Physicsl2lB-Rosenberg

Autumn 2013

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I. Ice Hockey. A hockeyplayerlaunchesa puck fiom oneendofa hockeyrink acrossthe ice at

someioitial speed.Theplayernoticesthatwhenthepuckreachest}e otherendofthe rint, the
puck's spedis noticeablyslowertha.nits itritial speed
1. (2 pls) Whichofthe followhg statements
is mostcorect for ihe systemcolsistiDgof lhe
hockeypuck?
A. The hockeypuckis an isolatedsystc!tr,socoNervationofmomentuirlholds.
B. Thehockeypuckis not an isolatedsystem,but it's functiomlly isolated,soconservatiotr
of
momentum
hol:ls.
C. Sincegravityis actingon the hockeypuck we canigrore extemalintcractionsfor this
/$A{em'
( D. lor tioe i.otcwalssmallcooparedto thepuck'sravel time acrosstherink, tbc puck is
nrncrolrallylsolateo.
E. Alihoughthere'stromomentumtransferitr the directionofthe puck's motion,there'snet
momentumtraosferia theverticaldirection.
2. (2 pts) Theplayeragainlauncbesa puck,but this time thepuck strikesaaolberidenticalpuck
at restatrdbothpuck thetrmoveoff acrossthe ice,Whichof the followitrg statemetrts
is most
corect?
A. lf we considera shorttime hterval AoE just beforcto just afterthepuckscollidc,wc catr
coDsiderthe systemconsistingofthe originallyJauoched
puck asfunctioDallyisolatcd.
B. Alrhoughthemomentumof theorigilally-launchedpuckis trot conservedthc final spccdof
the struckpuckjust afferthe collisionis the sameasthe initial speedofthe launchedpuckjust
)e{qrethecollision.
(C. lwe considcra sborttime inrervalftom just beforeto just afterthepuck collide,we can
r-ronsider
thesystemconsisting
oftbe two pucksasfiractionaUy
isotared.
D. Mometrtumco$ervatiotrrequiresthe sumoflhe two pucks'final velocitiesjust afterthe
collisioladdto zero.
E. Mooetrtumconservation
requiresthatrcither ofthe pucks' speedscaneverexceedthe initial
puck'sspeed.
3. (2 pts)The playeragainlau.nches
a puckat a speedl0 m/s,whichthe! stdkesa second
idetrticalpuck at rest.In the collisioD,the origitralpuckheadsbacktowardstheplsyerwith sped
20 m,/s.Which ofthe following statemeuts
is mostcorrect.IgnorefrictioD.
A. Duelo EoEertum conservatioD,
the struckpuckrcmaiN at rest.
B. Dueto momcntumconsswatioD,
it's iDpossiblefor the initial puct to coEe backat this

.$sd.

C. there mustbavebeenenergyreleasedin the collision;thesearetrol Dormalboctey pucks.

/\.'ilt
musthavebeentbecasethatthe st uck puckhit the far wall ofthe riDlqthencamebackatrd
hada secoodcollisionwith the initial ouck,
E. Thekinetic energyin the initial puckjust beforethecollision is the samcasits kinetic edergy
iustafte!thecollision.

Physics12l, Autumtrt3

Exam ), paSeI

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il . (2 ps) Forthe puck just above,wherethe hitial puckcomebackwith speed20 m/s,which

