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Sizes of
EMR
GAMMA RAYS
Radioactive
elements
61.4 pm
4.61 EHz
Water
Molecule
0.3nm
21.4 keV
36.0 keV
9.22 EHz
51.6 pm
3.26 EHz
86.8 pm
15.1 keV
3.88 EHz
73.0 pm
18.0 keV
4.61 EHz
1.63 EHz
174 pm
7.57 keV
1.94 EHz
146 pm
9.00 keV
2.31 EHz
2.31 EHz
123 pm
10.7 keV
2.74 EHz
0.1nm
103 pm
12.7 keV
1.15 EHz
245 pm
5.35 keV
1.37 EHz
206 pm
43.4 pm
36.5 pm
5.48 EHz
25.5 keV
6.52 EHz
30.3 keV
Hard XRay
X-RAYS
1nm
982 pm
288 PHz
413 pm
686 PHz
1.34 keV
3.18 keV
826 pm
343 PHz
347 pm
815 PHz
1.59 keV
3.78 keV
694 pm
408 PHz
292 pm
969 PHz
1.89 keV
4.50 keV
584 pm
485 PHz
1.15 EHz
2.25 keV
576 PHz
669 eV
1.65 nm
171 PHz
796 eV
1.39 nm
204 PHz
946 eV
1.17 nm
242 PHz
1.13 keV
urc
e
Sp
ace
Ultraviolet Light
288 PHz
10nm
72.1 PHz
3.93 nm
335 eV
85.7 PHz
3.30 nm
398 eV
102 PHz
2.78 nm
473 eV
121 PHz
2.33 nm
563 eV
144 PHz
Physicists have divided ultraviolet light ranges into Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV), Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV), Far Ultraviolet (FUV), Medium Ultraviolet (MUV), and
Near Ultraviolet (NUV).
36.0 PHz
7.85 nm
167 eV
42.8 PHz
6.60 nm
199 eV
51.0 PHz
5.55 nm
237 eV
60.6 PHz
4.67 nm
281 eV
72.1 PHz
UV-A, UV-B and UV-C were introduced in the 1930s by the Commission Interna
tionale de lEclairage
(CIE, International Commission on Illumination) for photobiological spectral bands.
118 eV
10nm
30.3 PHz
15.7 nm
400
FUV
MUV
NUV
83.6 eV
31.4 nm
9.01 PHz
13.2 nm
21.4 PHz
41.8 eV
99.4 eV
26.4 nm
10.7 PHz
11.1 nm
25.5 PHz
49.7 eV
22.2 nm
12.7 PHz
9.34 nm
141 eV
36.0 PHz
59.1 eV
15.1 PHz
18.7 nm
70.3 eV
18.0 PHz
62.8 nm
20.9 eV
5.36 PHz
52.8 nm
24.9 eV
6.37 PHz
44.4 nm
29.6 eV
7.57 PHz
37.4 nm
35.2 eV
9.01 PHz
2.25 PHz
126 nm
10.5 eV
2.68 PHz
106 nm
100nm
12.4 eV
3.18 PHz
88.9 nm
14.8 eV
3.79 PHz
74.7 nm
17.6 eV
4.50 PHz
251 nm
1.13 PHz
5.23 eV
211 nm
1.34 PHz
Incandescent
light
bulb
503 nm
563 THz
2.61 eV
423 nm
669 THz
1.01 m
1.31 eV
3.11 eV
Bacteria
3m800nm
2.01 m
653 meV
4.39 eV
1.85 eV
777 meV
598 nm
473 THz
2.20 eV
563 THz
1.42 m
924 meV
1.20 m
237 THz
1.10 eV
281 THz
Johann Balmer created this formula defining the photon emission wavelength ();
where m is the initial electron energy level and n is the final electron energy level:
m2
= 364.56nm
2
2
m n
Much of the interstellar matter is made of the simplest atom hydrogen. The hydrogen
visible-spectrum emission and absorption lines are shown below:
3m
4.02 m
70.4 THz
327 meV
3.38 m
83.7 THz
388 meV
99.5 THz
2.84 m
462 meV
118 THz
2.39 m
549 meV
141 THz
5.69 m
231 meV
59.2 THz
4.78 m
275 meV
70.4 THz
Thermal Infrared
INFRARED
Single
Cell
10m
8.04 m
35.2 THz
163 meV
6.76 m
41.8 THz
194 meV
49.8 THz
When a photon hits an atom it may be absorbed if the energy is just right. The
energy level of the electron is raised essentially holding the radiation. A new photon
of specific wavelength is created when the energy is released. The jump in energy is
a discrete step and many possible levels of energy exist in an atom.
