What is the radius of a circle with an area of 350 ft2? about 10.6 ft
12
8
4
A

3
O
2
13. y 5 !x 1 3 2 1
2
2
2
2

73
100
2
2
12. y 5 2 !x 2 3
11. y 5 2!x 1 2
O
2
2 x
200
300
Name
6-8
Class
Date
Form G
Rewrite each function to make it easy to graph using transformations of its

parent function. Describe the graph.
14. y 5 !81x 1 162
15. y 5 2!4x 1 20
y 5 9 !x 1 2; graph of
y 5 9 !x shifted left 2
units
17. y 5 2!64x 1 192
y 5 22 !x 1 5; graph of
units
3
18. y 5 2!8x 2 56 1 4
y 5 28 !x 1 3; graph of
units
20. y 5 !0.25x 1 1
16. y 5 !125x 2 250

3
y 5 5 !x
2 2; graph of
3
y 5 5 !x
shifted right
2 units
19. y 5 !25x 1 75 2 1
y 5 5 !x 1 3 2 1 ; graph of
y 5 5 !x shifted left 3 units
y 5 22 !x32 7 1 4 ; graph
of y 5 22 !x shifted right
7 units and up 4 units
21. y 5 5 2 !4x 1 2
y 5 0.5 !x 1 4; graph of
y 5 0.5 !x shifted left 4
units
y 5 5 2 2"x 1 12; graph

of y 5 22 !x shifted left 12
unit and up 5 units
and down 1 unit

3
22. y 5 !27x 2 54
3
y 5 3 !x
2 2; graph of
3
y 5 3 !x
shifted right
2 units
3 3V
23. To find the radius r of a sphere of volume V, use the equation r 5 4p .
b. A balloon used for advertising special events has a volume of 225 ft3.
What is the radius of the balloon? 3.77 ft
24. An exercise specialist has studied your exercise routine and says the
formula t 5 1.85 !c 1 10 expresses the amount of time t, in minutes,

it takes you to burn c calories (cal) while exercising.
b. According to this formula, how long should it take you to burn
100 cal? 200 cal? 300 cal? 19.4 min, 26.8 min, 32.6 min
25. You can use the equation t 5
1
4 !d
to find the time t, in seconds,

it takes an object to fall d feet after being dropped.
b. How long does it take the object to fall 400 feet? 5 s

74
5
4
3
2
1
V
O 100 300 500
50
40
30
20
10
O 100
10 t
8
6
4
2
O 200
c
400
d
800
Name
Class
Date
Practice
6-8
Form K

1. y 5 !x 1 3
6
2. y 5 !x 2 4
3. y 5 !x 2 7
y
O
2
x
2
4
6

4. y 5 4 !x
6
5. y 5 22 !x 1 1
O
2
x
2
4 y
2
O
2
6. y 5 5 !x 2 4
x
2
Solve each square root equation by graphing. Round the answer to the nearest
hundredth, if necessary. If there is no solution, explain why.
7. !x 1 2 5 7 47
8
6
4
2
O
8. !4x 1 1 5 5 6
6
9. 3 !3 2 x 5 10 28.11
y
y
9
4
x
10 20 30 40
2
O
x
2
10. A periscope on a submarine is at a height h, in feet, above the surface of the water. The
greatest distance d, in miles, that can be seen from the periscope on a clear day is given
3h
by d 5 2 .
a. If a ship is 3 miles from the submarine, at what height above the water would the
submarine have to raise its periscope in order to see the ship? 6 ft
b. If a ship is 1.5 miles from the submarine, to what height would it have to be raised? 1.5 ft

75
Name
Class
Date
6-8
Form K
3
Graph each function. To start, graph the parent function, y 5 !
x.
3
1 3
13. y 5 2 !x 2 1 1 3
12. y 5 3 2 !x 1 1
y
6
y
6
11. y 5 !x 2 4
2
2
4
6
14. A center-pivot irrigation system can water from 1 to 130 acres of crop land.
The length l in feet of rotating pipe needed to irrigate A acres is given by

the function l 5 117.75!A.
a. Graph the equation on your calculator. Make a sketch of the graph.
b. What length of pipe is needed to irrigate 40, 80, and 130 acres?
744.7 ft, 1053.2 ft, 1342.6 ft
300
200
100
4 2 O
Graph each function. Find the domain and range.

3
15. y 5 2 !x 2 4
16. y 5 2!8x 1 5
y
4 y
2
O
12
8
4
x
2
2 O
8
domain: all real numbers;

domain: all real numbers;

17. y 5 23 !x 2 4 2 3
y
4
2 O
4 2 2
4
6
8
x
6 8
domain: x L 4; range:
y K 23
18. Open Ended Write a cube root function in which the vertical translation of
3
y5 !
x is twice the horizontal translation. Answers may vary. Any cube root
3
function in the form y 5 a !x 2 h 1 k where k 5 2h.

