Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
REG 265
ASSIGNMENTS
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM IN
MALAYSIA
NAME
NATASSYA NABILLA BINTI YUSOFF
SHAHRUL EZZATI BINTI SHAHRUL AMIR
SITI NURSYAFIQAH MOHD ZULKAIRI
NUR DEENA SYAHEEDA BINTI BAHROM
SUBMISSION DATE: 29 NOVEMBER 2013
LECTURERS NAME: DR RODZI ISMAIL
MATRIX NUMBER
114696
111416
114786
114722
1.
Introduction
1.1
On 22 June 1965, Central Electricity Board (CEB) of the Federation of Malaya was
renamed as the National Electricity Board of the States of Malaya (NEB). Committed to long
term programme of growth and expansion backed by plans carefully crafted and laid down
in the period of CEB, NEB is now firmly led by a Malaysian as the CEO.
The National Grid was one of the plans in full motion. The National Grid or Grid
Nasional in Malay is the primary electricity transmission network linking the electricity
generation, transmission, distribution and consumption in Malaysia. Electricity generating
plants are strategically located at Paka in Terengganu, Temengor, Kenering, Bersia and
Batang Padang in Perak, Connaught Bridge, Kapar and Serdang in Selangor, Cameron
Highlands in Pahang, Prai in Penang, Port Dickson in Negeri Sembilan, Pergau in Kelantan,
Pasir Gudang in Johor and in Malacca.
Keeping the nation's interest in mind, the government relentlessly pursued its
ultimate objective and two pieces of legislation were passed to replace the existing
Electricity Act, and to provide for the establishment of a new corporation TENAGA
NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB), purposefully replacing the NEB (Successor Company Act). Datuk
Hj. Ibak bin Abu Hussein became the last Deputy Chairman and General Manager of the NEB
and the first Managing Director of TNB.
On 1 September 1990, Prime Minister Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad officially
proclaimed TNB as the heir and successor to NEB. TNB became a private company whollyowned by the government; on the same day, Tan Sri Dato Haji (Dr) Ani bin Arope was
appointed Chairman.
2.
2.1
Water turbines are divided into two groups; reaction turbines and impulse turbines. The
precise shape of water turbine blades is a function of the supply pressure of water, and the
type of impeller selected.
2.2
Transmission Lines
2.3
Distribution System
Electricity distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users. A
distribution system's network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivers it
to consumers. Typically, the network would include medium-voltage (2kV to 34.5kV) power
lines, substations and pole-mounted transformers, low-voltage (less than 1 kV) distribution
wiring and sometimes meters.
Distribution networks are typically of two types, radial or interconnected. A radial
network leaves the station and passes through the network area with no normal connection
to any other supply. This is typical of long rural lines with isolated load areas. An
interconnected network is generally found in more urban areas and will have multiple
connections to other points of supply. These points of connection are normally open but
allow various configurations by the operating utility by closing and opening switches.
Operation of these switches may be by remote control from a control center or by a
lineman. The benefit of the interconnected model is that in the event of a fault or required
maintenance a small area of network can be isolated and the remainder kept on supply.
Within these networks there may be a mix of overhead line construction utilizing traditional
utility poles and wires and, increasingly, underground construction with cables and indoor
or cabinet substations. However, underground distribution is significantly more expensive
than overhead construction. In part to reduce this cost, underground power lines are
sometimes co-located with other utility lines in what are called common utility ducts.
Distribution feeders emanating from a substation are generally controlled by a
circuit breaker which will open when a fault is detected. Automatic circuit reclosers may be
installed to further segregate the feeder thus minimizing the impact of faults.
3.
Our main power supply is Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). Tenaga Nasional Berhad is
the largest Electric utility company in Malaysia and also the largest power company in
Southeast Asia with MYR 69.8 billion worth of assets. It serves over seven million customers
throughout Peninsular Malaysia and also the eastern state of Sabah through Sabah
Electricity Sdn Bhd. TNB's core activities are in the generation, transmission and distribution
of electricity. Other activities include repairing, testing and maintaining power plants,
providing engineering, procurement and construction services for power plants related
products, assembling and manufacturing high voltage switchgears, coal mining and trading.
