Geography (class

VII)
Chapter 1: Environment
Question/Answer
1) What is an Eco-system?
Ans)
All plants animals depend on
each other and on their immediate
surroundings. They are interdependent on
each other. Their relationship between living
organisms and their surrounding form an
eco-system.
2) What do you mean by natural
environment?
Ans)
Environment is our basic life
support system. It provides the air we
breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat
and the land we live. These airs, water, land,
plants and animals comprises the natural
environment.

3) What are the major components of

environment?
Ans)
Natural-atmosphere,
lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere.
Human made-buildings, parks, bridges,
roads, industries, monuments
Human-individual, family, community,
religion, educational, economics, political
situation
4) What is Lithosphere?
Ans)
Lithosphere is the solid crust or the
hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of
rocks and minerals and covered by a thin
layer of soil. It is an irregular surface with
various landforms such as mountains,
plateaus, plains, valleys, etc. Landforms are
found over the continents and also on the
ocean floors.
Lithosphere is the domain that provides
us forests, grasslands for grazing, land for
agriculture and human settlements. It is
also a source of mineral wealth.

5)
Which are the two major components
of biotic environment?
Ans)
Animals and plants are the two
major components of biotic environment.
6) What is biosphere?

Ans)
Plants and animal kingdom
together form biosphere of leaving world. It
is a narrow zone of earth where land, water
and air interact with each other to support
life.

Chapter 2: Inside our

Earth
Question/Answer
1) What are the three layer of the earth?
Ans)
Starting from the outside, the
outermost surface of earth is the crust,
mantle is the earths interior layer, and the
innermost layer is the core. (Sequencecrust mantle and core)

2) What is a rock?
Ans)
The mass of mineral matter with
which earths crust in made up of its called
rock.
3) Name the three types of rocks?
Ans)

There are three types of rocks.

(a) Igneous Rock.

(b) Sedimentary Rock.
(c) Metamorphic Rock.
4) How are extrusive and intrusive rocks
formed?
Ans)
When the molten magma comes
on the earths surface, it rapidly cools down
and become solid. Rocks formed in such a
way on the crust are called extrusive
igneous rock. Sometimes the molten
magma cools down deep inside the earths
crust. Solid rocks so formed are called
intrusive igneous rock.
5) What do you mean by rock cycle?
Ans)
The molten magma cools; it
solidifies to become igneous rock. These

igneous rocks are broken down into small

particles that are transported and deposited
to form sedimentary rocks.
When the
igneous
and
sedimentary
rocks
are
subjected to heat and pressure they change
into metamorphic rocks. The metamorphic
rocks which are still under great heat and
pressure melt down to form molten magma.
This molten magma again can cool down
and solidify into igneous rocks.
6) What are the uses of rocks?
Ans)
Rocks are very useful to us. The
hard rocks are used for making roads
houses and buildings.
The historical
monuments are also made up of rocks.
7) What are metamorphic rocks?
Ans)
When igneous and sedimentary
rocks came in contact with high pressure
and high temperature during chemical
alternation then metamorphic rocks are
formed.

Chapter 3: Our changing

Earth
Question/Answer
1) Why do the plates move?
Ans)
These plates move around very
slowly just few millimeters each year. This
is because of the movement of the molten
magma inside the earth. The molten
magma inside the earth moves in a circular
manner.
2) What are exogenic and endogenic
forces?
Ans)
The forces which act in the
interior of the earth are called as
endogenic forces and the forces that work
on surface of the earth are called as
exogenic forces.
3)

What is erosion?

Ans) Erosion is the wearing away of the

landscape by different agents like water,
wind and ice. The eroded material is carried
away or transported by water, wind, etc.

and eventually deposited. This process of

erosion and deposition create different
landforms on the surface of the earth.
4)

How are flood plains formed?

Ans)
At times the river overflows its
banks .This lead to a flooding of the
neighboring areas .As it floods, it deposit
layers of fine soil and other material called
sediments along its banks . This lead to the
formation of flat fertile flood plains.
5)

What are sand dunes?

Ans)
When the wind blows, it lifts and
transports sand from one place to another.
When it stops blowing the sand falls and
gets deposited in low hill-like structures.
These are called sand dunes.

6) How are beaches formed?

Ans)
7) What are ox bow lakes?

Ans)
Due to continuous erosion and
deposition along the sides of the meander
the ends of the meander loop come closer
and closer. In due course of time the
meander loop cuts off from the river and
forms a cut-off lake, also called and ox-bow
lake.