The automotive industry in India is one of the largest automotive markets in the world.

It was
previously one of the fastest growing markets globally, but it is currently experiencing flat or negative
growth rates.[1][2] In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind
Japan, South Korea, and Thailand,[3] overtaking Thailand to become third in 2010. As of 2010, India
was home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million automotive vehicles were
produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making India the second fastest growing
automobile market in the world (after China).[4][5] India's passenger car and commercial vehicle
manufacturing industry recently overtook Brazil to become the sixth largest in the world, with an
annual production of more than 3.9 million units in 2011.[6][7] From 2011 to 2012, the industry grew 1618%, selling around three million units.[7] According to the Society of Indian Automobile
Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are projected to increase to 4 million by 2015, not 5 million as
previously projected.[1][8]
In 2011, there were 3,695 factories producing automotive parts in all of India. The average firm made
US$6 million in annual revenue with profits close to US$400 thousand.
Contents
[hide]

1 History
o

1.1 Restrictions under the license raj

1.2 Liberalisation

1.3 Slow export growth

1.4 Emission norms

2 Manufacturing facilities
o

2.1 Gujarat

2.2 Haryana

2.3 Himachal Pradesh

2.4 Jharkhand

2.5 Karnataka

2.6 Kerala

2.7 Madhya Pradesh

2.8 Maharashtra

2.9 Punjab

2.10 Rajasthan

2.11 Tamil Nadu

2.12 Uttar Pradesh

2.13 Uttarakhand

2.14 West Bengal

3 Exports
3.1 Top 18 export destinations in 2007-2008 and growth from previous year

4 Passenger vehicles in India

4.1 Indian automotive companies

4.1.1 Defunct Indian automotive companies

4.2 Foreign automotive companies in India

4.2.1 Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India

4.2.2 Vehicles brought into India as CBUs

5 Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India

5.1 Indian brands

5.2 Joint-venture (JV) brands

5.3 Foreign-owned brands

6 Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry

o

6.1 Electric car manufacturers in India

7 Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India

8 See also

9 References

10 Bibliography

History[edit]

A pre-Independence car showroom in Secunderabad

The Hindustan Ambassadordominated India's automotive market from the 1960s until the mid-80s

In 1897, the first car ran on an Indian road. Through the 1930s, cars were only imported, and in very
small numbers.
An embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Hindustan was launched in 1942,
long-time competitor Premier in 1944, building GM and Fiat products respectively.[9] Mahindra &
Mahindra was established by two brothers in 1945, and began assembly ofJeep CJ-3A utility
vehicles. Following independence in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched
efforts to create an automotive-component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile
industry. In 1953, an import substitution programme was launched, and the import of fully built-up
cars began to be restricted.[9]

Restrictions under the license raj [edit]

However, growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s, due to nationalisation and the license
raj, which hampered the Indian private sector. After 1970, with restrictions on the import of vehicles
set, the automotive industry started to grow; but the growth was mainly driven by tractors,
commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still a major luxury item. In the 1970s, price
controls were finally lifted, inserting a competitive element into the automobile market. [10] However, by
the 1980s, the automobile market was still dominated by Hindustan andPremier, who sold
superannuated products in fairly limited numbers.[11] During the eighties, a few competitors began to
arrive on the scene.

In 1986, to promote the auto industry, the government established the Delhi Auto Expo. The 1986
Expo was a showcase for how the Indian automotive industry was absorbing new technologies,
promoting indigenous research and development, and adapting these technologies for the rugged
conditions of India. The nine-day show was attended by then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

Liberalisation[edit]
Eventually multinational automakers, such as, Suzuki and Toyota of Japan and Hyundai of South
Korea, were allowed to invest in the Indian market, furthering the establishment of an automotive
industry in India. Maruti Suzuki was the first, and the most successful of these new entries, and in
part the result of government policies to promote the automotive industry beginning in the 1980s.
[11]