Operations are carried out in Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, India and Indonesia.
Transmission Division
Currently, the TNB Group has a complete power supply system, including the National Grid
which is energised at 132, 275 and 500 kilovolt (kV), with its tallest electricity pylon in
Malaysia and Southeast Asia being the Kerinchi Pylon located near Menara Telekom,
Kerinchi, Kuala Lumpur. The National Grid is linked via 132 kV HVAC and 300 kV HVDC
interconnection to Thailand and 230 kV cables to Singapore.
TNB, through its subsidiaries, is also involved in the manufacturing of transformers, high
voltage switchgears and cables, consultancy services, architectural, civil and electrical
engineering works and services, repair and maintenance services and fuel undertakes
research and development, property development, and project management services.
Generation Division
The Generation division owns and operates thermal assets and hydroelectric generation
schemes in Peninsular Malaysia and one Independent Power Producer (IPP) operating in
Pakistan. In the peninsula, it has a generation capacity of 11,296 MW.
Among plans to expand its generation capacity include increasing hydroelectric generation
by 2015[5] and commissioning the first nuclear power plant in Malaysia by 2025 if the
government decides to include nuclear as an acceptable energy option.
Distribution division
The Distribution division conducts the distribution network operations and electricity retail
operations of TNB. The division plans, constructs, operates, performs repairs and
maintenance and manages the assets of the 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV and 415/240 volt in
the Peninsular Malaysia distribution network. Sabah Electricity provides the same function
in the state of Sabah.
To conduct its electricity retailing business, it operates a network of state and area offices to
purchase electricity from embedded generators, market and sell electricity, connect new
supply, provide counter services, collect revenues, operate call management centers,
provide supply restoration services, and implements customer and government
relationships.
4.
Generation System
4.1
HYDROPOWER
Peninsular Malaysia
Tenaga Nasional Berhad operates three hydroelectric schemes in the peninsular with an
installed generating capacity of 1,911 megawatts (MW). They are the Sungai
Perak, Terengganu and Cameron Highland hydroelectric schemes with 21 dams in
operation. A number of Independent Power Producers also own and operate several small
hydro plants.
Sungai Perak hydroelectric schemes, with 649 MW installed capacity:
4.2
GAS-FIRED
Plant
Connaught
Bridge Power
Station
Genting
Sanyen Kuala
Langat Power
Plant
Karambunai
Power Station
Lumut GB3
Power Station
State
Selangor at Klang
MW
832
Selangor at Kuala
Langat
720
Sabah at Karambunai
Type
Combined
cycle (1 ST,
2 GT), open
cycle (4GT)
Owner/Operator
Tenaga Nasional
Berhad
Combined
cycle
Genting Sanyen
Power Sdn Bhd
120
Open cycle
(4 GT)
Ranhill
Powertron Sdn
Bhd, a subsidiary
of Ranhill Berhad
651
Combined
cycle (1 ST),
open cycle
(3 GT)
Combined
cycle (6 GT,
2 ST)
Segari Energy
Ventures Sdn
Bhd, a subsidiary
of Malakoff
Lumut Power
Station
1,303
Nur
Generation
Plants
220
Paka power
station
Terengganu at Paka
808
Pasir Gudang
power station
404
Combined
cycle (4 GT,
2 ST)
Combined
cycle (4 GT,
2 ST)
Combined
cycle (2 GT,
1ST)
Nur Generation
Sdn Bhd
YTL Power
International
Berhad
YTL Power
International
Berhad
Petronas
Gas Centralized Pahang (GebengUtilities