ofthe following statements
is mostcorrect.
A. MomeDtumconscraation
rcquircsthe struckpuckoove offal a righr angleto thepathof
initialpuck.
B. The struckpuckmustalsobe movingtowaldstheplayerwith speed30 rL/s.
lq.,]The struckpuckmustbemovitrgtowardsrheplayelwith speed20 ds.
<l)Jfhe shuckpuckmustbemovingawaytom theplayerwith specd30 lr|,/s.
E, The stsuckpuckmustbemovingawayftom theplayerwith speed20 Erls.
5, (2 pts)Theplayeragainlaunchesa puckat a speedl0 D/s, whichthenstrikesa second
identicalpuck at rcst.ln thecollisiotr,thetwo pucksstick together.Whichof thefollowing
stateEe s is mostcoEectregardingthestickiDgpucks.Ignorcfriction.
A. MomcntumcoNervationdoesnot allow thepucksto sticktogether.
,E<+e two pucksmuslmoveoffat a non-zeroaDglerelativeto the initial puck'sdirectioD.
two pucksmusthavehalfthespeedofthe initialpuck.
/C. /he
.fhe
t*o pucksmusthavetwicthe speedof rheidtiai puckb-.
E. Silce thepucksarestucktogether,thefwo pucksareat restafterthecollision,
6. (2 ps) Two skilledplayerslaunchidenticalpucksat eachothcrwith the sarBespeed.Which
of tie following statements
regardingthepucksjust afterthecollisiotris mostconect?Ignore
frictiotr.
A. MomeDtumconservatiotr
requircslhat lbe two pucksheadbacktowads tbeplayeNwilh the
speed.
/..rsq
(_!,.Llomeotum cooservatioD
allowsfor bothpucksto be movingat right arglesrelativeto the
mrtraloucksdl'ectrolrs.
C. MorDetrtum
coiseryationallowsfor oneofthc pucksto be at rest,with theotherpuck moving
at right arrglesrelativeto theinitial puck' directions.
D. MomeDtumconseflatiotrallowsthe speedsofthe two pucksto be ulequal.
E, Momentumconseryation
requiresthetwo pucksto moveoff at a non-zeroanglerelativeto
the initial pucks'directions.
7. (2 pts)Two skilledplayersagainlaunchidenticalpucksat eachotberwitb the samespeed.
Whichof the following ststedeDtsregatditrglhepucksis mostconect?Ignorefriction.
A. The ceoter-of-mass
ofthe two playersis hslfiray betseenthtwo players,eveoif theplayers
havedifferentmasses.
B. After theplayerslaunchthe pucks,the ceoterof massof thetwo puck necdlot be located
within a puck's width of theplaneof the ice rink.
C. After theplayen launchthepucks,the ceDter-of-mass
ofthe two pucksis halfwaybetween
the two pucks.But it is uoktrowrlwbetherthe two-puckcenter-of-mass
is halfivaybetweetrthe
two pucksbforcthepucksarelaunched.
I). Thecenter-of-mass
of thetwo pucksmovestowardstbe collisionpoint beforethe collision
away
ftom
the
collisionpointjust8fferthecollisioD.
,-eaifloves
pe
center-of-mass
ofthe two pucksis exactlyhalfipaybetweenthem,evenbeforethe
( E.
\-plclers strikethepucks.

Physicsl2l. Autumnl3

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IL Thro\ringrocks. You'rethrowingideDtical
rocksoffthe edgeofa cliffneartheEarth's
surface.
Therock cantaketrajectory
A, or tmjectoryB. Bothrocksreachthesameheight.
Ignoreair frictionirl all therockthrowing

h
--TI

I
I

prs)Wbichslalcment
is moslcorrect.
A2
(!_,-fbe rock' speedsalongtheir trajectoriesdon't dependon the massofihe rocksB. Sincethe rock reachthe sameheight,the rockshavethe samespeedson landiog.
C. Sincethe rockstakediffereDtpaths,they havedifferentgravitatiomlpotentialal the top of
their hajectories.
D. Sincethe rocksreachthe samheight,the rockshavethe sameinitial speeds.
E. At the top oftheir trajectories,rock A hashigherspeedthanrock B.
9. (2 pts) Now you throw a 1 kg rock nearlyverticallyat speedl0 fiL/s,so jt eventlrallylandsat
the baseof the cliff (trajectoryC). mich of the following statements
is mostcorrect.
A. Therock reacbes
heighl, of | 1.2m.
B. The rock reachesa heighti 1.2m.
C. Therock reachesa heishtll 100.m.
rockreaches
a height, 28.2m.
the
-\Jbe
E.
rock
reacbes
a
beigbrll 5.1 m.
f
10. (2 pts) Again considerthe I kg rock you threw nearlyverticallyat speedl0 m/s, so it
eventuallylandsat tbe baseofthe cliff(trajectory C). Which ofthe following statemetrts
is most
conect.Thc heightI is the rock's maximumhigh abovethe top ofthe cliff.
A ,fbe speedol'$e rockwbenit reaches
beigbtr/:} is 10.0m/s
heighl%, is 7.1rn/s.
\ B. /he speedofthe rock!rbeoil reaches
-t-. Thespeedoftbe rockwhenit reaches
heightZ, is 5.0 ms.
D. The speedof the rock when it reachesheigjt % h rs 2.5 m/s.
E. The speedofthe rock wheDit reachesheigjt % h rs 1.1 nls.

