Pediatric Cardiac Surgery at Best Hospitals in India

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Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Paediatric Heart Surgery in India with the Best Paediatric
Heart surgeons in India is what you would want if your little
one is suffering from any heart ailment. India affiliate Paediatric
heart surgeons in India are among the top paediatric heart
specialists and offer best in paediatric heart care. Affordable
Pediatric Heart Surgery in India at Best Cardiac Hospitals with
Top Pediatric Cardiac Surgeons in India

Pediatric Cardiac Surgery often deals with heart problems in children, the cause of congenital
heart diseases which are common heart ailments among new born children and involves
deficiencies like structural defects, congenital arrythmias and cardiomyopathies, which result in
different kinds of abnormalities related to the heart. Congenital heart disease is a cause of
improper growth of the heart or blood vessels before birth.

Major Types of Cardiac Defects in Children :ASD- Atrial Septal Defect ASD:- Atrial Septal
Defect refers to a hole in the septum that separates
the right and left atrium. This results in mixing of pure
and impure blood. Depending on the size of the
defect, the symptoms may range from no symptoms
to bluish discoloration of the body, increase
pulmonary blood pressure and irregular cardiac
contractions (arrhythmias).
It is corrected by open heart surgery. The sternum is split in the midline. Arterial
and double venous (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava) vessels are
clamped. By applying cardiopulmonary bypass (heart lung machine), the aorta is
clamped, and the heart is temporarily paralyzed by a solution. The right atrium is
opened and the defect is sutured.

Ventricular Septal Defect :- Ventricular Septal Defect is a hole in the wall between the
right and left ventricles of the heart, which usually develops before birth. This defect can lead
to right and left ventricles working quite hard leading to their failure. Blood returning to the
heart from the blood vessels backs up into the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion, and
further backup into the body, causing weight gain and fluid retention. Small VSDs' are
symptomless and closed spontaneously as the child grows, but the large VSDs' cause
symptoms like difficulty in breathing and feeding, poor growth and pallor. The symptoms
occur due to the increase in size of the right ventricle (right ventricular hypertrophy) and
increase in pressure inside the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).
Fallot's Tetralogy :- It is the most common congenital heart defect in children. The defect
results in mixing of pure and impure blood. It comprises a combination of four defects- right
ventricular hypertrophy (increase in the size of right lower chamber), ventricular septal defect
(whole in the wall between the two ventricles), abnormal position of aorta (aorta is on right
side of heart instead of the left) and pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of pulmonary valve
opening which prevents outflow of blood from right ventricle).

Double Valve Repair and Replacement

Valves are openings between two chambers and also between a chamber and
artery which allows unidirectional flow of blood. The patency of these valves is very
important for normal flow of blood. The function of mitral valve (between left atrium
and left ventricle) and the aortic valve (between left ventricle and aorta) is very
important.

If these valves get narrowed, the amount of blood passing from left atrium to left
ventricle (mitral valve) or from left ventricle to aorta (aortic valve) is drastically
reduced. In this case the heart will pump blood harder to push it through the
narrowed valves. But the blood will tend to go upwards back into the pulmonary vein
and finally to the lungs.

How is the Surgery Performed ?

Open heart surgery: It is done under general anesthesia.
Firstly an incision is made through the breastbone. Then
some tubes are used to re-route the blood through a
special pump called a heart-lung bypass machine. This
machine keeps the blood warm and adds oxygen to the
blood and it keeps on moving through the rest of the body
while the surgeon is repairing the heart.

Thoracotomy: This Procedure is used for some type of heart defect repairs, wherein
the incision is made on the side of the chest, between the ribs. It is also called a
closed-heart surgery. This surgery is done with the help of special instruments and a
camera.

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