As India began to liberalise its automobile market in 1991, a number of foreign firms also initiated

joint ventures with existing Indian companies. The variety of options available to the consumer
began to multiply in the nineties, whereas before there had usually only been one option in each
price class. By 2000, there were 12 large automotive companies in the Indian market, most of them
offshoots of global companies.[12]

The Premier Padmini was the Ambassador's only true competitor

Slow export growth[edit]

Exports were slow to grow. Sales of small numbers of vehicles to tertiary markets and neighbouring
countries began early, and in 1987 Maruti Suzuki shipped 480 cars to Europe (Hungary). After some
growth in the mid-nineties, exports once again began to drop as the outmoded platforms provided to
Indian manufacturers by multinationals were not competitive.[13] This was not to last, and today India
manufactures low-priced cars for markets across the globe. As of 18 March 2013, global brands
such as Proton Holdings, PSA Group,Kia, Mazda, Chrysler, Dodge and Geely Holding Group were
shelving plans for India due to the competitiveness of the market, as well as the global economic
crisis.[14]

Emission norms[edit]
In 2000, in tune with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government
unveiled standards titled "India 2000", with later, upgraded guidelines to be known as Bharat stages.
These standards are quite similar to the stringent European standards, and have been implemented
in a phased manner, with the latest upgrade being implemented in 13 cities and, later, in the rest of
the
nation. Delhi (NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, K

anpur, Lucknow,Solapur, and Agra are the 13 cities where Bharat Stage IV has been imposed while
the rest of the nation is still under Bharat Stage III.

Manufacturing facilities[edit]
The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is evenly divided into three "clusters".
Around Chennai is the southernmost and largest, with a 35% revenue share, accounting for 60% of
the country's automotive exports, and home of the India operations
of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, Mini,
andDatsun.[15][16]
Near Mumbai, Maharashtra, along the Chakan corridor near Pune, is the western cluster, with a 33%
share of the market. Audi, Volkswagen, and Skoda are located inAurangabad. Mahindra and
Mahindra has an SUV and engine assembly plant at Nashik. General Motors, Tata
Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat, andForce Motors have assembly plants in
the area.[17][18]
The northern cluster is around the National Capital Region, and contributes
32%. Gurgaon and Manesar, in Haryana, are where the country's largest car manufacturer, Maruti
Suzuki, is based.
An emerging cluster is the state of Gujarat, with a manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol,
and a planned facility for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki, and PeugeotCitroen plants are also planned for Gujarat.[19]
Kolkata with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda, and Bangalore with Toyota are other automotive
manufacturing regions around the country.[20][21][22]

Gujarat[edit]
Passenger vehicles

General Motors India Private Limited

Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited Halol[23]

Tata Motors Sanand[24]

Commercial vehicles

Asia Motor Works AMW Bhuj[25]

Haryana[edit]
Two wheelers

Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Manesar[26]

Hero MotoCorp Dharuhera, Gurgaon[27]

India Yamaha Motor Faridabad,[28] Manesar[29]

Suzuki Gurgaon[30]

Passenger vehicles

Maruti Suzuki Gurgaon, Manesar[31]

Himachal Pradesh[edit]
Two wheelers

TVS Motors Nalagarh[32]

Passenger vehicles

ICML motors Amb[33]

Commercial vehicles

TAFE Tractors Parwanoo[34]

Jharkhand[edit]
Commercial vehicles

Tata Motors Jamshedpur[24]

Karnataka[edit]
Two wheelers

TVS Motor Mysore[32]

Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Pvt. Ltd. - Narsapura[26]

Passenger vehicles

Mahindra REVA Electric Vehicles Bangalore[35]

Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited Bidadi[36]

Commercial vehicles

Bharat Earth Movers - Bangalore

Scania Commercial Vehicles India Private Limited Bangalore[37]

TAFE Tractors Doddaballapur[34]