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11. (2 pts) Supposethe cliffdrops off 1 1o (dimension d). Agaitr coDsiderthe I kg rock you
threw nearly vertically at speedl0 d/s, so it eventually lands at the baseofthe cliff(trajectory
C). Wlich ofthe following statements
is mostcorect.
A. Thc specdofthe rock when it reachesthc bottomis 42. rn/s.
B. The spcedofthe rock whenit rcachcsthc boftomis 67. rr/s.
;f*Tbe speedofthe rock wben il reacbeslhe bonom is 100.rnls.
(p2f,he speedoflhe rock wben it rcacheslhe bonomis 140.m/s.
E, The speedofthe rock whetrit reachesthebottomis 191.ots.
12. (2 pts) Supposethe ctiffdrops off I km (dimensiond). Again considerthe I kg rock you
tbrcw nearly vertically at speedI 0 m/s, so il eventually lands at the baseof the clifl (trajectory
C). Which ofthe following statemcnts
is mostcorcct.
A. The kinetic energyofthe rock whenit reachesthe bottomis l. Joule.
B. fic kinericeoergyoflhe rock whenit reaches
thebonomis 100.Joule.
( C. )ihe kineticenergyof the rock when it reachesfte boflom is l.x l0a Joule.
'D-Jbe kinetic energyol'lhe rock wben il reacbesthc bonomis Lx 10"Joule.
E. The kinetic energy ofthe rock dependsotr the referencevalue for the gravitational potontial at
the top ofthe cliff.
13. (2 pts) Supposethe cliffdrops off I km (dimensiond;. Again considera rock you threw
nearlyverticallyat spced10r/s, so it evntuallylandsat the baseof the cliff (trajectoryC).
However, in this caseyou substitutea l0 kg rock in place ofthe I kg rock. Which ofthe
follo\ving slatementsis most corect regarding the khetic etrerry of the rock when it reachesthe
bottomofthe cliff
kineticenergyofthe rock doesDotdependon ils mass.
,-Aa{be
kireric energyof the l0 kg rock is x l0larger.
\lzTtre
The kio"ti"
ofthe l0 kg rock is x (10)'?larger.
"o".gy
D. The kitretic etrergyofthe 10 kg rock is is x y'10 larger.
-.
E. The kinetic encrgy ofthe 10 kg rock dependson the referencevalue for the gravitatiotral
potcntial at the top ofthe cliff.
14. (2 pts) Consider a spherically symmetric rock a personthrew ncarly vertically at speedl0
n/s, so it evetrtually lands at the baseof the cliff (tr'ajectory C). Which ofthe following
statements
is mostconect.
A. The center-of-massof the rock depetrdson its total mass.
ofLberock dependson the rock's orientationas i! moves.
aB-{be center-of-mass
of therock-Earth-person
( C..zhe cetrter-of-mass
systemdoesn'tdepetrdon whetherthe rock is
Y'rowr or not
D. As viewed in somerefercnce fiame, the center-ofmass ofthe rock-Earth-peNon systcm
movesthrough spaceat the samespeedas that ofthe rock.
E, The cetrter-of-mass
ofthe rock-Earth-DersoD
svstemis at the centerofthe rock.

Physicsl2l, Autumnl3

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15. (2 pts) CoDsidera sphedcally sJmmetric rcck you threw ncarly vertically at speedl0 D/s, so
its trajectory puts it at the baseofthc cliff (tmj ectory C). However, somewhereirl its flight, the
aockexplodesinto many ftagments.Which one ofthe following statementsis most corect.
A. Supposesomeofthe fi'agDetrtslatrd at the top ofthe cliffatrd somelaod at the bottom.
Rcgardlessofwherc the fiagments latrd, the cetrter-of-massofall the ftagmentsfollows the exact
rock.
/-sa-g)etmjectoryas thal oftbe uDexploded
( Bxall the fragmeDts
latrdat the cliffbottom without collidingwith atryextemalobjecton their
-way down, then the ceoter-of-massof all the fraggents follows the exact samehajectory as that
of the uoexplodedrock until frd8mentsstart to land.
C. For ihe center-of-massof the all the fiapetrts to have the exact sametrajectory as that ofthe
unexplodedrock, the fragmentscaDnothteract with eachother or any extemal object on their
way dom.
D. ID order to ktrow the path of the cetrter-of-massofthe fi:agments,you would have to know
details of how the fragmentsmoved at the mometrt of the explosion.
E. Just after the explosion, the center-of-massof the fiagments catrbe different than that ofthe
rock just before the explosion.
III SpriDgs. Considera roller coasteron the Earth's surfaceshown below with hvo identical
cars and two possiblepaths to the bottom (path A or B). At the bottom of the rcller coaster,
identical short masslesssprings for both paths A ard B prveDtthe cars ftom slamming into the
srouod.

