ABSTRACT

The beauty of hydroelectric power is in its simplicity. It follows a simple principle and procedure
which takes place by the conversion of forms of energy into one another and finally into work.
The mechanism is very easy which follow the laws of conservation of energy. About 15% of
world electricity needs are fulfilled by hydropower.
Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of
electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the
most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity
generation 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, and is expected to increase
about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.
Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generating 32 percent of
global hydropower in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatthours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. There
are now three hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu
Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela.

CONTENTS
TITTLE

PAGE NO.

COVRE PAGE

CERTIFICATE

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ABSTRACT

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1. Introduction To Hydro Power Plant

1.1 Beauty of Hydropower
2. History of hydroelectricity
The basic principle of working of hydropower turbines
3. Working of hydropower plant
3.1 Dams
3.2 Turbines
3.3 Generators
3.4 Rotor and stator
3.5 Transmission lines
4. The Power of Water
5. Hydroelectricity
6. Advantages and disadvantages
6.1 Advantages
6.1.1 Flexibility
6.1.2 Low power costs
6.1.3 Suitability for industrial applications
6.1.4 Reduced CO2 emissions
6.1.5 Other uses of the reservoir
6.2 Disadvantages
6.2.1 Ecosystem damage and loss of land
6.2.2 Ecosystem damage and loss of land
6.2.3 Siltation and flow shortage
7. Working Principle Of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Hydro Power Plants

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7.3 Working Principle of Hydroelectric Power plant

7.4 Principle of DC Generator
7.5 Single Loop DC Generator
7.5.1 Concept of Single Loop Generator
7.6 Working principle of dc generator
8. How water turbines work
9. Hydro Power
10. Classification Of Hydropower Plant:
11. The Benefits Of Hydropower:
12. How Hydropower Works?
13. Types Of Hydrpower Plants
13.1 Conventional
13.1.1 Run-of-river plants:
13.1.2 Storage plants:
13.2 Pumped Storage
13.3 Sizes of Hydroelectric Power Plants
13.3.1 Large Hydropower
13.3.2 Small Hydropower
13.3.3 Micro Hydropower
14. Water Conveyance System Power Canals:
14.1 Tunnels:
14.2 Concrete Pipes:
14.3 Penstocks:
14.4 Surge Tanks:
15. TUNNELS
15.1 Introduction:
15.2 Classification Of Tunnels:
15.3 The Selection Of The Tunnel Cross-Section:
15.4 Surges In Tunnels
15.5 Methods of tunneling:
16. Types Of Steel Support Systems:
16.1 Constituents Of Tunnel Supports:
16.3 Concrete Lining:
16.4 Steel Lining General:
17. List Of Hydro Electric Power Stations In India

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LIST OF FIGURE

PAGE NO.

Figure 1 Hydro Power Plant

Figure 2 basic components of a conventional hydropower plant

Figure 3 Working Principle Of Hydro-Electric Power Plant

Figure 4 hydro power station

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Figure 5 Working of Hydro Power plant

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Figure 6 Single Loop DC Generator

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Figure 7 basic working principle of dc generator

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Figure 8 water turbines working

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Figure 9 Example of a diversion hydropower plant

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LIST OF TABLE

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Table 1 Hydro Electric Power Stations In India with Station Capacity below 25mw

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Table 2 Hydro Electric Power Stations In The india With Station Capacity(<=25mw)

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Table 3 Hydro Electric Power Stations In India With Station Capacity Above 25 Mw

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CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
Water used for hydroelectric-power generation consists of the water used in the generation of
electricity at power plants where turbine generators are driven by falling water or water pressure.
Generally, the hydroelectric dam is built in the stream and water is not diverted offstream and is
considered an instream use. However, in some instances water may be diverted from the stream,
stored offstream, fall through the turbines, and returned to the stream. In addition, pump storage
units in the stream channel can considerably alter the timing and rate of flow in the stream. This
is more characteristic of an offstream use, so hydroelectric power generation can be considered
as either an instream or offstream use. Accurate estimates of water use can be obtained where
water is passed through the power plants only one time. Where hydroelectric power plants have
pumped-storage facilities and recycle the same water a number of times, it is more difficult to
determine net water use. The SIC code for this category is 4911, which is the same SIC used for
the other power-generation categories.

REFERENCES
[1] Fardo, S.W., Patrick, D.R., 1985, Electrical power systems technology: Englewood Cliffs,
N.J., Prentice-Hall, 256 p.
[2] U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1983, Hydropower, water at work: Denver, Colo., 32 p.
[3] U.S. Department of Energy, 1989, Electric power annual, 1988: Energy Information
Administration.
[4] U.S. Department of Energy, 1990, Inventory of power plants in the United States 1989:
Energy Information Administration Publication DOE/EIA-0095 (89), 393 p.
[5] Viessman, W., Jr., and Welty, C., 1985, Water management technology and institutions:
New York, Harper and Row, 618 p.
[6] Warnick, C.C., 1984, Hydropower engineering: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall,
326 p.