199 THz
UVA is subdivided into UVA1 and UVA2 for DNA altering effects at 340nm.
As EMR passes through elements, certain wavelength bands get absorbed and some
new ones get emitted. This absorption and emission produces characteristic spectral
lines for each element which are useful in determining the makeup of distant stars.
These lines are used to prove the red-shift amount of distant stars.
1.13 PHz
Emission line
16.1 m
17.6 THz
People
81.7 meV
13.5 m
20.9 THz
97.1 meV
11.4 m
24.9 THz
115 meV
9.56 m
29.6 THz
137 meV
35.2 THz
Absorption line
30m
32.2 m
8.80 THz
40.8 meV
27.1 m
10.5 THz
48.6 meV
22.7 m
12.4 THz
57.7 meV
19.1 m
14.8 THz
68.7 meV
34.3 meV
8.80 THz
108 m
100m
3THz
12.1 meV
3.11 THz
91.0 m
14.4 meV
3.70 THz
76.5 m
17.2 meV
4.40 THz
216 m
1.31 THz
6.07 meV
182 m
1.55 THz
7.22 meV
153 m
1.85 THz
8.58 meV
Frequency
2.20 THz
3.03 meV
3.61 meV
306 m
925 GHz
4.29 meV
1.80 meV
462 GHz
612 m
2.15 meV
550 GHz
137 GHz
2.06 mm
638 eV
163 GHz
1.73 mm
1.46 mm
902 eV
231 GHz
1.22 mm
1.07 meV
275 GHz
451 eV
116 GHz
2.45 mm
536 eV
137 GHz
194 GHz
8.24 mm
160 eV
18GHz
16.5 mm
17.2 GHz
79.8 eV
46GHz
Microwave V-band
6.93 mm
190 eV
Water absorption 22GHz
40.9 GHz
13.9 mm
20.4 GHz
32.9 mm
8.59 GHz
39.9 eV
113 eV
56.4 eV
264 mm
4.98 eV
46.6 mm
33
34
35
36
39
40
16
17
18
2.11 m
134 MHz
4
4
186 mm
1.52 GHz
19
20
21
W
160 MHz
623 neV
43
44
45
1.77 m
48
49
50
51
52
53
55
8
08
741 neV
1.49 m
190 MHz
FM Radio
92.1
96.1
100.1
370 neV
14.1 eV
3.61 GHz
78.3 mm
7.05 eV
CP
1.81 GHz
CP
157 mm
56
10
10
58
59
60
1.76 eV
11
11
12
12
61
T-12
8.43 m
13
13
104.1
23
62
7.09 m
39.9 MHz
33.5 eV
4GHz
16m
15m 13m
Aero
5.96 m
47.5 MHz
Marine
77.9 neV
International
33.7 m
2GHz
8.38 eV
1GHz
Marine
135 m
2.10 MHz
262 kHz
92.6 neV
Aero
25m
25
26
27
28
1.25 m
29
30
14
268 MHz
524 neV
Radio Bands
The radio spectrum (ELF to EHF) is populated by many more items than can be
shown on this chart, only a small sampling of bands used around the world have
been shown.
134 MHz
3
3
5.01 m
56.4 MHz
262 neV
67.1 MHz
22m
10.0 m
20m
56.7 m
Aero
23.2 neV
5.93 MHz
47.7 m
Marine
113 m
11.6 neV
Aeronautical
2.97 MHz
95.4 m
1300
227 m
1.25 MHz
1400
49m
Marine
5.79 neV
191 m
741 kHz
382 m
454 m
312 kHz
Navigational Beacons
908 m
1.45 neV
371 kHz
2.89 neV
1600
1.48 MHz
AM Radio
623 kHz
55.1 neV
131 neV
33.6 MHz
19m
20.1 m
14.1 MHz
Aero
Each country has its own rules and regulations for allotting bands in this region.
For more information, look up the radio communications authority in your area (Ex.
FCC in the US, DOC in Canada).
65.5 neV
16.8 MHz
40m Ham
27.5 neV
Not all references agree on the ULF band range, the HAARP range is used here.
40.1 m
7.05 MHz
90m
1500
700
2.43 neV
23.9 m
11.9 MHz
13.8 neV
32.7 neV
8.39 MHz
16.4 neV
Marine
4.19 MHz
RAdio Detecting And Ranging (RADAR) uses EMR in the microwave range to detect
the distance and speed of objects.
