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The Shulchan Aruch argues that Jewish farmers are no longer obliged to obey the
biblical rule.[18] Nevertheless, in modern Israel, rabbis of Orthodox Judaism in
sist that Jews allow gleanings to be consumed by the poor and by strangers, duri
ng Sabbatical years.[19]
In eighteenth century England, gleaning was a legal right for cottagers. In a sm
all village the sexton would often ring a church bell at eight o'clock in the mo
rning and again at seven in the evening to tell the gleaners when to begin and e
nd work.[20] This legal right effectively ended after a legal case in 1788.
In the modern world, gleaning is practised by humanitarian groups[21] which dist
ribute the gleaned food to the poor and hungry; in a modern context, this can in
clude the collection of food from supermarkets at the end of the day that would
otherwise be thrown away. There are a number of organizations that practice glea
ning to resolve issues of societal hunger; the Society of St. Andrew, for exampl
e, is dedicated to the role, as is the Gleaning Network in the UK.
When people glean and distribute food, they may be bringing themselves legal ris
k; in the Soviet Union, the Law of Spikelets (sometimes translated "law on glean
ing")[22] criminalised gleaning, under penalty of death, or 20 years of forced l
abour in exceptional circumstances.[23] In the US, the Bill Emerson Good Samarit
an Act of 1996 limited the liability of donors to instances of gross negligence
or intentional misconduct, alleviating gleaning from much of its definitions of
the Good Samaritan Act, to consistently deliver surplus food from restaurants an
d dining facilities to emergency food centers.[clarification needed]
Gleaning in art[edit]
Gleaning was a popular subject in art, especially in the nineteenth century. Gle
aning in rural France has been represented in the paintings Des Glaneuses (1857)
by Jean-Franois Millet and Le rappel des glaneuses (1859) by Jules Breton (image
), and explored in a 2000 documentary/experimental film, The Gleaners and I, by
Agnes Varda.
Vincent van Gogh's sketch of a Peasant Woman Gleaning in Nuenen, The Netherlands
(1885) is in the Charles Clore collection.[24]
See also[edit]
The Gleaners (Lon Augustin Lhermitte, 1898)
Dumpster diving
Food Bank
Food rescue
Food Salvage
Freeganism
Tzedakah
Waste picker
The Gleaners and I
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Carpenter, Eugene E. (2000). Holman Treasury of Key Bible Words: 200 G
reek and 200 Hebrew Words Defined and Explained. B&H Publishing Group. Retrieved
2013-08-06.
Jump up ^ Leviticus 19:9
^ Jump up to: a b Leviticus 23:22
^ Jump up to: a b Deuteronomy 24:19
^ Jump up to: a b Leviticus 19:10
^ Jump up to: a b Deuteronomy 24:21
^ Jump up to: a b Deuteronomy 24:20
Jump up ^ Ruth 2:2
Jump up ^ Mark 2:23
Jump up ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public d
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