76
x
2
Name
Class
Date
6-8
Multiple Choice
1. What is the graph of y 5 !x 1 4? C
8
6
4
x
42 O
2 4
8
6
4
2
O
x
2 4 6 8
8
6
4
2
8
6
4
x
42 O
2 4 6 8
2 4
2. What is the graph of y 5 !x 2 3 2 2? F

y
y
4
2
1
O
8x
2 4
2
3
2 4 x
2
4
6
4
2
O
y
x
2 4 6 8
8
6
4
2
O
x
2 4 6 8
3
3. What is the graph of y 5 1 2 !x 1 3? D
4
642
2
4
y
x
O
4
2
42
2
4
y
x
2 4
4
2
8642 O x
4
4
2
642
2
4
4. What is the description of y 5 !9x 2 3 to make it easy to graph using

transformations of its parent function? G
the graph of y 5 3 !x, shifted right 3 units

the graph of y 5 3 !x, shifted right 13 unit
the graph of y 5 !x, shifted right 3 units and up 9 units
the graph of y 5 !x, shifted right 13 unit and up 9 units
6 y
4
Short Response
5. What is the graph of y 5 2 !x 2 1 1 3?
[2] The graph is correct.

[1] One of the transformations (horizontal, vertical, or stretch) is incorrect.
[0] no answer given
77
x
2
Name
Class
Date
Enrichment
6-8
Transformations of Other Functions

You can obtain the graph of any function of the form y 5 a ? f(x 2 h) 1 k
by using the shifting rules similar to those used to obtain the graph of
y 5 a!x 2 h 1 k. Note that the second function is a special case of the first
when f(x) 5 !x. To obtain the graph of y 5 a ? f(x 2 h) 1 k, given the graph of
y 5 f(x), use the following general rules:
If a , 0, reflect the graph of y 5 f(x) across the x-axis.
If ua u . 1, the graph of y 5 f(x) is stretched by a factor of a.
If 0 , ua u , 1, the graph of y 5 f(x) is compressed by a factor of a.
The graph of y 5 f(x) is shifted right h units if h . 0 and left h units if h , 0.
The graph of y 5 f(x) is shifted up k units if k . 0 and down k units if k , 0.
1. Use the general rules to describe how the graph of y 5 23(x 2 5)2 1 7 can
be obtained from the graph of f(x) 5 x2 .

reect across the x-axis, stretch by a factor of 3, shift right 5 units and shift
up 7 units
3
2. Write the equation for the graph that looks like y 5 !x but that is shifted
right four units, reflected across the x-axis, and shifted down six units.
3
y 5 2!x 2 4 2 6
3. Use the graph of y 5 f(x) given below to sketch the graph of y 5 f(x 1 2) 2 1.
y
6
4
2
y f (x)
x
4
6 4 2 O
y
4
x
2 4 6
4
6
x
O
4. The graph of y 5 f(x) and y 5 g(x) is given below. The graph of g is a transformation of
the graph of f. Write the equation for the graph of g in terms of f. g(x) 5 f(x 1 1) 23
y
f
O
2
2
2
g

78
Name
Class
6-8
Date
Reteaching
The graph of y 5 a!x 2 h 1 k is a translation h units horizontally and k units

vertically of y 5 a!x. The value of a determines a vertical stretch or compression
of y 5 !x.
Problem
6
What is the graph of y 5 2 !x 2 5 1 3?
y 5 2 !x 2 5 1 3
2
x
a52
h55 k53
Translate the graph of y 5 2 !x right five units and up three units. The graph of
y 5 2 !x looks like the graph of y 5 !x with a vertical stretch by a factor of 2.
Exercises
1. y 5 !x 2 4 1 1 4 y
2. y 5 !x 2 4
2
O
3. y 5 !x 1 1
5. y 5 2 !x 2 1
7. y 5 2!x 1 1
6. y 5 22 !x 1 3 1 4
y
2
2 y
8. y 5 !x 1 3 2 4
y
4 2 O
2
4
6 y
10. y 5 2!x 2 2
4
2
O
4 2 O
O
2
9. y 5 3 !x 1 2
6 y
4
2 O
2
4 2 O
2
4. y 5 2!x 1 2 2 3
x
2 O
2
2 O
2
x
6

79
Name
6-8
Class
Date
Graphs can be used to find solutions of equations containing radical expressions.

Problem
What is the minimum braking distance of a bicycle with a speed of 22 mph?

You can find the minimum braking distance d, in feet, of a bicycle travelling s
miles per hour using the equation s 5 5.5 !d 1 0.002 .
We want to find the value of d when s 5 22. In other words, solve the equation
5.5 !d 1 0.002 5 22. Graph Y1=5.5(X+0.002) and Y2=22. Try different values
until you find an appropriate window. Then use the intersect feature to find
the coordinates of the point of intersection.
Intersection
x 15.998 Y 22
The minimum braking distance will be about 16 ft.
Exercises
Solve the equation by graphing. Round the answer to the nearest hundredth, if
necessary. If there is no solution, explain why.
11. !3x 1 1 5 5 8
12. !4x 1 1 5 9 20
13. !2 2 5x 5 4 22.8
14. !3x 1 5 5 7 14.67
15. !7x 1 2 5 11 17
16. !2x 2 1 5 !1 2 2x 0.5
17. !x 2 2 5 !2 2 3x no solution; x 5 1
is extraneous
18. 7!x 2 3 5 2!2x 1 1 3.68
19. !2x 2 5 5 !4 2 x 3
20. !2x 1 7 5 3!5x 1 2 20.26