Citizens Band Radio (CB) contains 40 stations between 26.965-27.405MHz.
Schumann resonance is produced in the cavity between the Earth and the ionosphere.
The resonant peaks are depicted as S
X-Band
6.88 neV
800
900
3.44 neV
1000
882 kHz
321 m
441 kHz
Morse code
642 m
xxHz
4.09 neV
1.05 MHz
1.22 neV
Open US
Ground Wave Emergency Network
724 peV
156 kHz
1.82 km
185 kHz
763 m
1.72 neV
Europe and Asia AM
1.53 km
Navigational Beacons
860 peV
220 kHz
1.28 km
92.7 kHz
3.05 km
430 peV
110 kHz
46.3 kHz
6.11 km
215 peV
14.5 km
21.4kHz 22.3kHz
24kHz
90.4 peV
23.2 kHz
12.2 km
10.2kHz
29.0 km
12kHz
11.6 kHz
24.4 km
2.16 km
608 peV
65.5 kHz
4.32 km
304 peV
77.9 kHz
3.63 km
362 peV
32.8 kHz
8.64 km
152 peV
39.0 kHz
40.75kHz
7.26 km
181 peV
16.4 kHz
17.8kHz 18.6kHz
76.1 peV
17.3 km
19.5 kHz
9.74 kHz
34.5 km
38.0 peV
45.2 peV
69.1 km
19.0 peV
4.87 kHz
58.1 km
22.6 peV
5.79 kHz
48.8 km
Marine Radio
262 kHz
2.57 km
512 peV
131 kHz
55.1 kHz
5.13 km
256 peV
65.5 kHz
108 peV
27.6 kHz
30.0kHz
128 peV
10.3 km
32.8 kHz
53.8 peV
13.6kHz
13.8 kHz
26.9 peV
14.7kHz
20.5 km
6.89 kHz
15.5kHz
64.0 peV
Sound
41.1 km
32.0 peV
116 km
11.3 peV
2.90 kHz
97.7 km
13.4 peV
3.44 kHz
82.2 km
16.0 peV
4.10 kHz
1.02 kHz
276 km
4.75 peV
1.22 kHz
232 km
5.65 peV
1.45 kHz
195 km
6.72 peV
1.72 kHz
164 km
7.99 peV
2.05 kHz
C
609 Hz
465 km
2.83 peV
724 Hz
391 km
3.36 peV
861 Hz
329 km
4.00 peV
1.02 kHz
400Hz
Airplane Power
1.68 peV
782 km
431 Hz
657 km
2.00 peV
512 Hz
215 Hz
1.31 Mm
999 feV
256 Hz
108 Hz
120Hz Lights
p=
2.63 Mm
500 feV
53.8 Hz
60Hz Power
v=
250 feV
256 Hz
1.11 Mm
1.19 peV
304 Hz
929 km
1.41 peV
362 Hz
128 Hz
2.21 Mm
594 feV
152 Hz
1.86 Mm
707 feV
181 Hz
1.56 Mm
90.5 Hz
100Hz Lights
p=
3.13 Mm
420 feV
S
45.3 Hz
50Hz Power
v=
6.25 Mm
210 feV
4.42 Mm
297 feV
149 feV
17.7 Mm
74.3 feV
3.72 Mm
353 feV
S
38.1 Hz
7.44 Mm
19.0 Hz
S
14.9 Mm
18Hz
177 feV
22.6 Hz
12.5 Mm
8Hz
8.00 Hz
76Hz
76.1 Hz
35.4 Mm
37.1 feV
9.51 Hz
29.7 Mm
840 feV
12Hz
44.2 feV
11.3 Hz
25.0 Mm
5.26 Mm
105 feV
26.9 Hz
13.5 Hz
10.5 Mm
21.0 Mm
4.00 Hz
70.7 Mm
18.6 feV
4.76 Hz
59.5 Mm
22.1 feV
5.66 Hz
64.0 Hz
32.0 Hz
62.5 feV
16.0 Hz
8Hz
26.3 feV
6.73 Hz
42.1 Mm
31.2 feV
8.00 Hz
13.1 feV
3.36 Hz
84.1 Mm
15.6 feV
4.00 Hz
3Hz
One Cycle
Per Second
1.00 Hz
141 Mm
283 Mm
9.28 feV
4.64 feV
2.38 Hz
1.19 Hz
119 Mm
238 Mm
11.0 feV
5.52 feV
2.83 Hz
1.41 Hz
100 Mm
200 Mm
6.56 feV
1.68 Hz
168 Mm
7.81 feV
2.00 Hz
566 Mm
2.32 feV
595 mHz
476 Mm
2.76 feV
707 mHz
400 Mm
3.28 feV
841 mHz
337 Mm
3.90 feV
Sp
Infrared Radiation
Infrared radiation (IR) is sensed by humans as heat and is below the
range of human vision. Humans (and anything at room temperature)
are emitters of IR.