Tata Motors Dharwad[24]

Bharat Earth Movers - Mysore

Volvo India

Volvo Buses India Hosakote[38]

Volvo Trucks India Hosakote[39]

Volvo Construction Equipment India Hosakote[40]

Kerala[edit]
Commercial vehicles

Bharat Earth Movers Defense Products - produces Tatra Trucks 12x12, 10x10,8x8, 6x6, 4x4
& Variants

Kerala Automobiles Limited

Madhya Pradesh[edit]
Two wheelers

Mahindra & Mahindra Pithampur[41]

Commercial vehicles

Eicher Motors Pithampur[42]

Hindustan Motors Pithampur[43]

Force Motors Private Limited Pithampur[44]

TAFE Tractors Mandideep[34]

John Deere Tractors Dewas[34]

Maharashtra[edit]
Two wheelers

Bajaj Auto Chakan(Pune), Waluj Aurangabad[45]

KTM Sportmotorcycles Chakan(Pune)[46]

Vespa Scooters Baramati (Pune)[47]

Kinetic Engineering Pune, Ahmednagar [48]

Passenger vehicles

Mahindra & Mahindra Automotive Division Nashik, Chakan(Pune)[49][50]

Ssangyong Motor Company Chakan(Pune)[51]

Tata Motors Limited

Tata Motors Pimpri Chinchwad(Pune)[52]

Jaguar Cars and Land Rover Pune[53]

Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars Chakan(Pune)[54]

Fiat Automobiles Ranjangaon (Pune)[55]

General Motors India Chakan(Pune)[56]

Volkswagen Group Sales India Private Limited

Volkswagen Chakan(Pune)[57]

Audi AG Aurangabad[58]

koda Auto Aurangabad[59]

Chinkara Motors Karlekhind Alibag[60]

Premier Automobiles Limited Pimpri Chinchwad(Pune)[61]

Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Bhandara[62]

Bajaj Auto Waluj Aurangabad[45]

Force Motors Pune[63]

Mahindra Navistar Chakan(Pune)[64]

MAN Trucks India Akurdi (Pune)[65]

Mercedes-Benz Buses India Chakan(Pune)[66]

Piaggio Vehicles Baramati (Pune)[67]

Premier Automobiles Limited Pimpri Chinchwad(Pune)[61]

Punjab[edit]
Commercial vehicles

SML Isuzu Limited Nawanshahar[68] (originally a Swaraj Mazda plant)

Rajasthan[edit]
Two Wheelers
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Tapukara[26]
Passenger vehicles

Honda Cars India Ltd. Tapukara[69]

Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Alwar[62]

TAFE Tractors Alwar[34]

Tamil Nadu[edit]
Two wheelers

TVS Motor Hosur[32]

Royal Enfield Chennai[70]

India Yamaha Motor Oragadam

Passenger vehicles

BMW India Chennai[71][72]

Ford India Private Limited Maraimalai Nagar[73]

Hyundai Motor India Limited Sriperumbudur[74]

Mitsubishi Tiruvallur[43]

Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited

Nissan Motor India Private Limited Oragadam[75]

Renault India Private Limited Oragadam[76]

Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Ennore, Hosur[62]

BharatBenz Oragadam[77]

Kamaz Vectra Motors Hosur[78]

SAME Deutz-Fahr Tractors Ranipet, Vellore[79]

TAFE Tractors Chennai[34]

TVS Motors Hosur[32]

Uttar Pradesh[edit]
Two wheelers

India Yamaha Motor Greater Noida[80]

LML Kanpur

Passenger vehicles

Honda Cars India Ltd. Greater Noida[81]

J.S. Auto (P) LTD. Kanpur[82]

Commercial vehicles

Tata Motors Lucknow

Uttarakhand[edit]
Commercial vehicles

Ashok Leyland Pantnagar

Tata Motors Pantnagar

Mahindra & Mahindra Haridwar

Hero MotoCorp Haridwar

Bajaj Auto Pantnagar

West Bengal[edit]
Passenger vehicles

Hindustan Motors Limited - Kolkata

Exports[edit]

Mahindra Scorpio Jeep in service with Italy's CNSAS.

