Waste incinerators are known to be a source of trace metals in atmospheric particulates, although

abatement technology on modern incinerators is designed to limit their emissions to low levels
(Buonanno et al., 2009; Nixon et al., 2013). ZnCl2 is a prominent component, while Sb, Cd and
Pb are also known to be emitted by incinerators. These three metals in combination have been
used as a marker for incinerator emissions (Tolocka et al., 2005). A previous study reported that
number size distributions of particles containing V, Fe, As and Pb peaked at 150 nm in Baltimore
(Tolocka et al., 2004), indicative of combustion and incineration sources. Some studies consider
this size range relevant to the ultrafine. Cernuschi et al. (2012) reported that metals accounted for
17% of total PM mass below 50 nm and 22% below 100 nm emitted from four waste to energy
plants, and observed that particle formation mechanisms are similar to solid fuels such as coal.
The main metals in ultrafine and nanoparticle emissions (100 nm and 50 nm respectively) were
Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn. Traces of Ti, V, Mn and Co were also detected (Cernuschi et al., 2012).
Buonanno et al. (2011) measured metal content in particles of 50, 100, 150 and 200 nm.
Concentrations of metals with boiling points below 1200C (As, Cd, Zn) were found to decrease
with increasing particle size and metals with higher boiling points (Co, Cr, Fe, Sb, Sc, Sm, Th,
Eu, Yb) to increase with particle size, as the more volatile elements boiled and then nucleated
during cooling. The less volatile elements remained in the solid phase (Buonanno et al., 2011).
However, modern energy from waste plants have extremely low nanoparticle emissions
(Buonanno et al., 2009; Ragazzi et al., 2013).
Prevod: Pei za spaljivanje otpada su poznati kao izvori tragova metala u atmosferskim
esticama, iako je tehnologija na savremenim peima za spaljivanje je podeena da ogranii
emisiju metala do niskog nivoa. ZnCl2 je istaknuta komponenta, dok Sb, Cd I Pb su komponente
koje se emituju iz pei za spaljivanje. Ova tri metala su koriena kao marker prilikom emisije iz
pei za spaljivanje. Prethodna studija dokazuje da su veliki broj distribucije estica koja sadre V,
Fe, Kao i Pb, dostigla vrhunac od 150 nm u Baltimoru (Tolocka i dr 2004.,), to ukazuje na
sagorevanje. Neke studije su razmotrile ovaj opseg I smatraju ga relevantnim. Cernuschi et al.
(2012) navode da metali ine 17% ukupne PM mase ispod 50 nm i 22% ispod 100 nm emitovane
od otpada energetskih postrojenja, a primeeno je I da mehanizmi koje formiraju estice su slini
vrstim gorivima kao to je ugalj. Glavni metali u emisijama ultrafinih nanoestica (100 nm i 50
nm respektivno) Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb i Zn. Takoe su otkriveni tragovi Ti, V, Mn i Co (Cernuschi i dr,
2012.). Buonanno et al. (2011) je merio sadraj metala u esticama od 50, 100, 150 i 200 nm.
Kod metala sa takom kljuanja ispod 1200 C (As, Cd, Zn) utvreno je da se koncentracija
smanjuje sa poveanjem veliine estica, a kod metala sa viim takama kljuanja (CO, Cr, Fe,
Sb, Sc, Sm, Th, Eu, Yb) da se poveava sa veliinom estice, kako vie isparljivi elementi
kljuaju i zatim se uobliavaju (ujezgriti) tokom hlaenja. Manje Isparljivi elementi ostaju u
vrstoj fazi (Buonanno et al, 2011.). Meutim, moderna energije iz biljnog otpada ima izuzetno
niske emisije nanoestica (Buonanno i dr, 2009;.. Ragazzi i dr, 2013).

Many metals are also emitted by coal combustion, such as in power generation. Linak et al.
(2007) reported that fly ash particles below 500 nm contained elevated concentrations of more
volatile metals such as Na, K and V. Fe is the most important metal and is reported to occur quite
uniformly in all size fractions, with nano particulate g-Fe2O3 being especially prominent below
500 nm (Linak et al., 2007). Zn and Ni concentrations measured in ultrafine particulate matter by
Park et al. (2008b) in Gwangju, Korea, were found to exhibit a strong wind direction dependence
which tied them to a nearby industrial complex, from which the main sources were metallurgical
processes (Park et al., 2008b).
Prevod: Mnogi metali se takoe emituju sagorevanjem uglja, kao to je to sluaj kod generisanja
energije. Linak et al. (2007) navode da lebdee estice pepela ispod 500 nm sadre poviene
koncentracije vie isparljivih metala kao to su Na, K i V. Fe je najvaniji metal i javlja se dosta
ravnomerno u svim frakcijama, sa nano esticama g-Fe2O3 jedinjenja I to posebno ispod 500 nm
(Linak et al., 2007). Zn i Ni koncentracije izmerene u ultrafinim esticama (2008b) u Gvangju,
Koreja, pokazuju jaku zavisnost koncentracije sa oblinjim industrijskim kompleksom, gde se
odvijaju metalurki procesi, koji su izvori koncentracije(Park et al., 2008b).