TI
I

de-r'

16. (2 pts) Which statementis most corect.

A. The maximum length eachspring contractsotr impact dependson whether a car takespath A
or pathB.
B. The maximum length eachspdng conhactson impact is the same,but the time it takes from
,"lq{t cotrtact wilh the spri-ogto maximum spring contraction dependsor which path the car takes.
( CJf I ktrewthe springconsbnrand the startingheightofthe car,I would thenknow cnoughto
-16 able to find the maximum length contraction ofthe spring.
D. When the spring conhacts,it storeseDergy.Even for the caseofan ideal spring, the spring
,z.E{F\heat somedudng contlaction.
( E. l,fthere'sno mechatrism
to latchthe springcompressed,
the car recoilsbackup the path.The
ol'recoil doesD'ldepeodoDthe springcoostatrt.
Ved
Physics12l, Autumn13

Exm I, paSe5

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I 7. (2 pts) Suppose
theheigbtof tberoller coastcris I 00 m. Choosetheclosestvaluefor the
speedof thecarat thebotiomof thcpath.
A. 5, m,/s.
B. 15.m,/s.
r/s'
( -la-35
D.)5. nls.

Y.ss.-.r..

It. (2 pts)Suppose
rhehcightofthe rollercoaster
is 100m atrda loadedcarbasmass1000ks.
Chooscthe closestvaluefor thc kinetic energyofthe carat thebottomofrhe path.
A. l.xld Joule.
B. l.xl03Joule.
C. 1.x10'Joule.
Il*.!.x l0J Joule.
( E. lxl0" Joule.
19. (2 pts) Suppose
thc hcighrofthe roller coasteris 100m anda loadedcarhasmass1000kg.
Choosea valueclosestto lhe springconstantr sothemaximumcompression
ofthe springis I
m.

A ?.xlo{tmr.
(*!r2x lo"Jh'.
C. 2.x10"tm'
D. 2.xl0roJ/m2.
E, 2 . x l 1 tl !1 m2.
20. (2 pts) Suppose
theheightofthe roller coasteris l0Om atrda loadedcar hasoass 1000ke.
Now supposethe springis replacedby a l0 kg ,.shockabsorber"thatconvertsthekioetic enerly
of thecar into heat.This is closeto how the sbockabsorberin your carworks.Supposethe shJik
abso$erhasrbeFoperty lhat fo. every4 Joulesabso6edby tbe abso6er,oaegramofthe
absorberheas by I degreeCelsius (or about2 degresFsbrenheit),which is closeto the
propertyof water.Whichofthe followiog statmeltsmostdescribes
the temDeratueofthe
<hoqtabso$erafferoneuse?
(_3/re
absodergetswarmbur oothot eooughto boil water.
B . Theabsortergetsjust hot eooughto boil water.
C, Theabsorbereasilyboilswater,
D. Theabsorbereasilymeltsste1.
D. Thereis no hown substanca
tbat wouldDotmelt from thetemDeranrle
iise.

P hy s ic sI 2 l , Au tu mnIl

ExamI, paSc6

Stud. lD

Nr[r

Scora_

lnt

IV. B bdc t)cndrhm. A baUisticperduhm is usdto mcasurabullet specds.Thc pcnduftm

coDsisGof a lege woodnblock ofoass M r'rnging vcrticallyt'y two cods. A bullct ofEals E,
eavellingwith horizoalalspccdVi, stilrcs the pcqbtm andrcmaim cmbcddedh thc blocL
You ce arsurnetle collisior rimc (thc timc for bullct to comcto rrt wi$ Gspcctto thc block)
is otrrhesur&ccof thc
is soal coqqrcd ro thc swing ' - ofthc pcorhrlm, andlhc apparatus
Earth.

\,:\

.\

- --t..
i

.!

.:=-i
2f . (4 prs)wfar's 6e borizontl vclocit (m.gdt".tf ard dircctio) g!$c blockVrjustsftrthe

c'nision?
Cor

Pl

v'1Vt = (M

-*1

A fw1

"t) V

v,c

22. (4pts)Whar'sthcvclocity(nagnitdc anddircction)oftrc bullst-blockc.otcr-of-Dassjust

beforethecollisiod
--5

Q^

Y,
vr.
PfFics l2l, AutllDn ll

+ A/l f'
' ''N

tMf

wtrlq

-JF
-rr

__.v;
ry rtll

qVn

,ffi
vnl*M
Errn I, Fac t

Studeri II)

Nlme

23. (4 pts) In termsof m, M andVi, wbat'sthemaximumheighty ihe block risesafterthe

collision?