LASER
LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
of Radiation.
Polarization
As a photon (light particle) travels through space, its axis of electrical
and magnetic fluctuations does not rotate. Therefore, each photon
has a fixed linear polarity of somewhere between 0 to 360 . Light
can also be circularly and elliptically polarized.
Light that reflects off an electrical insulator becomes polarized. Conductive reflectors do not polarize light.
Perhaps the most reliably polarized light is a rainbow.
Moonlight is also slightly polarized. You can test this by viewing the
moonlight through a PolaroidTM sunglass lens, then rotate that lens,
the moonlight will dim and brighten slightly.
eak
er
1.00 Hz
Gravity is the mysterious force that holds large objects together and
binds our planets, stars and galaxies together. Many people have unsuccessfully theorized about the details of gravity and its relationship
to other forces. There have been no links between gravity waves and
electromagnetic radiation.
Gravity is theorized to warp space and time. In fact, gravity is responsible for bending light as observed by the gravity-lens example of
distant galaxies.
250 mHz
1.13 Gm
1.16 feV
297 mHz
952 Mm
1.38 feV
354 mHz
800 Mm
1.64 feV
420 mHz
673 Mm
1.95 feV
500 mHz
125 mHz
2.26 Gm
580 aeV
149 mHz
1.90 Gm
690 aeV
177 mHz
1.60 Gm
821 aeV
210 mHz
1.35 Gm
976 aeV
250 mHz
Source
Concave lenses make objects appear farther away and are used to
correct near-sitedness.
One Cycle
Per Second
Source
Convex lenses make objects appear closer and are used to correct
far-sitedness.
Focal point
Brain Waves
By connecting electrodes from the human head to an electroencephalograph (EEG), it is possible to measure very small cyclic electrical signals.
There has been much study on this topic, but like all effects on
humans, the science is not as exact as the science of materials.
Generally, lower brain wave frequencies relate to sleep, and the higher
frequencies relate to alertness.
Devices have been made for measuring and stimulating brain waves
to achieve a desired state.
0.1Hz
Sizes of
EMR
Visible Spectrum
Refraction
Gravity Waves
50.0 Mm
Alpha, beta, and delta radiation are not electromagnetic but are actually parts of the atom being released from a radioactive atom. In
some cases this can cause gamma radiation. These are not to be
confused with brain waves of similar names.
128 Hz
125 feV
r
Ea
15Hz
Gamma Rays
A polarized filter (like PolaroidTM sunglasses) can be used to demonstrate polarized light. One filter will only let photons that have one
polarity through. Two overlapping filters at right angles will almost
totally block the light that exits, however, a third filter inserted between the first two at a 45 angle will rotate the polarized light and
allow some light to come out the end of all three filters.
30Hz
Conversions
E = hf
= c
f
1
A = 0.1nm
1nm = 10
A
1Joule = 6.24 1018 eV
Over the ages people have striven to divide the continuous audio frequency spectrum into individual musical notes that have harmonious
relationships. Microtonal musicians study various scales. One recent
count lists 4700 different musical scales.
2.44 kHz
4.53 Gm
290 aeV
74.3 mHz
3.81 Gm
345 aeV
88.4 mHz
3.20 Gm
410 aeV
105 mHz
2.69 Gm
488 aeV
125 mHz
31.2 mHz
9.05 Gm
145 aeV
1
Hz
m
1
eV
37.2 mHz
7.61 Gm
173 aeV
44.2 mHz
6.40 Gm
205 aeV
52.6 mHz
5.38 Gm
244 aeV
62.5 mHz
15.2 Gm
86.3 aeV
22.1 mHz
Frequency
12.8 Gm
Wavelength
103 aeV
Energy
26.3 mHz
10.8 Gm
122 aeV
31.2 mHz
unihedron.com
2004-3-21
Reflection
Reflection of EMR is dependent on wavelength as demonstrated when
visible light and radio waves bounce off objects that X-Rays would
pass through. Microwaves, which have a large wavelength compared
to visible light, will bounce off metal mesh in a microwave oven
whereas visible light will pass through.
