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RMO 1990
There are two boxes. So one of the boxes must contain at least 33
balls (i.e. > 33 balls)
(PHP Principle)
This box have more than 33 balls and four colours, white, black, red
and yellow.
So there are 9 balls of same color (PHP principle)
There are at most 4 different sized available for these 9 balls of same
color.
So among these 9 balls of same color and in the same box, There
must be at least 3 balls of same size
Q.2
(PHP principle).
RMO 1990
For positive numbers b + c, c + a, a + b
(b c ) ( c a ) ( a b )
3
>
b a c a a b 3
(1)
AM > GM
1 1
1
1 1 1 1
3 b c c a a b b c c a a n
c
c
a
a
b
2
1
3
.(2)
bc
ca
ab
2
a
b
c
9
3
bc ca ab 2
a
b
c
3
bc ca ab 2
Q.3
RMO 1990
When, in figure below, the folding taker place and B touches M a
a/2
C
x
Q
a-x
Then
MQ = BQ = a x,
a
So
(a x )2
So
CQ
QB
3
a
8
By Pythagoras,
( x) 2
as a o
3
a
8
3
a a
8
3
5
Q. 4 RMO 1990
Fermats Little theorem:
If p is prime and p x a
Then ap-1 = 1 (mod p)
Corollary:
If p is a prime Then
ap = a (mod. p) for any integer a.
Here 1990 = 199 x 10, 199 is prime number
On application
2199 = 2 (mod 199)
199 2199 2
199n = 2199 2
2199 = 199n + 2
21990
21990 - 1010
(199n +2)10
22+m.4
1990 = 2 + 497 x 4
22+497 x 4
So, in 21990 210 both terms have last digit 4. Hence it,s difference
has last digit 0 i.e. dividable by 10.
So 21990 210 is divisible by 10
Further 21990 210 is divisible by 199
So 21990 210 is divisible by 1990
So when 21990 is divided by 1990
The remainder will be 210
i.e. 1024
Q. 5 RMO 1990
In the figure
PA + PB > c
PB + PC > a
PC + PA > b
2(PA + PB + PC) > a + b + c
PA + PB + PC >
As P is inside
Further,
AB
>
PB PA
2
BC
>
PB PC
2
CA
>
PC PA
2
a + b + c > PA + PB + PC
2s
>
PA + PB + PC
The
C
b + c > 2AP
bc
AP
2
Similarly
ca
BP
2
P
B
P
b
C
A
b + c > AA
[AP = AP]
ab
CP
2
a + b + c > AP + BP + CP
2S > AP + BP + CP
QED
Q. 6 1990
Method (1)
II
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IIx
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
=0
0 +
0+ 0
+ III x III +
+ 0
+II
= (IIIx - III) + II
expression
for
x = 0
10
for
x=1
11
x=2
12
x=3
13
x=4
14
x=5
15
x=6
16
x=7
17
x=8
18
x=9
19
Q. 7 RMO 1990
As total combination = 6
So
n(n 1)
6
2
So
n=4
let their ages are a b c and d. such that a < b < c < d
such that
a + b = 30
So, c + d = max
a + d = 41
= 69
a + c = 33
a>d>c
b + c = 58
so b + c = 58
b + d = 66
b + d = 69
c + d = 69
a+c>a+b
Gives
so a + c = 33
a = 2.5
so a + b = 30
b = 27.5
a+d>a+c
c = 30.5
so a + d = 41
d = 38.5
so a + e = 33
Q. 8 1990
R
I
B
C
P
QED