India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $4.5 billion in 2009, with the United
Kingdom being India's largest export market, followed by Italy, Germany, Netherlands, and South
Africa.[83]
According to the New York Times, India's strong engineering base and expertise in the
manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities
of several automobile companies like Hyundai, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen, andMaruti Suzuki.[84]
In 2008, South Korean multinational Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in
India. Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011.
[85]

Similarly, US automobile company, General Motors announced its plans to export about 50,000

cars manufactured in India by 2011.[86]

In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual
capacity of 250,000 cars, for US$500 million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian
market and for export.[87] The company said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub
for its global production business.[88] Fiat Motors announced that it would source more than US$1
billion worth auto components from India.[89]

A Tata Safari on display in Pozna,Poland.

In 2009 India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth largest exporter of cars after Japan
(1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and Thailand (0.26m) by allowing foreign carmakers 100% ownership of
factories in India, which China does not allow.[3]
In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that PSA Peugeot Citron was planning to re-enter the
Indian market and open a production plant in Andhra Pradesh that would have an annual capacity of
100,000 vehicles, investing 700M in the operation.[90] PSA's intention to utilise this production
facility for export purposes however remains unclear as of December 2010.

The Maruti Ertiga, a model exported by Maruti Suzuki, India.

In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars. Hyundai,
the biggest exporter from the country, now ships more than 250,000 cars annually from India. Apart
from Maruti Exports' shipments to Suzuki's other markets, Maruti Suzuki also manufactures small
cars for Nissan, which sells them in Europe. Nissan will also export small cars from its new Indian
assembly line. Tata Motors exports its passenger vehicles to Asian and African markets, and is
preparing to sell electric cars in Europe in 2010. The firm is planning to sell an electric version of its
low-cost car the Tata Nano in Europe and in the U.S. Mahindra & Mahindra is preparing to introduce
its pickup trucks and small SUV models in the U.S. market. Bajaj Auto is designing a low-cost car
for Renault Nissan Automotive India, which will market the product worldwide. Renault Nissan may
also join domestic commercial vehicle manufacturer Ashok Leyland in another small car project.
[91]

While the possibilities for the Indian automobile industry are impressive, there are challenges that

could thwart future growth. Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to

overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy
weakens.[91]

Top 18 export destinations in 2007-2008 and growth from previous

year[edit]
Ran
k

Country

United States of
America

2007-2008 (in USD

2008-2009 (in USD

Percentage

Millions)

Millions)

Growth

593.64

525.24

-11.52

Italy

332.35

359.68

8.21

Sri Lanka

249.14

216.11

-13.26

South Africa

224.93

188.57

-15.79

United Kingdom

165.57

246.32

48.77

164.44

192.74

17.21

United Arab
Emirates

Algeria

147.34

265.63

80.28

Bangladesh

137.26

164.86

20.11

Egypt

134.43

143.54

5.99

10

Germany

133.52

409.63

206.8

Ran
k

Country

2007-2008 (in USD

2008-2009 (in USD

Percentage

Millions)

Millions)

Growth

11

Colombia

118.88

120.71

1.54

12

Nepal

111.33

98.13

-11.86

13

Mexico

93.80

94.10

0.32

14

Turkey

83.53

73.82

-11.63

15

Spain

81.01

56.96

-29.69

16

France

76.77

134.21

74.83

17

Nigeria

66.01

148.74

125.03

18

Greece

65.75

127.63

94.1

19

Netherland

65.19

163.66

151.05

20

Ghana

59.91

38.30

-36.07

Passenger vehicles in India[edit]