Kerteh)
Facilities (CUF)
Port Dickson
Power Station
Negeri
Sembilan in Port
Dickson
324
Cogen(9 GT)
Petronas Gas
Berhad
440
Open cycle
(4 GT)
Malakoff Berhad
Prai Power Sdn
Bhd, a subsidiary
of Malakoff
Tenaga Nasional
Berhad
Prai power
station
Penang at Perai
350
Single shaft
combine
cycle (1 GT,
1 ST)
Putrajaya
Power Station
Selangor at Serdang
625
Open cycle
(5 GT)
Sarawak Power
Generation
Sarawak at Bintulu
Plant
Sepanggar Bay
Power Plant
220
Sabah at Kota
100
KinabaluIndustrial Park
Open cycle
(2 GT)
Combined
cycle
Thermal (2
ST),
combined
cycle (2 GT,
1 ST), open
cycle (2 GT)
Combined
cycle (8 GT,
4 ST)
Combined
cycle (2 GT,
1 ST)[4]
Sultan Iskandar
Johor at Pasir Gudang
Power Station
729
Sultan Ismail
Power Station
Terengganu at Paka
1,136
Tanjung Kling
Power Station
Malacca at Tanjung
Kling
330
440
Open cycle
(4 GT)
720
Combined
cycle (2 GT,
1ST)
650
Combined
cycle
Telok Gong
Power Station
1
Telok Gong
Power Station
2
Teknologi
Tenaga Perlis
Consortium
Sarawak Power
Generation Sdn
Bhd, a subsidiary
ofSarawak
Energy Berhad
Sepangar Bay
Power
Corporation Sdn
Bhd[3]
Tenaga Nasional
Berhad
Tenaga Nasional
Berhad
Pahlawan Power,
a subsidiary
of Powertek
Powertek
Panglima Power,
a subsidiary
of Powertek
Teknologi Tenaga
Perlis
Consortium Sdn
Bhd / Global ETechnic Sdn Bhd
Tuanku Jaafar
Power Station
4.3
Negeri
Sembilan at Port
Dickson
1,500
Combined
cycle (4 GT,
2 ST)
Tenaga Nasional
Berhad
Plant
Jimah
Power
Station
Manjung
Power
Station
State
MW
Negri Sembilan at
Lukut
1,400
Perak at Manjung
2,295
PPLS Power
Generation
Plant
Sarawak in Kuching
110
Sejingkat
Power
Corporation
Plant
Sarawak at Kuching
100
Sultan
Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz
Shah Power
Station
Selangor at Kapar
2,420
Tanjung Bin
Power
Station
Johor at Pontian
2,100
Type
Owner/Operator
Jimah Energy
Thermal (2 ST)
Ventures Sdn
Bhd
TNB
Thermal (3 ST)
Janamanjung
Sdn Bhd
PPLS Power
Generation, a
Thermal (2
subsidiary
units)
of Sarawak
Energy Berhad
Sejingkat Power
Corporation Sdn
Thermal
Bhd, a subsidiary
ofSarawak
Energy Berhad
Thermal (6
ST), open
Kapar Energy
cycle (2 GT),
Ventures Sdn
natural gas
Bhd
and coal with
oil backup
Tanjong Bin
Power Sdn Bhd,
Thermal (3 ST)
a subsidiary
of Malakoff
4.4
OIL-FIRED
Plant
Gelugor
Power
Station
Melawa
Power
Station
Sandakan
Power
Corporation
Plant
Stratavest
Power
Station
Tawau
Power
Plant
4.5
State
MW
Type
Owner/Operator
398
Combined
cycle
Tenaga Nasional
Berhad
Sabah in Melawa
50
4 diesel
engines
Sabah at Sandakan
34
4 diesel
engines
Sandakan Power
Corporation Sdn
Bhd
Sabah at Sandakan
60
4 diesel
engines
Stratavest Sdn
Bhd
Sabah at Tawau
36
3 diesel
engines
Serudong Power
Sdn Bhd
BIOMASS
Plant
Bumibiopower
Sdn Bhd
(planning
approved
2001)
Jana Landfill
Sdn Bhd
TSH Bio
Energy Sdn
Bhd
Potensi Gaya
Sdn Bhd
(planning
approved
2003)
Alaff Ekspresi
Sdn Bhd
(planning
approved
2003)
Naluri
Ventures Sdn
State
MW
Type
Owner/Operator
Steam
turbines
Empty fruit
bunch
Selangor at Seri
Kembangan
Gas
turbines
Biogas
Sabah at Tawau
14
Steam
turbines
Empty fruit
bunch
Sabah at Tawau
Steam
turbines
Empty fruit
bunch
Sabah at Tawau
Steam
turbines
Empty fruit
bunch
12
Steam
turbines
Empty fruit
bunch
Bhd (planning
approved
2005)
Seguntor
Bioenergy Sdn
Bhd (planning
approved
2007)
Sabah at Sandakan
11.5
Steam
turbines
Empty fruit
bunch
Kina Biopower
Sdn Bhd
(planning
approved
2007)
Sabah at Sandakan
11.5
Steam
turbines
Empty fruit
bunch
Recycle
Energy Sdn
Bhd
(commercial
operation
2009)
Selangor at Semenyih
8.9
Steam
turbine
Refuse-derived
fuel
4.6
5.
