PARTICLES

Define Sketch

Describe

Beta decay
Specific
charge
Electron volt
Isotope
Isotone
Nuclide
Nucleon
number A
Proton
number Z
Coulomb
repulsion
Antiparticle
Annihilation
Pair
production
Rest energy
Photon
energy
Exchange
particle
Virtual
photon
Hadron
Baryon
Meson

The attractive and repulsive

nuclear forces and their
similarities and differences
Why some nuclei decay by
beta emission , some by
positron emission, and others
by alpha
Why gamma rays are
emitted following most nuclear
decays
The most stable nucleus and
the largest possible nucleus
How the strong force
changes magnitude with
distance
Why an antineutrino must
exist for beta decay
Which quarks make up the
neutron, proton, pions and
kaons
How one cosmic ray
entering a cloud chamber can
lead to pair production and
annihilation events
The 4 fundamental forces,
their ranges, relative strengths
and exchange particles
The quark and lepton
families (first two generations),
and their quantum numbers
How we know some particle
interactions are due to weak
rather than EM or strong
What all hadrons eventually
decay into
How cloud and bubble
chambers work
How we identify charge,
momentum and energy from
particle tracks

How attractive and repulsive

forces change as the nucleus
grows larger
A segre chart (N vs Z for
stable nuclei)
Feynamnn diagrams for:
Beta decay
Beta capture
Positron decay
Positron capture
Electron-electron
scattering
Electron-proton
scattering
Electron-neutrino
scattering
Electron-positron
annihilation
Electron-positron pair
production
Neutron decay
(showing individual
quarks)

Variables
A
Z
E
m
c
h
f

Typical
values....
Specific charge of
a nucleus

MECHANICS
Define

Sketch

Describe

Scalar
Vector
Moment
Torque
Couple
Principle of
moments
Centre of mass
Uniform
acceleration
Displacement
Newton's three
laws of motion
Work
Power
Efficiency
Conservation of
energy

Forces on an object on an
inclined plane
Vertical and horizontal velocity
-time graphs for a projectile
launched at angle
Acceleration and distance
travelled on a velocty-time graph
Parachute jump velocity vs time

2 conditions for equilibrium

4 equations of motion
Forces on a falling object
up to terminal velocity
Energy transfers during a
trampoline / bungee jump

Variables
s
u
v
a
t
P
W

Typical
values...
Weight of a person
Power of a person
Power of a car

ELECTRICITY
Define Sketch

Describe

Current
Potential
difference
Ohms law
Resistivity
Superconductiv
ity
Power
Potential
divider
LDR
Thermistor
EMF
Terminal
voltage
AC
DC
Peak-to-peak
Rms current
Rms voltage
CRO
Voltage
sensitivity
Time-base

The shape of the VI curve for a

bulb, giving a reason
The effect of temperature on the
resistance of metal conductors
and thermistors (semiconductors)
Superconductivity how to
achieve it, its effects and
applications
What happens to resistance of
resistors in series and parallel
What happens to power
dissipated in resistors in series
and parallel
Conservation of energy in a
circuit
How terminal voltage changes
with current, labelling: internal
resistance, EMF
How rms voltage enables
comparison between AC and DC
appliances

V vs I curves for:
Filament bulb
Resistor
Wire
Semiconductor diode
Circuit diagram for a potential
divider
Mains voltage vs time, labelling
rms voltage
Mains power vs time, labelling
average power
Oscilloscope traces for:
DC source
AC source, with time
base switched off
AC source with time
base switched on

Variables
I
V
Q
t
W
R

L
P

Typical
values....
Resistivity of a
metal
Resistivity of a
plastic
Current through an
LED

WAVES
Define

Sketch

Describe

progressive
wave
wave
medium
amplitude
frequency
wavelength
wavenumber
speed
phase
longitudinal
polarisation
refraction
refractive
index
normal
total internal
reflection
critical angle
fibre optic
cladding
cross-talk
superposition
stationary
wave
node
antinode
path
difference
coherence
monochromati
c
diffraction
fringe spacing
order number

Individual particle motion

in a transverse wave
Individual particle motion
in a longitudinal wave
How crossed polarisers
effectively block out light
How three polarisers at
45 to each other allow light
through
A ray of light passing
through a perspex block
the structure of an optic
fibre
3 harmonic modes of
vibration for a string fixed at
both ends
3 harmonic modes of
vibration for a string free to
move at both ends
3 harmonic modes of
vibration for a string fixed at
one end, free at one end
lines of maxima and
minima from a two slit
arrangement
fringe pattern from a
double slit
fringe pattern from a single
slit
fringe pattern from a
diffraction grating

Why a wave breaks at the

sea shore
3 examples each of
transverse and longitudinal
waves
A use of a polarising
transmitter, filter or receiver
why diamonds sparkle
formation of stationary waves
why maxima and minima are
formed from a two slit
arrangement
the use of a single slit in
Young's original double slit
experiment
3 differences between laser
light and candle light
How to measure wavelength
of a laser using double slits /
diffraction grating

Variables

f
c
T
k
n
i
r
w
D
S

Typical
values...
Wavelength of
visible light

MATERIALS
Define Sketch

Describe

Density
Hooke's law
Elastic limit
Yield point
Bulk property
Strain
Stress
Breaking
stress
Elastic
behaviour
Plastic
behaviour
Brittleness
Toughness
Hardness
Stiffness

Derivation of energy stored in a spring

An experiment to investigate force vs
extension for a spring and rubber band,
including 2 safety precautions.
Calculation of spring constant.
An experiment to investigate stress vs
strain for a brass wire, including 2 safety
precautions. Calculation of Youngs
modulus

Typical stress-strain
curve for a metal, labelling
elastic limit, yield point
Elastic strain energy
and Young's modulus on a
strss-strain curve
Elastic strain energy
and stiffness on a forceextension curve

Variables
F
k
x
E

Typical
values...
Young modulus of
metal and polymer
UTS of metal and
polymer
strain of metal and
polymer
Spring constant

QUANTUM
Define Sketch
Photoelectric
effect
Photon (wave)
Photon
(particle)
Work function
Threshold
frequency
Photoelectron
Ionisation
Excitation
Line spectra
Energy levels
Wave particle
duality
Diffraction

Describe

Photoelectric effect results

The photoelectric effect showing a graph of
experimental set up
photoelectron energy, Ek, vs
Experimental set up for a
frequency of incident radiation, f. fluorescent tube
On the above graph, label thresholdHow the appearance of line
frequency, work function and plancks
spectra is evidence for discrete
constant
energy levels
Typical line spectra for
The set up for youngs double slit
hydrogen
experiment
Electron diffraction pattern for
How wavelength of electrons
a double slit
varies with energy
Why high energy electrons are
needed for deep scattering
experiments
How an electron and photon of the
same energy might collide with an
atom to give very different results
(the photon may do nothing)
Why 2 photons are always emitted
from head on annihilation events

Variables
h
f

Ek

h
p

Typical
values....
Work function
Frequency of
visible light
Frequency of UV
Ionisation energy
DB wavelength of
an electron