QUESTION TO ASK WHEN YOU INVETED TO SPEAK

SPEECH CONTENTS
is the presentation?
WHY CONDUCT THEM?
Goals (a maximum of three points).
d when is the event?

They can ofer your group valuable insights into the community
Defne the
problem.
a be present?

They can provide a database for guiding and explaining actions

Background information.
e size of the audience?

They can help link your group with people who are able and willing to help
e audience mix?
Solution to the problem and benefts of the solution.

They can provide the group with feedback

e event advertised and promoted?
Citizen involvement.
be a social event beforehand to get to know some
of the audience?
"Grabber"
(an exciting, enthusiastic and positive ending).
spouse invited?
Remember to rehearse (approximately six times too much rehearsing can cause loss of
e been allocated for questions following the speech?

HOW TO CONDUCT A FORUM

experts are in your area

WHAT ARE PUBLIC FORUM?
speakers with diferent backgrounds about forum topic.
give a short presentation, followed by a question-and-answer periodCitizen discuss important issues as health problems
AVOID
Give people of divers backgrounds a chance to express their
the forum for printed materials and a list of resources in your area
a person.
Areschools
a frst step
understanding
communitys
fiers about the event to community centers, health care organizations,
and toward
libraries,
or anywhere the
there
is a bulletinneeds
boar
r hands in front or behind you.
r hands in your pockets or on the podium

A FORUM
HOW TO CONDUCT

Barriers

at might oppose eforts to prevent or solve the problem?

e involved efectively?
e other limits on efective prevention/treatment?

e barriers and resistance be overcome?

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO CONDUCT A PUBLIC F

Meeting place
Issues and Concerns
Community members
What are the problems?

Easel/newsprint /markers
What are the consequences?

Facilitator
Who is afected?

Recorder
How are they afected?

Willingness to listen carefully

Are there related issues of concern?
Are these issues of widespread concern?

How should you organize a public forum?

Hold meetings at diferent sites to get real representation.
Schedule the forum at an easy-to-fnd, public location which is accessible and comfortable - for examp
If possible, hold the forum in the evening to avoid time conficts with work and school.
Personally recruit community leaders and diverse community members to attend the meetings. Ask t
is neutral on the topic, who has good listening and group process skills, and who can keep things moving and on track.
Provide transportation to the meeting if necessary.
nd group size allow, let all participants introduce themselves.
Resources
for tone.
Change
Serve light refreshments if possible. They encourage mingling
and set a friendly
What resources are needed?
What local people or groups could contribute?
What monies and materials are needed?
Where might they be obtained?
s around a sign-up sheet to get on a mailing list or to help out in other ways.
nd concerns; barriers and resistance to addressing the issues and concerns; community resources for change; recommended alternatives and
Announce the next meeting if possible.
th thanks, and with mention of opportunities for further involvement.

HOW TO
CONDUCT

Teenage
EFFECT
MOTHER
A Prevention
FORUM
pregnan
The frst key in preventing too young of
SeveralSocioeconomic
studies have examined
factors the socioeconomic,
Age discrepancy
relationships
marriage
and divorcein
statistics
is to work
cy medical, and psychological impact of pregnancy and
toward preventing teen pregnancy in the frst

According to the Family Research Council,

place
a conservative lobbying organization,
Abstinence from sex (oral, anal or vaginal) is
studies in the US indicate that age
the only behavior that is 100 percent efective
discrepancy between the teenage girls
at preventing teenage pregnancy
and the men who impregnate them is an
using contraception during sexual intercourse
important contributing factor
can also prevent teenage pregnancy. Whether
using barrier or hormonal methods,
contraception can help to avoid pregnancy.

Teenage pregnancy
hasLife
beenoutcomes
defned for teenage
parenthood
in teens.
predominantly
the research
and
mothers andwithin
their children
vary;feld
other
factors, such
social
a social may be more
as among
poverty
or agencies
social as
support,
problem.Poverty
is associated
increased
important than
the age of with
the mother
at the birth.
rates
of teenage
pregnancy.[62]
Economically
Many
solutions
to counteract
the more negative
poor
countries
such
asproposed.
Niger andBangladesh
fndings
have
been
Being
a young
mother
in an
industrialized
have
far more
teenage
mothers
compared
with country
economically
countries
such Teen
as Switzerland
can afectrich
one's
education.
mothers are more
andofJapan
likely to drop out
high school.

EFFECT

EFFECT

CHILD

Other family members

Early motherhood can afect the psychosocial

development of the infant. The children of teen
mothers are more likely to be born prematurely
with a low birth weight, predisposing them to
many other lifelong conditions.Children of teen
mothers are at higher risk of intellectual,
language, and socio-emotional delays
Poor academic performance in the children of
teenage mothers has also been noted, with
many of them being more likely than average
to fail to graduate from secondary school, be
held back a grade level, or score lower on

EFFECT

Maternal and prenatal health is of particular

concern among teens who are pregnant or
parenting.
The
worldwide
incidence
ofpremature birth and low birth weight is
higher among adolescent mothers
Many pregnant teens are at risk of nutritional
defciencies from poor eating habits common
in adolescence, including attempts to lose
weight through dieting, skipping meals, food
faddism, snacking, and consumption of fast

Teen pregnancy and motherhood can infuence

younger siblings. One study found that the
younger sisters of teen mothers were less likely
to emphasize the importance of education and
employment and more likely to accept human
sexual behavior,parenting, and marriage at
younger ages; younger brothers, too, were
found to be more tolerant of non-marital and
early births, in addition to being more
susceptible to high-risk behaviors

WHAT IS TEENAGE PREGNANCY?

Teenage
pregnancy
is
pregnancy in human females
under the age of 20 at the time
that the pregnancy ends. A
pregnancy can take place in a
pubertal
female
before
menarche (the frst menstrual
period), which signals the
possibility ofertility, but usually
occurs after menarche. In wellnourished
girls,
menarche
usually takes place around the

Causes
General

In some societies, early marriage and traditional gender roles are

important factors in the rate of teenage pregnancy. For example,
in some sub-Saharan African countries, early pregnancy is often
seen as a blessing because it is proof of the young woman's
fertility
In societies where adolescent marriage is less common, such as
many developed countries, young age at frst intercourse and lack
of use of contraceptive methods (or their inconsistent and/or
incorrect use; the use of a method with a high failure rate is also a

Sexuality

Men in Western developed countries have

sex for the frst time sooner than in
undeveloped and culturally conservative
countries such as Sub-Saharan Africa and
much of Asia.
In a 2005 Kaiser Family Foundation study of
US teenagers, 29% of teens reported feeling
pressure to have sex, 33% of sexually active
teens reported "being in a relationship where
they felt things were moving too fast

Role of drug and alcohol use

Inhibition-reducing drugs and alcohol may possibly

encourage unintended sexual activity. If so, it is unknown
if the drugs themselves directly infuence teenagers to
engage in riskier behavior, or whether teenagers who
engage in drug use are more likely to engage in sex
The drugs with the least evidence to support a link to
early pregnancy are opioids, such as heroin, morphine,
and oxycodone, of which a well-known efect is the
signifcant reduction of libido it appears that teenage
opioid users have signifcantly reduced rates of
conception compared to their non-using, and alcohol,
"ecstasy", cannabis, and amphetamine using peers.