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I.
ABSTRACT
Determining the solubility of an organic compound is very important key as it can provide useful
information regarding the composition of the compound. In this experiment, the solubility of each of the
thirteen samples alanine, aniline, benzamide, benzoic acid, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, ethylamine,
ethylacetate, hexane, -naphtol, phenol, salicylic acid and sulfanilic acid was evaluated using different
solvent systems. Seven solvent samples water, 5% NaOH, 5% HCL, 5% NAHCO 3, ether, concentrated
H2SO4 and 85% H3PO4, were used and the extent of dissolution of the samples were noted as +++ for
completely soluble, ++ for partially soluble, + for slightly soluble, and X for insoluble.
II.
III.
INTRODUCTION
IV. EXPERIMENTAL
5-mL test tubes were used as container
for the solutions.
The samples whose solubility will be
determined were alanine, aniline, benzamide,
benzoic acid, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane,
ethylamine, ethylacetate, hexane, -naphtol,
phenol, salicylic acid and sulfanilic acid. The
solvent samples used were water, 5% NaOH, 5%
HCL, 5% NAHCO3, ether, concentrated H2SO4
and 85% H3PO4.
About 30 mg of each of the solid samples
were used and the solubility of each was
evaluated by adding 20 drops of the solvent.
As for the liquid samples, 2 drops of the
liquid sample were placed in respective test tubes
and 20 drops of the solvent were added.
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Chem 31.1 Solubility Classification
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V. Results
S
A
M
P
L
E
SOLVENT SYSTEM
H2
O
Ethe
r
5%
NaO
H
5%
NaHC
O3
5%
HCl
C
L
A
S
S
Conc
.
H2SO
85%
H3PO
4
++
+
X
++
10
11
12
13
++
++
S2
++
+
++
++
+
X
+++
++
++
+++
+++
++
+
++
+
++
+
++
+
++
+
++
+
++
+
++
+
++
+
+
+++
+++
++
A1
++
+++
+++
++
++
++
++
++
++
+++
++
++
+++
+++
++
+++
+++
++
sulfanilic acid)
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Chem 31.1 Solubility Classification
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4. 5% Sodium Bicarbonate
5. 5 % HCl
6. Concentrated H2SO4
Concentrated sulfuric acid protonates all
organic compounds that contain oxygen and/or
nitrogen, as well as alkenes and a few aromatic
hydrocarbons.
These
protonated
organic
compounds exist as ionic salts in sulfuric acid.
Because sulfuric acid is a highly polar liquid, it
dissolves the protonated compounds. The
dissolution of compounds in H2SO4 may also
produce large amounts of heat and/or a change in
the color of the solution. For example, an alkene
adds the elements of sulfuric acid to form an alkyl
hydrogen sulfate that is soluble in the acid, and an
oxygen-containing compound becomes protonated
in concentrated acid to form a soluble oxonium
salt.
Substances that exhibit this solubility
behavior are termed neutral compounds.
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Chem 31.1 Solubility Classification
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IX. References:
Table 2. Organic compounds comprising the
solubility classes
http://webapps.utsc.utoronto.ca/che
mistryonline/solubility.php
Clayden J. (2001). Organic Chemistry. Oxford
University Press
Gilbert, J. (2011).Experimental Organic
Chemistry: A Miniscale and Microscale Approach.
Boston, MA: Cengage Learning
Lehman, J. (2008) Operational Organic
Chemistry: A Problem-Solving Approach to the
Laboratory Course. Prentice Hall
Shriner, R. (2004). The Systematic Identification
of Organic Compounds. Canada: John Wiley &
Sons.
given
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Chem 31.1 Solubility Classification
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_______________________
Festin, Aegina Joy M.
_______________________
Raquepo, Veronica V.
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Chem 31.1 Solubility Classification
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