Wiley Edition 13 ch26

Package Title: Testbank
Course Title: pap14e

Chapter Number: 26
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) Which is not a major function of the kidney?

a) regulation of blood ionic composition
b) regulation of blood cell size
c) regulation of blood volume
d) regulation of blood pressure
e) regulation of blood pH
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 26.1 List the functions of the kidneys.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.1 Overview of Kidney Functions
2) This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.

a) glycolysis
b) gluconeogenesis
c) glucosamine
d) glucose
e) calcitriol
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
3) Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

a) urea
b) glucose
c) insulin
d) cholesterol
e) carbon dioxide
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
4) This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the
ureter.
a) adipose capsule
b) renal capsule
c) renal hilus
d) renal cortex
e) renal medulla
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.2 Describe the anatomy of the kidneys
Study Objective 2: SO 26.2.1 Describe the external and internal gross anatomical features of the
kidneys.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.2 Anatomy and Histology of the Kidneys
5) The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the
a) renal columns
b) renal medulla
c) renal pelvis
d) calyces
e) renal papilla
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
kidneys.
6) Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

a) renal artery > segmental artery > interlobular artery > peritubular capillaries > afferent
arterioles
b) interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > arcuate veins
c) arcuate veins > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > renal vein
d) renal vein > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > efferent arterioles
e) interlobar veins > afferent arterioles > efferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 2: SO 26.2.2 Trace the path of blood flow through the kidneys.
7) Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?

a) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
(DCT), collecting duct
b) nephron loop, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, collecting duct
c) ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct
d) collecting duct, DCT, PCT, collecting duct, glomerular capsule
e) PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, collecting duct, nephron loop
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO 26.2.3 Describe the structure of renal corpuscles and renal tubules.
8) Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?

a) glomerular capsule
b) nephron loop
c) ascending limb
d) collecting duct
e) proximal convoluted tubule
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.5 Describe tubular reabsorption and secretion.
Study Objective 2: SO 26.5.2 Describe how specific segments of the renal tubule and collecting
duct reabsorb water and solutes.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.5 Tubular Reabsorption and Tubular Secretion.
9) This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

a) glomerular capsule
b) nephron loop
c) ascending limb
d) collecting duct
e) renal tubule
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
10) This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.
a) reabsorption
b) filtration
c) secretion
d) excretion
e) none of these choices
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
11) This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed
filtrate.
a) reabsorption
b) filtration
c) secretion
d) excretion
e) none of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium

12) This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a
glycoprotein matrix.
a) glomerular endothelial cells
b) basal lamina
c) pedicels
d) filtration slits
e) slit membrane
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.4 Describe glomerular filtration.
Study Objective 2: SO 26.4.1 Describe the filtration membrane.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.4 Glomerular Filtration
13) This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent
arterioles.
a) glomerular filtration rate
b) tubulomerular feedback
c) myogenic mechanism
d) renal autoregulation
e) capsular hydrostatic pressure
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
14) This occurs when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical
membrane, across the cytosol, and then into the interstitial fluid.
a) paracellular reabsoprtion
b) transcellular reabsoprtion
c) apical reasborption
d) basolateral reabsorption
e) active transport
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO26.5.1 Describe the routes and mechanisms of tubular reabsorption and
secretion.
15) The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb which percentage of filtered water?
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 65%
d) 80%
e) 99%
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO 26.5.1 Describe the routes and mechanisms of tubular reabsorption and
secretion.
16) Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?
a) It increases GFR
b) It can decrease GFR
c) It enhances reabsorption of certain ions
d) It stimulates the release of aldosterone
e) None of these choices
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
17) Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the

a) renal capsule
b) nephron loop
c) ascending tubule
d) renal medulla
e) renal pelvis
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.6 Describe how the renal tubule and collecting ducts produce dilute
and concentrated urine.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.6 Production of Dilute and Concentrated Urine
18) Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) ______________ of blood
____________?
a) increase, pressure
b) decrease, volume
c) increase, sodium levels
d) decrease, pH
e) increase, urea
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
19) Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n) ______________ of blood

____________?
a) increase, potassium
b) decrease, volume
c) increase, calcium levels
d) decrease, pH
e) increase, sodium
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium

20) An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called
a) urinalysis
b) filtration study
c) concentration study
d) diuretic
e) osmolarity
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 26.7 Understand urinalysis and renal plasma clearance.
Study Objective 2: SO 26.7.1 Define urinalysis and describe its importance.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.7 Evaluation of Kidney Function
21) Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine?
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 80%
e) 95%
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
22) This is a test to measure kidney function.

a) Plasma creatinine
b) Renal study
c) Kidney assay
d) Dialysis
e) Hilus study
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO26.7.1 Define urinalysis and describe its importance.
23) This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

a) Urethra
b) Ureter
c) Descending nephron loop
d) Renal hilus
e) None of these choices
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 26.8 Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the ureters,
urinary bladder, and urethra.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.8 Urine Transportation, Storage, and Elimination
24) This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers.
a) Mucosa
b) Transitional epithelium
c) Lamina propria
d) Adventitia
e) Lamina elastica
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
25) This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.
a) Urethral sphincter
b) Adventitia bundle
c) Ureter
d) Internal urethral orifice
e) Muscularis bundle
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
26) This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.
a) A
b) B
c) C
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium

kidneys.
27) This layers main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the
abdominal cavity.
a) A
b) B
c) C
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
kidneys.
28) This layer runs deep to the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the kidneys.
a) A
b) B
c) C
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
kidneys.
29) This can be divided into the cortical zone and the juxtamedullary zone.
a) A
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) G
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
kidneys.
30) Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.
a) I
b) J
c) K
d) L
e) H
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
kidneys.
31) This structure is the apex of a renal pyramid.
a) E
b) D
c) G
d) K
e) L
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
kidneys.
32) Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.
a) H
b) I
c) J
d) K
e) L
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
kidneys.
33) What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?
a) A and B
b) C and D
c) E and F
d) K and L
e) N and O
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
34) Where is the distal convoluted tubule?
a) D
b) E
c) J
d) K
e) L
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
35) Where is the arcuate vein?
a) E
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
36) Where is the ascending limb of the nephron loop?
a) C
b) D
c) J
d) K
e) L
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
37) Where is the corticomedullary junction?
a) G
b) J
c) M
d) N
e) O
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
38) Where is the papillary duct?
a) C
b) F
c) H
d) N
e) O
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
39) What does line M point to?
a) Arcuate artery
b) Arcuate vein
c) Collecting duct
d) Descending loop
e) Efferent arteriole
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO26.2.3 Describe the structure of renal corpuscles and renal tubules.
40) What is line C pointing to?
a) Distal convoluted tubule