Other Suppliers
5.1
Malakoff Corporation Berhad is a Malaysian power company that generates and sells power
as an independent power producer to Tenaga Nasional for uploading onto the National Grid,
Malaysia.
Malakoff generates electricity mainly from two major types of plant; steam turbine thermal
plants and gas turbine plants.
The company owns and operates four power plants:
The Lumut Power Station in Segari, Perak with 1,303MW capacity. Malakoff has
93.75% equity interest in the plant owner Segari Energy Ventures Sdn. Bhd. (SEV).
The Lumut GB3 Power Station in Segari, Perak with 640 MW; with 75% equity in
plant owner GB3 Sdn Bhd.
The Prai Power Station, Butterworth, Pulau Pinang, with 350MW; held through its
wholly owned subsidiary, Prai Power Sdn. Bhd.
The Tanjung Bin Power Station, Tanjung Bin, Johor with 2,100 MW; with 90% share
in plant owner Tanjong Bin Power Sdn. Bhd. (formerly SKS Power Sdn. Bhd).
The company also has equity on two power stations, but the capacity of these plants
are listed under the majority shareholder.
The Port Dickson Power Station, at Tanjong Gemok, near Port Dickson, Negeri
Sembilan - a 440MW open cycle peaking power plant through a 25% equity interest
in Port Dickson Power Berhad, held through Malakoffs wholly owned subsidiary,
Hypergantic Sdn. Bhd.
The Kapar Power Station, Kapar, Selangor - a 2,420 MW coal, oil and gas-fired plant,
with a 40% share.
Malakoff acquired a 50 percent share in the 420MW Australian Macarthur Wind
Farm in 2013.
5.2
Sabah Gas Industries Sdn Bhd was a state owned holding company based in Labuan,
Malaysia. It was established in 1982 by the Government of Sabah for the downstream
operations of Sabah natural gas resources. The company owned and operated a 660,000tonne per year methanol plant, a 600,000-tonne per year sponge iron factory, and a 79 MW
natural gas-fired power station, all commissioned in 1984 after the gas pipeline from the
offshore gas fields became operational. The industries were supplied by natural gas from
the Erb West and Samarang offshore fields. In the beginning of 1990s, due to financial
difficulties, the company was put for privatization. In 1992, the methanol plant was sold to
Petronas and operates today as Petronas Methanol (Labuan) Sdn Bhd. The power station
was sold to Sabah Electricity. The sponge iron factory was bought by the affiliated
companies of the today's Lion Group. The plant operates today as Antara Steel Mills Sdn
Bhd.
5.3
YTL Power
YTL Power, a subsidiary of YTL Corporation, generates and sell power as an independent
power producer to Tenaga Nasional for uploading onto the National Grid, Malaysia.
YTL Power is the builder, owner and operator of two power plants for a concession period of
21 years following Malaysia's privatisation policy. As the first independent power producer
licensed in Malaysia, its power purchase agreement has the best terms offered, which
include a take-or-pay clause; which requires Tenaga Nasional to pay a guaranteed amount
whether the power is uploaded or not.
In December 2010, YTL Power acquired 30% stake in Eesti Energia's oil shale development
project in Jordan.