80
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Quiz 1
Form G
Lessons 6-1 through 6-4

Do you know HOW?
Find all the real roots.
1. !36 26, 6
8
4. 3 2
125
2. !0.25 20.5, 0.5
3. !264 24
225
2
6. "49x4 7x
5. "25y2 5|y|
2
3
8. " 20.125y6 0.5y
3
3
7. " 28x9 22x

2 2
9. 9x2 2 4 5 0 23, 3
10. x4 5 0.0016 20.2, 0.2
Multiply or divide and simplify. Assume that all variables are positive.
11. 2 !2x ?
3
"
4xy7
"18xy2 12xy
12. 3
"32x4y4
y
2x
Simplify. Rationalize all denominators.

13. 3 !180 1 !45 2 8 !20 5 !5
14.
5 1 !3
2 2 !3
13 1 7 !3

2
15. (2125)3 25
17. 320.6 8
16. 814 27
18. 491.5 343
Do you UNDERSTAND?
19. Geometry What is the perimeter of the triangle at the right?
27 2 !2
7
3 V2
3 V2
20. Reasoning Solve. !75 1 !3x 5 12 !3 49

81
5
3 V2
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Quiz 2
Form G
Lessons 6-5 through 6-8

Do you know HOW?
1. !x 2 2 5 x 2 8 11
2. !x 1 4 5 !3x 2 2 3
Let f (x) 5 x2 2 x 2 12 and g (x) 5 x 2 4. Perform each function operation

and then find the domain.
3. f (x) 2 2g(x) x2 2 3x 2 4; all real numbers 4. f (x) ? g (x) x3 2 5x2 2 8x 1 48; all
real numbers
f (x)
g (x)
1
x 1 3; x u 4
5.
6.
g (x)
f (x) x 1 3; x u 4 and x u 23
Let f (x) 5 2x 2 5 and g (x) 5 x2 . Find each composition.

7. ( f + g)(x) 2x2 2 5
8. (g + f )(x) 4x2 2 20x 1 25

x
3
9. g(x) 5 "2 2 3 g21(x) 5 2x2 1 6, x L 6; 10. h(x) 5 5 2 x3 h21(x) 5 !
5 2 x; yes
yes
Graph. Find the domain and range of each function.

11. y 5 2 2 !x
12. y 5 !x 2 1 1 1
6 y
4
domain: x L 0,
range: y K 2
2
O
domain: x L 1,
range: y L 1
x
2
6 y
2
O
x
2
Do you UNDERSTAND?
13. Writing Explain why it is not true that !22 ? !22 5 !4, even though
(22) ? (22) 5 4.
Answers may vary. Sample:
!22 ? !22 5 i!2 ? i!2 5 i2(!2)2 5 (21)(2) 5 22 u !4
14. Reasoning Suppose the cost of an item is x dollars. It is marked up by n% and,
later, that new cost is reduced by n%. Is the final cost equal to x dollars? Use a
composition of functions to justify your answer.
No; answers will vary. Sample: Let n 5 20, then f(x) 5 1.2x and g(x) 5 0.8x and
(g f)(x) 5 0.8(1.2x) 5 0.96x.

82
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Test
Form G
Do you know HOW?

1. "400x2y6 20xy3
3
4. " 64a6b2
4a2 "b2
2. " 2125a9 25a3
4
3. " 81x5y9 3xy2 "xy
5. "50s2t4 5st2 !2
6. "256x16y28 16x8y14
Simplify each expression. Rationalize all denominators. Assume that all

variables are positive.
7.
"200x3y
"2xy5
8. Q 8 2 3 !2 R Q 8 1 3 !2 R 46
10x
y2
10. "8x3 ? "2x5 4x4

13.
2
22 1 2 !2
1 1 !2
9.
1
!3 1 5
5 2 !3
22
3
3
!2 1 1 !4
1 !2
11. !63 1 2 !28 2 5 !7 2 !7 12.
3
2
!4
4
!5 !20
14. 4
2
!4
15. !15 Q 1 2 !45 R !15 2 15 !3

16.
16x5y10
Q 81xy2 R
19. Q 4x22y4 R
3
4
8x3y6
27
1
22
17. (264)23 16
x
2y2
20. Q 8ab2 R
22
18. a3 ? a2 a6
1
Q 8ab2 R 2 1
2 1
1 1
9 5
21. Q s5 t3 R Q s2 t2 R s10t6
Solve each equation. Check for extraneous solutions.