This list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India. While other cars can be imported
to the country at a steep 105%[92] import duty, car-makers such as Alfa Romeo,[93] McLaren,[94] Pagani,
[95]

Cadillac,[96] Chrysler,[97] SSC,[98] Lincoln,[99] Zenvo,[100] SEAT,[101] Smart,[102] Daihatsu,[103] Lexus,[104] Infiniti,

[105]

Acura,[106] Saab,[107]Spyker,[108] Lotus,[109] Ariel,[110] Caterham,[111] Peugeot-Citron,[112] Mazda,[113] Jeep,[114]

Kia,[115] GAZ,[116] and Proton[117] in various stages of official introduction into the Indian automobile
industry.

Indian automotive companies[edit]

Maruti Swift in India. Maruti Suzuki is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan

Mahindra XUV500, one of India's best selling indigenously developed SUV

Chinkara Motors:[118] Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S, Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster

Force Motors (earlier known as Tempo): One

Hindustan Motors:[119] Ambassador

Hradyesh:[120]Morris Street[121]

ICML:[122] Rhino Rx

Mahindra:[123] Major, Bolero, Scorpio, Thar, Xylo, Quanto, Verito, Verito Vibe, Genio, XUV500.

Premier Automobiles Limited:[124] Sigma, RiO

San Motors:[125] Storm

Maruti Suzuki (subsidiary of Japanese auto maker Suzuki)[126]

[127]

800, Alto, Alto800, WagonR, Estilo, A-star, Ritz, Swift, Swift

DZire,SX4, Omni, Eeco, Gypsy, Ertiga, Ciaz

Tata Motors:[128] Nano, Indica, Vista, Indigo, Manza, Indigo

CS, Sumo, Grande, Venture, Safari, Xenon, Aria, Zest, Bolt

Defunct Indian automotive companies[edit]

Sipani Automobiles

Standard Motor Products of India

Foreign automotive companies in India[edit]

Hyundai, Suzuki, BMW, Audi, Mercedes Benz, Ford, Fiat, Honda, Chevrolet(of General Motors),
Toyota, Lamborghini, Jaguar, Eicher, TAFE, are the foreign automotive companies that manufacture
and market their products in India.
Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India[edit]

Manufactured only in Chennai, India, the i10 is one of Hyundai's best selling globally exported cars.

BMW India:[129] 1 Series, 3 Series, 3 Series GT, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5.

Audi India: A3, A4, A6, Q3, Q5, Q7.

Fiat India. Grande Punto, Linea.

Ford India:[130] Figo, Fiesta Classic, Fiesta, Ecosport, Endeavour.

General Motors India(Chevrolet):[131] Spark, Beat, Aveo UVA, Sail, Aveo, Optra, Cruze, Tavera.

Honda Cars India Limited:[132] Brio, Jazz, Amaze, City, Civic, CR-V, Accord.

Hyundai Motor India:[133] Eon, Santro, i10, i20, Accent, Verna, Elantra, Sonata.

Isuzu:[134][135] MU-7, V-Cross.

Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[136] Jaguar XF.

Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[137] Freelander.

Mercedes-Benz India:[138] C-Class, E-Class, M-Class, GL-Class, S-Class.

MINI:[139] Countryman.

Mitsubishi[140] (in collaboration with Hindustan Motors):[141] Lancer, Lancer Cedia, Pajero.

Nissan Motor India:[142] Micra, Sunny, Evalia, Dacia Duster.

Datsun: Datsun Go

Renault India:[143][144][145] Pulse, Duster, Scala, Fluence, Koleos.

koda Auto India:[146][147] Fabia, Rapid, Laura, Yeti, Superb.

Toyota Kirloskar:[148] Etios Liva, Etios, Corolla Altis, Innova, Fortuner, Camry.

Volkswagen India:[149][150] Polo, CrossPolo, Vento, Jetta, Passat

Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2013, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle owners.