Source
62.5 mHz
Receivers that expect polarized photons will not accept photons that
are in other polarities. (ex. satellite dish receivers have horizontal
and vertical polarity positions).
9.51 peV
2.38 peV
Speed of Light
Plancks Constant
Plancks Constant (freq)
Frequency (cycles / second)
Wavelength (meters)
Energy (Joules)
8.19 kHz
138 km
553 km
c
h
h
Value
16.4 kHz
2.05 kHz
512 Hz
Symbol
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
zepto
yocto
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,000,000
1,000
1
0.001
0.000 001
0.000 000 001
0.000 000 000 001
0.000 000 000 000 001
0.000 000 000 000 000 001
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001
W
Beacons
2.05 neV
524 kHz
1.02 neV
*+*,*-* *+*,* *,*.*-* *+* * *,* * *+* */* * *0* ** **1* * * *2*
Submarine communications
n
p
f
a
z
y
1024
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103
100
103
106
109
1012
1015
1018
1021
1024
SOS
Marine Radio
yotta
zetta
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
IR remote control signals are invisible to the human eye but can be
detected by most camcorders.
OR
10m Ham
28.2 MHz
Y
Z
E
P
T
G
M
k
31
15
2.51 m
The 15.7 kHz horizontal sweep signal produced by a TV can be heard by some young
people. This common contaminant signal to VLF spectra listening is depicted as
.
537 MHz
1.05 eV
99
113 MHz
110 neV
Marine
46.3 neV
131 kHz
32.0 Hz
ULF Ultra Low Frequency
1.07 GHz
627 mm
2.10 eV
Military
98
220 neV
CB
11m
11.9 m
23.7 MHz
28.4 m
600
1.08 km
30Hz
2.49 MHz
4.87 neV
540
540 m
524 kHz
EU&Asia AM
3Hz
120m Tropics
9.74 neV
1200
270 m
1.05 MHz
9.98 MHz
60m
Tropics
19.5 neV
4.99 MHz
1100
4.19 eV
Satellite channels broadcast in the C-Band are depicted as TV . These stations are
broadcast in alternating polarities (Ex. Ch 1 is vertical and 2 is horizontal and vice
versa on neighbouring satellites).
T-8
38.9 neV
SOS
2.15 GHz
RADIO WAVES
Marine
67.5 m
4.19 MHz
4.29 GHz
Aeronautical
441 neV
T-7
8.39 MHz
Air and cable TV stations are broadcast with the separate video, colour, and audio
frequency carriers grouped together in a channel band as follows:
6MHz
4.5MHz
1.25MHz
3.58MHz
Video
Colour
Audio
T-10
14.2 m
20.0 MHz
64
107.9
T-9
16.9 m
16.8 MHz
Marine
Aero
8.59 GHz
16.8 eV
313 mm
226 MHz
T-14
185 neV
63
24
97
2.98 m
T-13
156 neV
14
15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
65
66 67
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76
451 MHz
1 1/4m
881 neV
96
94.9 MHz
57
6m Ham Radio
T-11
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
127
128
129
54
7
07
95
3.55 m
17.2 GHz
39.2 mm
7.22 GHz
Cell Phone
3.52 eV
903 MHz
3/4 m Ham
745 mm
380 MHz
9
09
125
126
122
123
124
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
111
112
47
87.7
6
06
79.8 MHz
46
CP
373 mm
Gov
759 MHz
1.48 eV
22
5
05
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
42
2.96 eV
886 mm
Marine Mobile
319 MHz
Remote Ctrl
4.22 m
312 neV
67.1 MHz
102
41
2m
101
100
38
0.3GHz
1.25 eV
1.05 m
268 MHz
37
443 mm
638 MHz
Military
Television
8GHz
28.2 eV
93.2 mm
3.04 GHz
67.1 eV
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
34.4 GHz
02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
H
5.93 eV
222 mm
1.28 GHz
134 eV
19.6 mm
14.4 GHz
9.79 mm
28.9 GHz
68.7 GHz
23.3 mm
12.1 GHz
268 eV
65 GHz
12.5GHz
47.4 eV
4.90 mm
57.8 GHz
11.6 mm
24.3 GHz
Wireless LAN
55.4 mm
19.9 eV
5.11 GHz
23.7 eV
W-LAN
Cordless phone
Microwave Oven Microwave S-band (Short)
2.45GHz
2.4GHz
132 mm
111 mm
9.97 eV
2.55 GHz
11.9 eV
2.15 GHz
226 eV
27.25GHz
65.9 mm
4.29 GHz
56GHz
5.82 mm
48.6 GHz
94.8 eV
27.7 mm
10.2 GHz
2.91 mm
97.2 GHz
Microwave Q-band
36GHz
34.4 GHz
379 eV
0 MJy/sr
3.46 mm
81.7 GHz
Syst`
eme International dunit
e prefixes (SI unit prefixes)
Symbol Name Exp.