3
22. !x 2 3 5 1 4
1
25. (2x 1 1)3 5 3 13
23. !x 1 7 5 x 1 1 2
24. !3x 2 8 5 2 4
26. "x2 2 5 5 4 w"21
27. 3(x 1 1)3 5 48 29, 7
Let f(x) 5 x2 1 5 and g(x) 5 x 2 7. Perform each function operation and then
find the domain.
2
f (x) x 1 5 ; all real
x
27
28.
g (x) numbers except 7
29. f (x) 2 2g (x) x2 2 2x 1 19; 30. f (x) ? g(x)

all real numbers x3 2 7x2 1 5x 2 35;
all real numbers
For each pair of functions, find (f + g)(x) and (g + f )(x).
31. f(x) 5 3x 1 5, g(x) 5 x2 1 1
32. f(x) 5 x2 2 5x 1 2, g(x) 5 2x
3x2 1 8; 9x2 1 30x 1 26
4x2 2 10x 1 2; 2x2 2 10x 1 4
33. f(x) 5 !2x 2 1, g(x) 5 5x 1 3

!10x 1 5; 5 !2x 2 1 1 3
34. f(x) 5 22x2, g(x) 5 x 1 4

22x2 2 16x 2 32; 22x2 1 4
Let f(x) 5 5x 2 4 and g(x) 5 x2 2 1. Find each value.

35. (g + f )(21) 80
36. (f + g)(2) 11
37. (g + f )(0) 15
38. f(g(!6)) 21
39. f(g(0)) 29
4
40. g Q f Q 5 R R 21

83
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Test (continued)
Form G

43. f(x) 5 !x 1 4
f21(x) 5 x2 2 4, x L 24; yes
41. f(x) 5 (x 1 2)2 2 4

42. f(x) 5 4x3 2 1
21
3
1
f (x) 5 w!x 1 4 2 2; no
f21(x) 5 %x 1
4 ; yes
2
44. f(x) 5 3x 1 2
45. f(x) 5 x 2 5
2
f21(x) 5 x 2
3 ; yes
46. f(x) 5 !x 1 2
f21(x) 5 x3 2 2; yes
f21(x) 5 w!x 1 5; no
Graph. Find the domain and range of each function.

1
47. y 5 !x 2 1 1 2 48. y 5 2!x 1 3 2 1 49. y 5 2 !x 1 3 50. y 5 2!x 1 4 2 1
domain: x L 24;
domain: x L 1;
domain: x L 23;
domain: x L 0;
range: y K 21
range: y L 2
range: y K 21
range: y L 3
4
2
O
4 2 O
2
x
2
4
yx
x
2
4 2 O
2
4
Rewrite each function to make it easy to graph using transformations. Describe the graph.
3
51. y 5 !9x 2 63 1 4
y 5 3 !x 2 7 1 4; graph of y 5 3 !x
shifted right 7 units and up 4 units
52. y 5 !8x 2 64 2 5
3
53. y 5 !227x 2 27 1 4
3
y 5 2 !x 2 8 2 5; graph of y 5 2 !x
shifted right 8 units and down 5 units
54. y 5 !16x 2 32
y 5 4 !x 2 2; graph of y 5 !x shifted
right 2 units
y 5 23 !x 1 1 1 4; graph of y 5 23 !x
shifted left 1 units and up 4 units
55. The childrens park has become very popular since your club built new play
equipment. Use the equation f 5 4!A to calculate the amount of fence f you
need to buy based on the area A of the playground.

a. The park currently has an area of 8100 ft2. How many feet of fencing
currently encloses the park? 360 ft
b. Suppose you want to increase the fenced play area to four times its current
area. If you can reuse the fencing already at the park, how much new
fencing do you need to buy? 360 ft
Do you UNDERSTAND?
1
56. Writing Explain under what circumstances 2xn 5 (2x)n and provide an
1
1
example to justify your answer. n is an odd integer; answers may vary. Sample: 283 5 22 5 (28)3
3
57. Reasoning Graph y 5 !x and y 5 !x on the same coordinate grid. Notice

3
that for 0 , x , 1, the graph of y 5 !x lies below the graph of y 5 !
x but
the opposite is true for x . 1. Explain why this is the case. Give an example.
1
Answers may vary. Sample: xn grows more rapidly (that is, as n increases) for
1
1
x R 1 and grows more slowly for x S 1; for example, 64
5 18 R 14 5 364
but
3
!64 5 8 S 4 5 !64.

84
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Quiz 1
Form K
Lessons 61 through 64
Do you know HOW?
Find each real root.
1. !49
7
2. !0.36
0.6
3. !2125
5

3
4. "600x6y3
10x3y !6y
5. " 54xy5
6. " 64x4y8
4
2xy2 !4
3y "2xy2
Divide and simplify.

7.
"20x3
"5x
2x
8.
"56x4y
9.
"7x3y
3
2 !x
"32a7b2
"2a3b
4a2 !b
Simplify.
10. !7 1 3 !7
4 !7
11. !18 1 !32

7 !2
12. 2 !24 2 !81

3
!3

3
13. x3
15. x1.5
14. x4
4
x"x
"x 3
!x

3
16. " 4x2

Q4x2R
18. "65x4y
17. !5ab
1
3
1
(5ab) 2
x 2(65y) 2
Do you UNDERSTAND?
19. Writing Explain when absolute value symbols are needed when you are
n
simplifying radical expressions. For radicals in the form "a m , if the index is even,
use absolute value symbols. If the index is odd, you dont need absolute value
symbols for any terms.
20. An object is moving at a speed of A5 2 !3B mi/h. How long will it take the
object to travel 35 mi?