Vehicles brought into India as CBUs[edit]

Suzuki Kizashi. Kizashis are sold byMaruti in the Indian market

Aston Martin:[151] Vantage, Vanquish, Rapide, Virage, DB9, DBS, One-77.

Audi:[152] A5, A7, A8, S4, S6, S8, TT, RS 4, RS 6, RS5, R8.

Bentley:[153][154] Arnage, Azure, Brooklands, Continental GT, Continental Flying

Spur, Mulsanne.

BMW:[155] 5 Series GT, 6 Series, 7 Series, X6, X6 M, M3, M5, M6 and Z4.

Bugatti:[156][157] Veyron.

Chevrolet: Captiva.

Ferrari:[158][159] California, 458 Italia, 599 GTB Fiorano, FF.

Fiat:[160] 500, Bravo.

General Motors:[131] Hummer H2, Hummer H3.

Gumpert:[161] Apollo.

Honda:[162][163] Civic Hybrid.

Hyundai:[133] Santa Fe.

Isuzu Motors India Pvt Ltd: MU7 & D Max

Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[136] XJ, XK, F-Type.

Koenigsegg:[164][165] CCX, CCXR, Agera.

Lamborghini:[166] Gallardo, Aventador.

Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[137] Discovery 4, Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover
Sport, Range Rover.

Maserati:[167] Quattroporte, GranTurismo, GranCabrio.

Mercedes-Benz:[168] A-Class, B-Class, CL-Class, GL-Class, R-Class, CLS-Class, SL-Class, S

LK-Class, Viano, G-Class, SLS.

MINI:[139] Cooper, Cooper S, Convertible.

Mitsubishi: Montero, Outlander, Evo X.

Nissan:[169] Teana, X-Trail, 370Z, GT-R.

Porsche:[170][171] 997, Boxster, Panamera, Cayman, Cayenne, Carrera GT, Macan.

Rolls Royce:[172] Ghost, Wraith, Phantom, Phantom Coup, Phantom Drophead Coup.

SsangYong (subsidiary of Mahindra & Mahindra):[173] Rexton.

Suzuki (sold through Maruti Suzuki): Grand Vitara, Kizashi.

Toyota:[148] Prius, Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado.

Volkswagen:[174] Beetle, Touareg, Phaeton.

Volvo:[175] V40, S60, S80, XC60, XC90.

Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India[edit]

Indian brands[edit]

AMW[176]

Eicher Motors[177]

Force[178]

Hindustan Motors[179]

Mahindra & Mahindra

Premier[124]

Tata Motors[180]

Hero Motocorp

Bajaj Auto

TVS Motor

Joint-venture (JV) brands[edit]

Ashok Leyland[181] - originally a JV between Ashok Motors (owned by the Hinduja Group)
and Leyland Motors, now joint ventures between Ashok Leyland and Nissan Motors(Japan) for
LCV's; and John Deere (USA) for construction equipment.[182]

KaMAZ Vectra[183] - A JV between Russia's KaMAZ and the Vectra Group

MAN Force - A JV between Force Motors and MAN AG (Germany)

SML Isuzu - originally, as Swaraj Mazda, a JV between Punjab Tractors and Mazda, now
53.5% owned by Sumitomo Group and with its current name since 2011.[184]

Tatra Vectra Motors Ltd - (defunct) Initial truck partnership with India by Vectra. Replaced by
Kamaz. Tatra trucks for sale in India are now manufactured in collaboration withBharat Earth
Movers Limited.

VE Commercial Vehicles Limited[185] - VE Commercial Vehicles limited - A JV between Volvo

Group & Eicher Motors Limited.

Maruti Suzuki - A joint venture of Indian Maruti and Japanese Suzuki.