b) Interlobular artery
c) Efferent arteriole
d) Arcuate artery
e) Corticomedullary junction
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
41) What is line A pointing to?
a) Fenestration
b) Pedicel
c) Filtration slit
d) Basal lamina
e) Lumen of the glomerulus
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
42) What is line B pointing to?
a) Fenestration
b) Pedicel
c) Filtration slit
d) Basal lamina
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
43) What is line C pointing to?
a) Fenestration
b) Pedicel
c) Filtration slit
d) Basal lamina
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
44) What is line D pointing to?
a) Fenestration
b) Pedicel
c) Filtration slit
d) Basal lamina
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Question type: Essay
45) Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO 26.2.2 Trace the path of blood flow through the kidneys.
Solution: Kidneys receive 20 to 25% of the resting cardiac output via the renal arteries. The renal
arteries branch to form segmental arteries, which branch to form interlobar arteries (through
renal columns) to arcuate arteries (over bases of pyramids) to interlobular arteries. The
interlobular arteries branch to form afferent arterioles to each nephron. Afferent arterioles branch
to form glomerular capillaries where filtration occurs. Glomerular capillaries merge to form
efferent arterioles, which then branch to form peritubular capillaries. Juxtamedullary nephrons
also have vasa recta capillaries around them. Peritubular capillaries merge to form peritubular
veins and with the vasa recta to form interlobular veins to arcuate veins to interlobar veins.
Blood exits the kidney via renal veins.
46) Trace the flow of a water molecule through the nephrons from the afferent arteriole to the
minor calyx.
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: The water would flow from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus, where it would
be filtered into the Bowmans capsule. From the Bowmans capsule, it would enter the proximal
convoluted tubule (PCT). Most of its companion water molecules would be reabsorbed into the
blood from the PCT. The next part of the trip would take the water molecule through the
descending of the nephron loop, where more of its companion water molecules would be
reabsorbed. From there, the water molecule would climb the ascending nephron loop and move
into the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Toward the end of the DCT and most of the collecting
duct, there are principal cells that respond to ADH and can reabsorb more water molecules. If not
reabsorbed in the DCT or the collecting duct, the water molecule would move into the papillary
duct that drains into the minor calyx.
47) Describe the structural features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its blood filtering
capacity.
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: Endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are fenestrated. Their basement
membranes are part of the filtering mechanism. Podocytes with filtration slits between pedicels
wrap the glomerular capillaries. The large surface area also contributes to filtering ability, as
does the high glomerular hydrostatic pressure created by the arrangement of the afferent and
efferent arterioles, in which the diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than that of the
afferent arteriole.
48) Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood
pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: Dehydration causes a decrease in blood volume and pressure, which then decreases
glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The juxtaglomerular( JG) cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
sense decreased stretch and macula densa cells sense decreased water. The JG cells secrete renin,
which converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I. The latter is converted to angiotensin
II by angiotensin converting enzymes in the lungs. Angiotensin II causes constriction of efferent
arterioles, increased thirst, greater ADH secretion from the posterior pituitary, and increased
secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Blood volume is increased, which increases
venous return, stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure. GFR is also increased.
49) Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.6 Describe how the renal tubule and collecting ducts produce dilute
and concentrated urine.
Section Reference 1: Sec 26.6 Production of Dilute and Concentrated Urine
Solution: Countercurrent flow refers to the flow of fluid in opposite directions in parallel tubing
(tubules and blood vessels). The arrangement allows gradients to develop between tubular fluid,
blood, and interstitial fluid. Gradients allow for reabsorption of large amounts of water and ions
from the tubular fluid.
50) Fluid flowing from point N in the figure will go to which structure next?
a) G
b) H
c) C
d) B
e) K
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
51) Fluid flowing from point G in the figure will go to which structure next?
a) N
b) H
c) I
d) M
e) K
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
52) Fluid flowing from point H in the figure will go to which structure next?
a) L
b) B
c) I
d) G
e) N
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
53) Fluid flowing from point B in the figure will go to which of the following structures?
a) J
b) M
c) I
d) G
e) H
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
54) Which vessel in the diagram is the afferent arteriole?
a) C
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) L
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
55) Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular vein?
a) C
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) L
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
56) Which vessel(s) in the diagram are the vasa recta?
a) C
b) D
c) E
d) M
e) L
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
57) Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular artery?
a) D
b) E
c) F
d) L
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
58) Which vessel in the diagram is the arcuate artery?
a) C
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) L
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium

59) Which vessel(s) in the diagram are the peritubular capillaries?
a) C
b) D
c) E
d) M
e) L
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
60) An increase in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease, injury, or irritation of
kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins, ether, or heavy metals indicates which
condition?
a) albuminuria
b) lucosuria
c) robilinogenuria
d) ketonuria
e) bilirubinuria
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
61) Anorexia, starvation, or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition?
a) albuminuria
b) glucosuria
c) urobilinogenuria
d) ketonuria
e) bilirubinuria
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
62) Stress, causing excessive amounts of epinephrine secretion which stimulates glycogen
breakdown, indicates which condition? This condition can also indicate diabetes mellitus.
a) albuminuria
b) glucosuria
c) urobilinogenuria
d) hematuria
e) bilirubinuria
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
63) Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin, caused by

pernicious anemia, infectious hepatitis, jaundice or cirrhosis, indicates which condition?
a) albuminuria
b) glucosuria
c) urobilinogenuria
d) hematuria
e) bilirubinuria
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
64) This substance gives bile its major pigmentation:

a) ketone bodies
b) erythrocytes
c) casts
d) bilirubin
e) glucose
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard

65) These are tiny masses of material, hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are
flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them:
a) ketone bodies
b) erythrocytes
c) casts
d) microbes
e) urobilinogen
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
66) Candida albicans and E. coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine:
a) ketone bodies
b) erythrocytes
c) casts
d) microbes
e) urobilinogen
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
67) Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

a) 8.1 10.6
b) 4.6 8.0
c) 1.0 3.0
d) 3.1 4.0
e) 10.0 12.0
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
68) What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

a) 1L / hr
b) 2L / day
c) 2L / hr
d) 3L / week
e) 10L / 24 hours
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO26.7.1 Define urinalysis and describe its importance.
69) What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans?

a) 2.350 3.700
b) 0.002 1.000
c) 4.6 8.0
d) 1.001 1.035
e) 1.04 2.60
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Question type: True/False
70) Parasympathetic division of ANS regulates kidney functions.

Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
71) This hormone is released when the blood volume increases.

a) Parathyroid Hormone
b) Renin
c) ADH
d) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
e) Aldosterone
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
72) Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

a) Aldosterone
b) Renin
c) ANH
d) Angiotensin-II
e) ADH
Answer: e
Difficulty: Hard
73) Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to
a) decreased blood pressure

b) increased blood pressure
c) will not have any effect on blood pressure
d) All of these choices are correct.
e) None of these choices is correct.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
74. In males, both the urinary system and the _________ use the urethra.
a) integument
b) reproductive system
c) respiratory system
d) digestive system
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 26.12: Describe how the urinary system contributes to homeostasis
Section Reference 1: Sec Focus on Homeostasis: The Urinary System
75. The kidneys release _________ to raise blood pressure.
Answer: renin
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.12: Describe how the urinary system contributes to homeostasis.
76. The kidneys convert some of the bilirubin from hemoglobin breakdown to ________, a
yellow pigment.
Answer: urobilin
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.12: Describe how the urinary system contributes to homeostasis.
77. Shock wave lithotripsy is often used to treat which condition?

a) renal calculi
b) urinary tract infections
c) glomerulonephritis
d) polycystic kidney disease
e) urinary bladder cancer
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.13: Describe the disorders that affect the urinary system.
Section Reference 1: Sec Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Urinary System
78. Excessive calcium ingestion and low water intake can lead to which condition?
a) renal calculi
b) urinary tract infections
c) glomerulonephritis
d) polycystic kidney disease
e) urinary bladder cancer
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.13: Describe the disorders that affect the urinary system
79. Inflammation of the kidneys is called
a) cystitis
b) nephrotic syndrome
c) pyelonephritis
d) urethritis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 26.13: Describe the disorders that affect the urinary system.

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Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: pap14e

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which is not a major function of the kidney?

2) This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.

3) Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

6) Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

7) Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?

8) Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?

9) This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

Study Objective 1: SO 26.5 Describe tubular reabsorption and secretion.

17) Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the

19) Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n) ______________ of blood

Study Objective 1: SO 26.5 Describe tubular reabsorption and secretion.

22) This is a test to measure kidney function.

23) This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Study Objective 1: SO 26.2 Describe the anatomy of the kidneys

30) Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.

31) This structure is the apex of a renal pyramid.

32) Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.

33) What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

34) Where is the distal convoluted tubule?

35) Where is the arcuate vein?

36) Where is the ascending limb of the nephron loop?

37) Where is the corticomedullary junction?

38) Where is the papillary duct?

39) What does line M point to?

a) Distal convoluted tubule

42) What is line B pointing to?

43) What is line C pointing to?

44) What is line D pointing to?

Question type: Essay

45) Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.

Question type: Multiple Choice

54) Which vessel in the diagram is the afferent arteriole?

55) Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular vein?

56) Which vessel(s) in the diagram are the vasa recta?

57) Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular artery?

58) Which vessel in the diagram is the arcuate artery?

Study Objective 1: SO 26.2 Describe the anatomy of the kidneys

59) Which vessel(s) in the diagram are the peritubular capillaries?

63) Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin, caused by

64) This substance gives bile its major pigmentation:

Study Objective 2: SO 26.7.1 Define urinalysis and describe its importance.

67) Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

68) What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

69) What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans?

Question type: True/False

70) Parasympathetic division of ANS regulates kidney functions.

Question type: Multiple Choice

71) This hormone is released when the blood volume increases.

72) Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

73) Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to

a) decreased blood pressure

77. Shock wave lithotripsy is often used to treat which condition?

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