175 1 35 !3
22
h
85
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Quiz 2
Form K
Lessons 65 through 68
Do you know HOW?
1. 4 !x 2 2 5 2 x 5 1
2. !x 1 5 5 4 x 5 11
3. !5x 2 1 1 3 5 x x 5 10
4. !2 2 x 2 x 5 4 x 5 22
Let f (x) 5 x2 2 x and g (x) 5 2x 2 2 . Perform each function operation and

f
f
x
5. (f 1 g)(x) (f 1 g)(x) 5 x2 2 x 2 2;
6. a g b (x) a g b (x)5 2 ; all real numbers
except x 5 21
all real numbers

3
8. y 5 (x 2 2)3 1 1 y 5 !x 2 1 1 2; yes
7. y 5 x2 2 3 y 5 6 "x 1 3 ; no

2
9. y 5 3 !x
4
2
O
domain: x L 0
range: y L 0
10. y 5 2!8x 1 5
4
2
2 4 6
2 O
domain: all real numbers

Do you UNDERSTAND?
11. Multiple Choice The graph of y 5 2!x is shifted 4 units up and 3 units
right. Which equation represents the new graph? B
y 5 2!x 2 4 1 3
y 5 2!x 1 3 1 4
y 5 2!x 2 3 1 4
y 5 2!x 1 4 1 3
12. Writing Explain the relationship between the domain of a function and the
range of the functions inverse. They are equal
13. A spherical water tank holds 6000 ft3 of water. What is the diameter of the tank
p
to the nearest tenth of a foot? (Hint: V 5 6 d3 ) 22.5 ft

86
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Test
Form K
Do you know HOW?

3
1. "49x2y10
7xy5
2. " 264y9
24y3
3. " 243x15
3x3
5. "7x3 ? "14x
7x2 !2
6. 3" 4x3 ? " 8xy5
Multiply and simplify.

3
4. " 15 3 " 18
3
3 !10
Rationalize each denominator. Simplify your answer.

!x !5x
1 !3
7.
8.
5
!3 3
!5
6xy !2y
3
!
4
!2x
!2x2
x
9. 3
Multiply.
10. (7 1 !5)(1 1 !5)
12 1 8"5
11. (6 1 !10)2
46 1 2"10
12. (5 1 !3)(2 2 !3)

7 2 3 !3

2
14. 251.5 125
13. 273 9
15. 2 4
!8
Write each expression in simplest form.

3
16. ax2 b
22
1
x3
3 3
17. Q x 4 R
3 1 16 y 4
18. Q x 2 8y 4 R
x6
Solve.
19. !2x 1 1 5 5
x 5 12
20. (x 1 6) 4 5 8
x 5 10
21. Ax2 1 13B 2 5 7

x 5 6 and x 5 26

87
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Test (continued)
Form K
Let f (x) 5 "x 1 3 and g (x) 5 4 2 "x. Perform each function operation and
then find the domain.
22. ( f 2g) (x) (f 2 g)( x) 5 2"x 2 1;
23. ( f ? g)(x) (f ? g)( x) 5 "x 2 x 1 12;

all real numbers L 0
all real numbers L 0
Let f (x) 5 3x 1 1 and g (x) 5 x2 1 2. Find each value or expression.

24. ( f + g)(2) 19
25. (g + f )(23) 66

26. y 5 x 1 4
4
2
4 2 O
2
27. y 5 x2 2 2
yx4
4
2
yx4
4x
y x2 2
4 2 O
2
x
2
4 y x 2
4
Rewrite each function to make it easy to graph using transformations of its

parent function. Describe the graph.
3
28. y 5 "16x 2 32 y 5 4"x 2 2 ;
29. y 5 "8x 1 3
y 5 2" x 1 3;
3
vertical stretch of y 5 "x by a factor of
vertical stretch of y 5 " x by a factor of
4 and translation 2 units right
3 and translation 3 units up
Do you UNDERSTAND?
30. Error Analysis Explain the error in this simplification of radical expressions.
3
What is the correct simplification? !2 ? !
8 5 !2(8) 5 !16 5 4
The product property does not apply to different indexes; 2 !2
31. Reasoning Show that " x3 5 !x by rewriting " x3 in exponential form.

6
"x 3 5
3
x6
1
x2
5 !x
32. A store is having a sale with a 15% discount on all items. In addition, employees get a
$20 discount on purchases of $100 or greater. Will an employee get a better deal if
the $20 discount is applied first or if the 15% discount is applied first to their purchase
of $100? The employee will pay less if the 15% discount is applied rst.

88
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Performance Tasks
Give complete answers.