Foreign-owned brands[edit]

J. C. Bamford (JCB) (Owned by British multinational corporation J. C. Bamford).

BharatBenz (Owned by Daimler AG of Germany and affiliated with

Daimler's Fuso and Mercedes-Benz brands)[186]

Caterpillar Inc.[187]

DAF[188]

Hino[189]

Isuzu[190]

Iveco[191]

MAN

Mercedes-Benz[192] - manufactures luxury coaches in India.

Piaggio[193]

Rosenbauer.[194]

Scania[195]

Tatra.[196]

Volvo.[197]

Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry [edit]

During April 2012, the Indian government planned to unveil the road map for the development of
domestic electric and hybrid vehicles (xEV) in the country.[198] A discussion between the various
stakeholders, including Government, industry, and academia, was expected to take place during 23
24 February.[198] The final contours of the policy would have been formed after this set of discussions.
Ministries such as Petroleum, Finance, Road Transport, and Power are involved in developing a
broad framework for the sector. Along with these ministries, auto industry executives, such as Anand
Mahindra (Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra & Mahindra) and Vikram Kirloskar (ViceChairman, Toyota Kirloskar), were involved in this task.[198] The Government has also proposed to set
up a Rs 740 crore research and development fund for the sector in the 12th five-year plan during
2012-17.[198] The idea is to reduce the high cost of key imported components such as the battery and
electric motor, and to develop such capabilities locally.

Electric car manufacturers in India[edit]

Ajanta Group.[199]

Hero Electric.[200]

Mahindra.[201]

REVA now Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles.

Tara International.[202]

Tata Motors.[203]

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India[edit]

Automobile Products of India or API - founded in 1949 at Bombay (now Mumbai), by the
British company Rootes Group,[204] and later bought over by M. A. Chidambaram of the MAC
Group from Madras (now Chennai).[204] The company manufactured Lambretta scooters, API
Three Wheelers under licence from Innocenti of Italy and Automobile ancillaries, notably Clutch
and Braking systems. API's registered offices were earlier in Mumbai, later shifted to Chennai, in
Tamil Nadu. The manufacturing facilities were located in Mumbai and Aurangabad in
Maharashtra and in Ambattur, Chennai.[205] The company has not been operational since 2002.

Escorts Yamaha - in 1984 Escorts formed a joint venture with Yamaha to manufacture
motorcycles. In 2008 became India Yamaha Motor.

Hero Motors is a former moped and scooter manufacturer based in Delhi, India. It is a part of
multinational company Hero Group, which also currently owns Hero Motocorp(formerly Hero
Honda) and Hero Cycles, among others. Hero Motors was started in the 1960s to manufacture
50 cc two-stroke mopeds but gradually diversified into making larger mopeds, mokicks and
scooters in the 1980s and the 1990s. Noteworthy collaborators and technical partners
were Puch of Austria and Malaguti of Italy. Due to tightening emission regulations and poor
sales, Hero motors have discontinued the manufacture of all gasoline powered vehicles and
transformed itself into an electric two-wheeler and auto parts manufacturer.

Ideal Jawa - motorcycle company based in Mysore, sold licensed Jawa and Z motorcycles
beginning in 1960 under the brand name Jawa and later Yezdi.

Kinetic Honda - a joint venture between Kinetic Engineering Limited, India and Honda Motor
Company, Japan. The JV operated during 1984 - 1998, manufacturing 2-strokescooters in India.
In 1998, the joint venture was terminated after which Kinetic Engineering continued to sell the
models under the brand name Kinetic until 2008[206] when the interests were sold to Mahindra.

Mopeds India Limited - produces the Suvega range of Mopeds under technical collaboration
with Motobcane of France.

Standard - produced by Standard Motor Products in Madras from 1949 to 1988. Indian
Standards were variations of vehicles made in the U.K. by Standard-Triumph. Standard Motor
Products of India Ltd. (SMPI) was incorporated in 1948,[207] and their first product was
the Vanguard, which began to be assembled in 1949. The company was dissolved in 2006 and
the old plant torn down.

See also[edit]