Chapter 2 - Body Coordination Exercise

Body Coordination
1. The human body reacts to changes in the environment. The changes in the environment
is known as the stimulus and the action or movement as a result of a stimulus is known
as the response
2. Fill up the blank spaces in the mind map:

Body coordination
Nervous
system
CNS

PNS

Endocrine
system
Pancrea
s

Ovaries

Testes

Adrenal

Thyroid
Human Nervous System
3.
4.
5.
6.

A neuron is a nerve cell which is the basic functional unit of the nervous system
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
The spinal cord controls reflex action

7. Draw and label the parts of the neuron:

8. The three types of neuron are the sensory neuron, motor neuron and relay neuron
9. Sensory neuron is distinguished from motor neuron by the location of the cell body
10. Myelin sheath is important because it protects axons from injury and speeds up the
impulse travelling along the axon.
11. Dendrites receive impulses from other cells and transmit the impulses to the cell body
12. Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body
13. The flow of impulses along the nervous system:

Receptors
Sensory
neurons
Relay
neurons
Motor
neurons
Effectors

14. A reflex action is a rapid response to a stimulus. This action is involuntary

15. In a reflex action, the impulses does not pass the brain
16. Complete the pathway of impulses in a reflex arc:

Hand touches
hot kettle
Stimulus

Receptors
Pain
receptors in
skin

Sensory
neurons

Motor
neurons

Relay
neurons

Spinal
Cord

Effectors
hand
msucles

Response
hand moves away
from hot kettle

17. he human brain can be divided into three main parts:

a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla oblongata
18. Label the brain parts below:

19. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It makes up about 80% of the mass
of the human brain.
20. The cerebellum is located below and behind the cerebrum
21. Medulla oblongata is the lower most portion of the brain and is continuous with the spinal
cord. It is the smallest component of the brain
22. Medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions and reflex
23. Give five functions of the cerebrum:
a. Thinking
b. Feeling
c. Visual
d. Memory
e. Voluntary actions
24. Posture and balance of the body is controlled and maintained by cerebellum
25. Fill in the blank space:

Definition
Controlled by
Speed of action
Examples

Voluntary action
Actions that we are aware of
Cerebrum
Slow response
Kicking a ball
Raising your hand
Smiling

Involuntary action
Actions that we are not aware of
Medulla oblongata
Rapid response
Knee jerk
Pumping of heart
Breathing

The endocrine system

26. Hormones are chemicals secreted by endocrine glands and they are released into the
bloodstream
27. Pituitary gland is known as the master gland as it secretes hormone to control activity of
other glands
28. Other than the pituitary gland, name 5 other endocrine glands: [Remember POTAT]
a. Pancreas
b. Ovaries
c. Testes
d. Adrenal
e. Thyroid

29. Fill up the table below:

Glands

Hormones

Pancreas

Insulin

Ovaries
Testes

Oestrogen
Progesterone

Testosterone

Function
Converts glucose to glycogen
Maintains sugar level
Secondary female sexual
characteristic
Secondary male sexual characteristic

High secretion
Low sugar level
Weakness or even coma
Problems related to pregnancy
Aggressiveness

Low secretion
High sugar level
Diabetes
Obstructs normal development of
secondary sexual characteristic
Obstructs normal development of
secondary sexual characteristic

Fight or flight response

Adrenal

Thyroid

Adrenaline

Thyroxine

Increased heartbeat
Increased breathing

Regulates metabolic rate

Very high blood pressure

Weakness of muscle & lack of energy

Very high metabolic rate

Low metabolism

Weight loss

Weight gain

30. Label the diagram below:

31. Fill up the table below:

Types of drugs
Stimulants

Examples
Cocaine
Estacy

Depressants

Barbiturates

Hallucinogens
Opiates

Cannabis
Morphine
Heroine

Effects
Act on central nervous system
Increase energy
Increase heartbeat
Decrease energy
Decrease heartbeat
Cause hallucination
Relieve pain
Induce sleep