Task 1
a. Write a product of two square roots so that the answer, when simplified
is 12x3y2. Show how your product simplifies to give the correct answer.
b. Write a quotient of two cube roots so that the answer, when simplified, is
Show how your quotient simplifies to give the correct answer.
3a2
.
4b3
c. Write a product of the form Q a 1 !b R Q a 2 !b R so that the answer, when
simplified, is 59. Show how your product simplifies to give the correct answer.
[4] Check students work. All parts of Task completed correctly with work shown
OR used correct process with minor computational errors.
[3] Student found products and quotient correctly but followed through the
process incorrectly using incorrect simplication.
[2] Correct answer with no work shown OR student only able to complete part of
Task.
[1] Student understood that squaring, cubing or multiplying was involved but
was unable to correctly nd the products or quotient, or to simplify them.
[0] No attempt was made to solve this problem OR answer is incorrect with no
work shown
Task 2
a. Find a radical equation of the form !ax 1 b 5 x 1 c so that one solution is
extraneous. Show the steps in solving the equation.

b. Is there a value for h that makes it possible for the equation !x 1 h 1 5 5 0
to have any real number solutions? Explain.

c. Explain the relationship between the solutions to the equation
!x 2 3 2 2 5 0 and the graph of the function y 5 !x 2 3 2 2.

[4] Check students work. All parts of Task completed correctly with work shown
OR used correct process with minor computational errors.
[3] Student found parts (a) and (b) correctly but could not explain (c) OR could not
show steps in (a) OR could not explain (b).
Task.
[1] Student know to square each side of the equation, but could not complete the
solution.
work shown.

89
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Performance Tasks (continued)
Let f (x) 5 x2 1 x 2 12 and g(x) 5 x 2 2. Answer each of the

following questions.
Task 3
g(x)
x22
; all real numbers
a. Find f(x) and its domain. Explain how you determined the domain. 2
x 1 x 2 12
except 3 and 24
b. Find (g + f)(x) and (f + g)(x). Are they equal? x2 1 x 2 14; x2 2 3x 2 10; no
c. For what types of functions will (g + f)(x) and (f + g)(x) both equal x? Explain. when f and g are
[4] All parts of Task completed correctly with work shown OR used correct inverses
process with minor computational errors.
[3] Student found all parts correctly but could not explain (a) OR could not
explain (c) OR could not correctly nd the domain for (a).
Task.
[1] Student found part (a) but could not compose functions for parts (b) and (c).
work shown.
Give complete answers.

Task 4
a. Find the inverse of f(x) 5 !x 2 2 1 5. Show all steps in the process. What
is the domain of
f21 ? f 21(x) 5 (x 2 5)2 + 2; domain: x L 5
b. Choose a value for a and use the inverse to find Q f + f21 R (a) and
Q f21 + f R (a) for the value you chose. What can you conclude about
Q f + f21 R (a) and Q f21 + f R (a)? (f f21)(a) 5 (f 21 f)(a) 5 a
c. Graph f and
x
O
on the same axes. What relationships do you see between the

two graphs? The graphs are a reection of each other across the line y 5 x.
[4] All parts of Task completed correctly with work shown OR used correct process
with minor computational errors.
[3] Student found parts (a) and (b) correctly but could not describe the
relationships between the graphs OR could not draw conclusions in part (b).
Task.
[1] Student found the inverse of f(x) but could not draw conclusions in part (b)
and could not graph the functions.
work shown.
90
f1
f21
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Cumulative Review
Multiple Choice
1. What is an equation for this graph? B
y 5 (x 1 3)2 1 1
y 5 (x 2 1)2 2 3
y 5 (x 2 3)2 1 1
y 5 (x 2 1)2 1 3
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2. Simplify
3
42
. I
3
2
24
3. Solve the system. e
y 5 x2 2 3x 2 8
C
y5x14
(22, 2), (2, 210)
(22, 2), (6, 10)
(21, 24), (1, 5)
(2, 6), (6, 10)
4. Which of the following polynomials has roots 0, 1, and 2? G
p(x) 5 x2 1 x 1 2
p(x) 5 x3 2 2x 1 1
p(x) 5 x3 2 3x2 1 2x
p(x) 5 x2 1 2x
5. Complete the square. 3x2 2 2x 1
1
9
uB
1
3
6. Let f(t) 5 t2 1 5t 2 2 and h(t) 5 t2 2 2t 2 6. What is the function

for h(t) 1 f(t)? F
2t2 1 3t 2 8
4t2 1 t 2 8
22t2 1 3t 2 2
2t2 1 t 2 8
213 1 11i
215 2 2i
5 4 i !29
2
25 4 i !21
2
7. Simplify. (25 1 2i)(3 2 i) C
22 1 i
217 1 i
8. What is the solution to x2 2 5x 1 1 5 0? F
5 4 !21
2
25 4 !29
2
9. If h(x) 5 2x2 1 x 2 5 and g(x) 5 24x 2 1, what is the value of h(1) 2 g(3)? C
-15
-11
11

91
15
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Cumulative Review (continued)
10. Solve the system. e
y 5 2x2 1 x 1 12
G
y 5 x2 1 3x
(24, 4), (0, 12)
(23, 0), (0, 12)
(23, 0), (2, 10)
(21, 22), (0, 12)
11. Which of the following relations defines y as a function of x? C
x2 1 y2 5 6
6 2 2i
12. Simplify. 1 1 3i F
22i
y 5 4 !4 2 x
y 5 x2 2 3
x 5 y2
6 2 23i
6 8
5 1 5i
6 8
5 2 5i
Short Response
For Exercises 13 and 14, let f(x) 5 x2 1 2x 2 3 and g(x) 5 4x 2 1.
13. Simplify each expression.
a. g(x 1 2) 4x 1 7
b. f(x 1 2) x2 1 6x 1 5
6
14. Find each value.