Ko*V=K**y.
\v|
L(n , o'r){t_ n1
r

l-* O . o n ( . * M ) a Y

/vl J
[ rq \1, 1L

|
=4
Y 2,#rJ

\/

2,1. (6 pts)In termsofn, M, the lengthofrhe string& the angle0 the striagmakeswith the
verticaldirectioa,andV;, what's the speedofthe block asa fiuction of 0?

Ko -* V, = .k +
l -V+
o=

v ? n ,r ) l #"\' +

vi")
L@,^)
( * tr u \AY(o)
+' ",' Y(o\
tl ? ( l - ( a s o )

v2 (o ). = ( # _ )
-_ ltttV;r/1qr r.1 \

=* / !:! ; 1,
Y
'
\ *1 +/'4 '/
4
^4 vi

= vLA'/

ra+M

a' l+ M \ /--\vi. . = ::-,/'lV26l

26. (6 pts) Sometimes

thc bullet doesn'temH within thebloch but irsteadbouocesbackwards
offlhe block$,irhthehalfthe speedasthebullet's ioitial sped.In rhis casgwherethebullet

/Ph'sics121,Auturnn13

1 /^v ;
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[30 points total] This question consists of two unrelated parts, A and B.
A. [12 pts] Two cars travel on a long, straight road. Car 1 is ahead of car 2.
During the short time interval from ti to tf, car 1 speeds up while car 2 slows
down.

Car 1
speeds up

During the interval from ti to tf, does the distance between the two cars increase,
decrease, or remain the same? If there is not enough information to answer,
state what additional information is needed. Explain.
While we know the direction of the accelerations of cars 1 and 2 based on
whether they are speeding up or slowing down, this is not enough to completely
Car 2
determine the instantaneous velocities of the cars. For that, we would need to
slows
down
know the initial velocities of cars 1 and 2 before they started accelerating.
Since the relative velocities of cars 1 and 2 tell us how the distance between the
two cars changes, there is not enough information to answer this question. To be even more
complete, we would also need the magnitudes of the accelerations and the magnitude of the time
interval to completely determine the change in the separation distance.
B. Two blocks on a level, frictionless surface collide, as shown. The mass of block A is less than the
mass of block B (mA < mB).
In Experiment 1, it is observed that the blocks stick together after colliding and move to the right.
Directions of motion
A

i.

Experiment 1
Before

After

Direction of motion
A

[9 pts] Before the collision, is the speed of block A, vAi1, greater than, less than, or equal to the
speed of block B, vBi1? If there is not enough information to answer, state so explicitly. Explain.
Because the net external force acting on the system of blocks A and B is zero, momentum in the
collision must be conserved. Since the final momentum is to the right with pTotf1 = (mA+mB) vAf1
(where vAf1 = vBf1 since the blocks stick together), the initial momentum must have also been to
the right. This requires pAi1 > pBi1. Since mA < mB, it must be the case that vAi1 > vBi1.

ii. [9 pts] Experiment 2 is identical to Experiment 1 except that a part of each block is replaced with
magnets that repel each other. The total mass of carts A and B remained unchanged. The two
blocks are sent toward each other in an identical manner.
It is observed that block B moves to the right after the collision with speed vAi1.
Directions of motion
A

Experiment 2
Before

After

Direction of motion
?
B
A

Is the magnitude of the final momentum of block A in this experiment, pAf2, greater than,
less than, or equal to the magnitude of the final momentum of block A in experiment 1, pAf1? If
there is not enough information to answer, state so explicitly. Explain.
Again, momentum is conserved by the argument above. Furthermore, in experiment 1, for
momentum conservation to hold, we must have vAi1 > vAf1. Because mB > mA, it follows that pBf2 >
pTotf1. In order to compensate for block Bs much larger final momentum, the final momentum of
block A in experiment 2, pAf2, must point to the left with a magnitude greater than pAf1, the final

Physics 121B, Autumn 2013

Exam 1

ME-UWA121B134T-E1(A1D,CNP)_sol.doc

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momentum of block A in experiment 1. This follows by noting that, in experiment 1, the direction
of the final momenta of A and B were aligned, while in experiment 2, the direction of the final
momenta of A and B were anti-aligned.

Physics 121B, Autumn 2013

Exam 1

ME-UWA121B134T-E1(A1D,CNP)_sol.doc