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AnnotatedBibliography
Doesdanceimproveneuralactivity?
KaminaHam
ProfessorMalcolmCampbell
English1103
3/8/2015

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AnnotatedBibliography

Grafton,Scott,M.D,andEmilyCross,MS.
ArtsandCognitionMonograph:DanceandtheBrain
.
TheDanaFoundation,Mar.2008.Web.08Mar.2015.
ThisarticlewaspostedonthewebsiteofDanafoundation,anditgoesintodetailsabouta
scienceexperiment.Thearticlewasabouthowthemotionofdancingandthewatchingof
dancingaffectsthebrain.DoctorsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbara
conductedascienceexperimenttoshowwhichpartsofthebrainwerebeingused.They
focusedontheactionobservationnetwork(AON)partofthebrain,whichiscomposedof
fourbrainregions:thepremotorcortex,theinferiorparietallobe,andthetemporal
regions.Thesubjectslearnedadanceroutinebyphysicallydancingforonehalfofthe
dayandwatchingtheotherhalf.ThescientiststookanfMRI's(functionalMagnet
Resonanceimage)beforetheweekoftrainingandafter.Theresultsshowedthatthe
premotorandparietalpartsofthebrainwereusedthemost.Thepremotorcortexis
locationintheprefrontallobeanditworkswithotherbrainregionstodevelop
movements.Theparietallobedealswithsenses.Accordingtothisresearchlearningby
watchinganddoingdancebothhavealastingimpactonthebrain.Thisarticleisverywell
atdepictingtherefocusandalsocitingspecificsources.Theyevengointodetailabout
certainscientistsandwhatresearchtheyhaddoneonthetopic.Theleadauthorisnot
widelyknowsoitmakesmequestionthevalidityofit,butitdoescontainalinkthat
providesbiographicalinformationforeachofthedoctorsinvolved.Thewebsite,Dana
foundation,containsmanyresourcesandlinksforlearningaboutthebrainaimedatany

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age.Thisparticulararticlewouldbegearedtodanceteachersoradultsthatwanttoknow
howthebrainisaffectedbyshowingversusdoing.Thisarticleisalittledated,sowith
bettertechnologyitcouldbemoreaccurate.Iwouldusethisarticleasasteppingstoneto
domoreresearchbecauseitdidaddressadifferentapproach.Iwasalwaysfocusedonthe
movementofdanceandnotabouthowtoteachitorhowwatchingdancingcouldbe
affective.ItdidanswermyquestionsaboutwhichpartofthebraindoesdanceaffectsoI
willuseitinmyresearch.
Gray,AmberElizabeth."Dance/MovementTherapyWithRefugeeAndSurvivorChildren:A
HealingPathwayIsACreativeProcess."Creativeinterventionswithtraumatizedchildren
(2nded.).169190.NewYork,NY,US:GuilfordPress,2015.PsycINFO.Web.27Feb.
2015.
Thisisanexcerptofabookcalled
CreativeInterventionswithTraumatizedChildren.
This
chapterinformstheaudienceabouttheuseofdanceasatherapeuticmethodforchildrenin
refugeecampsexperiencingtrauma.Dancetherapyisawayforsomechildrentohealthe
brokennessthattheyhadtoface.Anotherpointthattheauthormakesisthatdancingcanhave
lastingeffects.ElizabethGraysays:
"
Butexposuretotheexperiencesdescribedinthischapter,
especiallyduringthedevelopmentallycriticalperiodoflifeknownaschildhood,increases
risksthatchildrenwillmeetdiagnosticcriteriaforposttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)or
displaytraumareactions"
Theauthorthenexplainsthatdancingincreasesbrainplasticity,
whichmakesroomforamorepositiveoutlookonlife.Shefocusedontraumapatientsaged
618.Thisisanagewheremoreriskscandevelop.PTSD(Posttraumaticstressdisorder)is
justoneexample.ThisbookincludesmanyreliablesourcessuchastheAmericanPsychiatric