a. (g + f )(0) 213
b. (f + g)(0) 24
2
O
x
6
10
2x2
y,
2 2x 1 3
15. Solve by graphing. e
2
y . x 2 x 2 12
16. To find the time t, in seconds, it takes an object to fall h meters, use the
h
equation t 5 4.9
. A croissant dropped from the top of the Eiffel Tower takes
8.13 s to reach the ground. How tall is the Eiffel Tower? 324 m

4
125a15b7 3 625a16b4
17. a
b
16
28a3b4
18. Q 4 2 5 !3 R Q 4 1 5 !3 R
259
Extended Response
19. Writing Explain how you can obtain the solutions to a system of equations by graphing.
19. [4] Answers may vary. Sample: Graph both equations on the same grid. If the graphs do
not intersect, then the system has no solution. If the graphs intersect in one or more points,
then the intersection point(s) are the solution(s) of the system. [3] Explanation shows
understanding of the concepts with some minor errors. [2] Explanation contains minor
errors. [1] Explanation contains major errors and lacks detail. [0] Explanation is missing.
20. Open-Ended Write the equation of a parabola with vertex at (22, 3).
20. [4] Answers may vary. Sample: f(x) 5 (x 1 2)2 1 3. [3] Equation has minor errors.
[2] Equation has major errors. [1] Equation is incomplete and the given answer has errors.
[0] Equation is missing.
92
TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS
Chapter 6 Project Teacher Notes: Swing Time
About the Project

The Chapter Project gives students an opportunity to conduct experiments
involving a real-world application of physics and mathematics. Students solve a
formula for a given variable to write the formula in a more useful form, then use
the formula to determine the periods of pendulums.
Introducing the Project

Ask students if they have ever used a pendulum, or a swing-like motion.
Remind them that the motion of a playground swing is similar to a
pendulums motion.
Have students speculate as to whether a homemade pendulum could
continue to swing forever, or if it would eventually stop swinging. Encourage
them to discuss what might cause a pendulum to stop swinging.
Activity 1: Constructing
Students use strings, coins, and binder clips to construct simple pendulums.
Activity 2: Investigating
Students perform experiments to time the swings of their pendulums and record
their observations in charts.
Activity 3: Analyzing
Students solve a formula for a given variable, then use the formula to find the
theoretical periods of their pendulums. They analyze their data and determine
why their experimental results might differ from their theoretical results.
Finishing the Project

You may wish to plan a project day on which students share their completed
projects. Encourage students to explain their processes as well as their results.
Have students review their data and their calculations of the periods.
Ask groups to share their insights that resulted from completing the project,
such as any shortcuts they found for using the formula or calculating the
periods.
SOURCES: Basic Physics: A Self-Teaching Guide, Second edition, p. 104, by Karl F. Kahn, 1996, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.;
Physics, p. 242, by John D. Cutnell and Kenneth W. Johnson, 1989, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

93
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Project: Swing Time
Beginning the Chapter Project

Galileo observed a swinging lantern and made an important discovery about
the timing of a pendulums swing. A Dutch man named Christiaan Huygens
discovered the relationship between the length of a pendulum and the time it
takes to make a complete swing, which led to the use of pendulums in clock
making.
You will construct pendulums using strings and weights and use your pendulums
to investigate whether the length of the string or the amount of weight attached to
a pendulum affects the time it takes the pendulum to make one full swing.
List of Materials
Calculator
Metric ruler or measuring tape
Thread or thin string
Binder clips (2 medium)
Coins (3 quarters, 3 nickels, or 3 pennies)
Stopwatch
Activities
Activity 1: Constructing
To construct a simple pendulum, tie a medium binder clip to the end of a piece of
string. The binder clip will be used to hold one or more coins for the experiments
in Activity 2. The weight on the end of the string, which includes the binder clip
and the coin(s) it holds, is called the pendulum bob. The period of a pendulum is
the time it takes for the pendulum to complete one full swing (back and forth).
Activity 2: Investigating
Experiment 1
Tie the free end of the string of the pendulum to a stable object. Do this in such a
way that neither the string nor the bob touch another object when the pendulum
is swung. Insert one coin in the binder clip. Measure the length of the string (in
centimeters) from the point where it is attached to the stable object to the center
of the bob. Record this length. Three times, pull the pendulum back to an angle
of about 20 and let it go. For each trial, use a stopwatch to record the number of
seconds it takes for the pendulum to complete 10 full swings. Record each time
in the first column of the table provided on the next page. Next, find and record
the average of the three times you listed. Finally, divide the average time by 10 to
determine the period of the pendulum. Repeat the procedure using two coins, then
using three coins, recording the data in the second and third columns, respectively.
Does it appear that the weight of the bob affected the period of the pendulum?
What factors other than the weight might affect the period of the pendulum?
94
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Project: Swing Time (continued)
1 coin
2 coins
3 coins
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average time to complete 10 full swings
Period of pendulum
Experiment 2
Cut a second string that is half the length of the original string. Repeat Experiment 1. Record
data in a table. Does it appear that the pendulum string length affects its period? Explain.
Activity 3: Analyzing
2
The formula / 5 980t2 represents the length O (in centimeters) of a simple