Multiplier
100GHz
Intensity
319 eV
We can only see the visible spectrum. All other bands of the spectrum
.
are depicted as hatched colours
Ultrasonic
4.12 mm
68.7 GHz
CMB radiation is the leftover heat from the hot early universe,
which last scattered about 400,000 years after the Big Bang.
728 m
759 eV
CMB
1.10 THz
Subsonic - Infrasound
MICROWAVE
364 m
777 GHz
600 GHz
T=2.725K
433 m
654 GHz
400 MJy/sr
2.55 meV
Microwave W-band
HF High Frequency
38.3 m
866 m
1.52 meV
389 GHz
Water absorption 183GHz
2.00 Hz
Human
Brain
7.40 THz
327 GHz
64.0 Hz
Earth
12,756
km
28.9 meV
1.28 meV
Marine
30kHz
3kHz
Induction
Heating
45.5 m
1.03 mm
33.6 MHz
LF Low Frequency
300kHz
Radio
tower
Microwave mm-band
Microwave mm-band
Football
Field
100m
6.22 THz
275 GHz
32
3MHz
House
12m
30MHz
People
1.8m
24.3 meV
2.62 THz
5.10 meV
515 m
550 GHz
300MHz
Cell
phone
54.1 m
R =
14388 1
5
T
Football
308mm
10.2 meV
257 m
1.10 THz
5.23 THz
MF Medium Frequency
Microwave
oven
129 m
2.20 THz
3GHz
Radar
20.4 meV
White Hot
Red Hot
Hot
CMB
Power
3THz
300GHz
30GHz
Honey
Bee
1.2cm
64.3 m
H H H
H
17.6 THz
Far Infrared
4.40 THz
Albert Einstein theorized that the speed of light is the fastest that
anything can travel. So far he has not been proven wrong.
VISIBLE SPECTRUM
Near Infrared
1.69 m
167 THz
711 nm
398 THz
141 THz
299 nm
The particle nature of EMR is exhibited when a solar cell emits individual electrons when struck with very dim light.
Particle Nature
The CIE originally divided UVA and UVB at 315nm, later some photo-dermatologists
divided it at 320nm.
A bumblebee can see light in the UVA range which helps them identify certain
flowers.
280nm
Much of the EMR properties are based on theories since we can only
see the effects of EMR and not the actual photon or wave itself.
2.25 PHz
1.55 eV
8.79 eV
UV-B
845 nm
335 THz
149 nm
7.39 eV
1.89 PHz
340nm
320 315nm
UV-A
UV-A1
UV-A2
355 nm
796 THz
3.70 eV
947 THz
I
281 THz
178 nm
1.59 PHz
VISIBLE
6.22 eV
400nm
ace
Short-term UV-A exposure causes sun-tanning which helps to protect against sunburn. Exposure to UV-B is beneficial to humans by helping the skin produce vitamin
D. Excessive UV exposure causes skin damage. UV-C is harmful to humans but is
used as a germicide.
The sun produces a wide range of frequencies including all the ultraviolet light,
however, UVB is partially filtered by the ozone layer and UVC is totally filtered out
by the earths atmosphere.
UV-C
300
Virus 17300nm
200nm
100nm
VUV
EUV
ULTRAVIOLET
18.0 PHz
Sp
-E
Soft XRay
Sources
of EMR
So
urc
1.96 nm
144 PHz
Power
Lines
(50,60Hz)
So
Values on the chart have been labelled with the following colours: Frequency measured in Hertz, Wavelength measured in meters, Energy measured in electronVolts.
+
Xray
machines
2.68 keV
+E
-B
491 pm
576 PHz
Gamma Ray
6.36 keV
Hz
1
m
eV
7.76 EHz
Photo by STScI
Sources
of EMR
Reflector