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AssociationandtheAmericanMusicTherapyassociation.Thispartofthechapterisalso
unbiased.Theauthorrecallsthat:"
Notallchildrenexposedtotraumaticeventswillbe
traumatized,however."
Thisshowsthattheauthorsarenotassumingacauseandeffect
relationshipbasedonchildrenwhoexperienceturmoil.Thisstudyalsouseschildrenfromtwo
differentplaceswhichfurtherlimitsbias.Thischapterwasveryusefulbecauseitpinpoints
howchildrencanreallyimprovefromdance.ThisalsovalidatesmyarticleaboutParkinson's
andhowdanceisatherapy.Iwillusethistofurthermyresearch.
Hillman,CharlesH."TheRelationOfChildhoodPhysicalActivityToBrainHealth,Cognition,And
ScholasticAchievement:I.AnIntroductionToTheRelationOfPhysicalActivityToCognitive
AndBrainHealth,AndScholasticAchievement."
MonographsOfTheSocietyForResearchIn
ChildDevelopment
79.4(2014):16.
PsycINFO
.Web.6Mar.2015.
Thispeerreviewedarticleisfromthesocietyforresearchofchilddevelopment.These
scientistswritethismonographinhopesofbringingawarenesstotheneedforphysicalactivity
duringachildsdevelopment.Theyusestatisticstoemphasizetheseverityofthedeclinethe
UShashadinphysicalactivity,oneofwhichspeaksonthefactthatchildrenwilloutlivetheir
parentsforthefirsttimeintheworld.Schoolsaresofocusedonimprovingacademictime,that
theylimitthetimechildrenhavetomovearound.Multiplestudieshaveshownthatphysical
activitywillnothinderacademicperformancebutinsteadwillimproveit.Studentsthatare
activehavehadagreatersuccessinschoolsthankidswithnoinvolvement.Therecontinuesto
beapandemicofphysicalactivitywhichisamajorresultofourincreaseintechnology.
CharlesHillmanstates:
"duringourformativeyearsashunters(Bortz,1985)alifestylethat
requiredconsiderablephysicalactivityduetoprolongedandpertinaciouspursuitofpreyin
hotclimates"
Heemphasizesthedrasticchangeofhumanity.Thismonographfocusesonthe

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problemandcallforactionformoreresearchtobeonthecognitiveeffectsofphysicalactivity.
Hewritethistowardsschoolsdistricts,teachers,andparentsinordertopersuadethemto
realizethatphysicalactivitiesandfitnessareneedandshouldnotbesubstituted."Thisarticle
includesmanyreliablesourcesandtheyendwithabibliographypage.TheauthorCharles
HillmanhasalsobeenaspeakeronTedtalks,wherehespokeonexercise,intelligence,and
aging.HehasaPhDandheisaprofessorofkinesiologyandcommunityhealthatthe
UniversityofIllinois.Thisarticlewillbeusefulinmyresearchbecausedanceisatypeof
physicalactivityandstudieshaveshownthatphysicalactivityisabletoimproveacademic
performance.Iwillusethissourcetobackuptheneedfordanceandphysicalactivityina
classroom.
Knox,Richard."FightParkinson's:ExerciseMayBeTheBestTherapy."
NPR
.NPR,2Feb.2015.
Web.08Mar.2015.
ThisisadevelopedarticleisaboutpatientswithParkinson'sdiseaseandhowcertainphysical
activitiescanbeusedastherapy.Theauthorfocusesononeman'sstory,studiesaboutthe
effectofphysicalactivity,andtheresponsesofdoctors.MikeQuagliaisa42yearoldman
whohasParkinson'sdisease.Medicationsdidnthelpsohetriedboxingasanewmethod.Rock
SteadyBoxingwasanorganizationthattaughtpatientsdealingwiththisdiseasehowtobox
withoutphysicalcontact.So,Quagliatriesboxingoutanditwassoeffectivethathewasable
todecreasehismedicineusage.Quagliaemphasizesthatboxingdoesnotstopallsymptoms,it
justalleviatesthem.Activitiessuchasdrumming,Latindancing,andtaichihavebeenknowto
doingthesamething.AccordingtoDr.DanielTarsy,whoisthedirectoratBethIsrael
DeaconnessMedicalCenter,shestates:"[she]seesmeaningfulchangeinalotofpatientswho
gointotheseexerciseprograms.SomeofTarsy'spatientssaythatexercise"liberatesthemfrom

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"thisstraitjacketsthatcalledParkinson'sdisease".PatientslikeQuagliamotivatethemselvesto
dosomethingdifferentandthisimprovestheirdailylifeaswell.PeterWaynefromHarvard
medicalschoolbelievesthattaichihelpsthementalstateofpatientssomuchthatitcanmake
thebestofthefunctionalpartsofthebrain.ThisarticleisapublicsourcefoundfromNPR,a
widelyusedandtrustedsource.Thisarticlecitesandquotesstudiesandscientistfrom
acclaimeduniversities.Attheenditevenincludedacorrectioninordertogivethecorrect
credittotheUniversityofOregon.Theaudienceofthissourcewouldbeadultswith
Parkinson'soradultswhowanttolearnabouthowphysicalactivityprovidestherapy.This
sourcewasveryhelpfulinmyresearchbecauseitreallyemphasizeshowphysicalactivitycan
helptrickthebrainintodoingmore.Parkinsonpatientshaveproblemswithbalancebutusing
danceandboxinghasdecreasetheamountoffallsandincreasestability.Thisarticleprovidesa
newangle,becauseitnotonlyhelpsmemory,asItalkedaboutinanotherarticle,italsohelps
withmedicalneeds.Iwasabletobecomemoreopenmindedwithmytopic.