4p
pendulum with a period of t seconds. (In this formula, the acceleration due to
gravity is given as 980 cm/s2.)
Solve for t. According to the formula, how does changing the weight of the
bob affect the period of a pendulum?
Use the formula to find the theoretical period for each pendulum. Record
your experimental and theoretical periods for each.
Length of Pendulum
Experimental Period
Theoretical Period
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Do your experimental results give the same period as the theretical models? What factors
do you think would account for any differences? Explain your observations.
Finishing the Project

Prepare a presentation for the class describing your results. Your presentation
should include a chart showing your experimental and theoretical results.
Reflect and Revise

When you are sure your data are accurate, decide if your presentation is complete,
clear, and convincing. If needed, make changes to improve your presentation.
Extending the Project

Research the use of clock pendulums. Find out how a pendulum keeps time.
Research periods of the pendulums used in different clock types.
95
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Project Manager: Swing Time
Getting Started
Read the project. As you work on the project, you will need a calculator and
materials on which you can record your results and make calculations. Keep all of
your work for the project in a folder, along with this Project Manager.
Checklist
Suggestions
Activity 1: constructing a pendulum
Use the lightest thread or string possible.
Activity 2: determining the period
Have one student swing the pendulum

while another student keeps time.
Activity 3: comparing experimental and

theoretical periods
Isolate t, then take the square root of each

side of the equation. Substitute the string
lengths into the new equation.
pendulum experiment
How would your results change if your

pendulum were not able to swing freely,
that is without contact with any other
object? How would your results change if
you pulled the pendulum back
to an angle of 60? What other changes
would affect your results?
Scoring Rubric
4
Your experimental results are reasonable. Calculations are correct.

Explanations are thorough and well thought out. Data, calculations, and
conclusions are neatly presented.
Your experimental results are reasonable. Calculations are mostly correct

with some minor errors. Explanations lack detail and accuracy. Data,
calculations, and conclusions are not well organized.
Your experimental results are not reasonable. Calculations and explanations

contain errors. Data, calculations, and conclusions are unorganized and
lack detail.
Major concepts are misunderstood. Project satisfies few of the requirements

and shows poor organization and effort.
Major elements of the project are incomplete or missing.
Your Evaluation of Project Evaluate your work, based on the Scoring Rubric.
Teachers Evaluation of Project

96

ch6 Ans

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

ch6 Ans

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Name

Additional Vocabulary Support

Roots and Radical Expressions

Complete the vocabulary chart by filling in the missing information.

Given the equation an 5 b, a is the

1. 34 5 81; 3 is the 4th root

2. The number under the radical

The radicand in the expression

The number that gives the degree

3. The index in the

The third root of a number.

4. The cube root of 8 is 2.

5. The positive root when a

The principal square root of

is the number under the radical sign in a radical

8. Given the equation an 5 b, a is the

indicates the degree of

Prentice Hall Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Think About a Plan

3. A customer is planning to order a sailboat with a maximum speed of 12 knots.

a maximum speed of 15 knots, compared to a maximum speed of 12 knots?

5. If a customer wants a sailboat with a maximum speed of 15 knots, how long

6. How much longer would the waterline have to be to achieve a maximum

Prentice Hall Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Roots and Radical Expressions

Find all the real square roots of each number.

4. 0.0625 20.25, 0.25

Find all the real cube roots of each number.

Find all the real fourth roots of each number.

12. 625 25, 5

10. 256 24, 4

11. 0.0001 20.1, 0.1

15. !20.01 not a real 16. !0.001 0.1

Find each real root.

17. !0.0081 0.3

20. !0.09 0.3

23. " 8g6 2g2

24. " 125x9 5x3

25. " 243x5y15 3xy3

26. " (x 2 9)3

27. "25(x 1 2)4 5(x 1 2)2

31. "36x2y6 6xy3

Prentice Hall Gold Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Roots and Radical Expressions

Find the two real solutions of each equation.

37. x2 5 0.16 20.4, 0.4

41. x2 5 0.000009 20.003, 0.003

42. x4 5 0.0001 20.1, 0.1

is directly related to the amount a (in dollars) spent on advertising. This

45. A clothing manufacturer finds the number of defective blouses d is a function

of the total number of blouses n produced at her factory. This function is

Prentice Hall Gold Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Roots and Radical Expressions

Find all the real square roots of each number.

Find all the real cube roots of each number.

Find all the real fourth roots of each number.

14. " 343x9y12

15. " 16x16y20

Prentice Hall Foundations Algebra 2 Teaching Resources

Roots and Radical Expressions

Find the two real solutions of each equation.

symbol on your root.

22. Open-Ended Write a radical that has no real values.