The total generation capacity is 1,212 MW.
YTL Power generates electricity mainly from two combined cycle power stations; using both
steam turbine and gas turbine.
The company owns and operates the following power plants with installed capacity of:
YTL Paka power station, Paka, Terengganu - 808 MW
Pasir Gudang power station, Pasir Gudang, Johor- 404 MW
5.4
Powertek Sendirian Berhad is a subsidiary of Tanjong PLC, generates and sell power as an
independent power producer to Tenaga Nasional for uploading onto the National Grid,
Malaysia.
The total generation capacity is 1,490 MW.
Powertek generates electricity mainly from gas turbine plants. Powertek and its subsidiaries
own and operate three power plants in Melaka, Malaysia with a total installed generating
capacity of 1,490 MW, comprising:
Telok Gong Power Station 1, Telok Gong - 440 MW open cycle gas turbine ("OCGT"),
owned and operated by Powertek Berhad.
Telok Gong Power Station 2, Telok Gong - 720 MW combined cycle gas turbine
("CCGT"), owned and operated by Panglima Power Sdn Bhd.
Tanjong Kling Power Station, Tanjong Kling - 330 MW combined cycle gas turbine
owned and operated by subsidiary, Pahlawan Power Sdn Bhd.
5.5
SESCO Berhad
Sarawak Energy (formerly Syarikat SESCO Berhad or Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation,
SESCO) is the energy company responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution
of electricity for the Sarawak state in Malaysia. It is owned by the State Government of
Sarawak.
Sarawak Energy provides electricity to about 382 000 customers. Over the last four years,
sales of electrical grew at an average of 8 per cent per annum. Sarawak Energy has slightly
over 2000 employees.
SESCO is owned 51.6% by the Sarawak State Government and 45% by the Sarawak
Enterprise Corporation Berhad (SECB). The Corporation's total asset currently stands at
around RM4.0 billion.
Thirty-six power stations with a total installed capacity of 1315MW, comprising 5 per cent
Diesel engine, 25.6 per cent gas turbines, 36.5 per cent coal-fired power plant,25 per cent
Combined Cycle Power Station and 7.6 per cent hydro turbines, are strategically established
throughout the State. The major towns are connected to via a 275/132kV State
Transmission Grid.
SESCO generates electricity mainly from two major types of plant; hydroelectric plants and
thermal plants
Hydroelectric power plants
There is 1 major hydroelectric scheme with installed generating capacity of 100 MW with 1
dams in operation:
Batang Ai hydroelectric scheme, with 100 MW installed capacity:
Batang Ai Dam- 4 x 25 MW = 100 MW.
Thermal power plants
There are 35 thermal power plants and diesel-electric plants with installed generating
capacity of 1215 MW in operation. Selected major plants are:
Tun Abdul Rahman Power Station, Kuching - 46 MW Gas Turbine and 68 MW Diesel
engine.
Miri power station, Miri - 99 MW, Open Cycle Gas Turbine
Bintulu power station, Bintulu- 330 MW, Combined Cycle Power Plant
Tg Kidurong Power Station, Bintulu- 192 MW, Open Cycle Gas Turbine
Sejingkat Power Station, Kuching -210 MW, coal-fired power station (phase II)
Mukah Power Station, Mukah- 2 x 135 MW, Coal Fired Power Station
A notable aspect of SESCO operation is the many small diesel-electric power plants in
isolated areas, some supplied by air at prohibitive cost.
6.
National Grid
Although the year 1953 can be considered the birth year of the Grid System in
Peninsular Malaysia, it was not until early 1970s when the first 275kV transmission circuits
were commissioned and started the rapid expansion of the Grid System. In the late 1980s,
to cater for fast demand growth and the need for a more secure Grid System, 500kV was
chosen as the next transmission voltage level and in 1996 the first 500kV circuits were
commissioned.
National Grid originally taking shape in 1964 when the Bangsar Power Station was
connected to the Connaught Bridge Power Station, with the line subsequently extended to
Malacca. In 1965, a plan was set to connect the electricity generating plants that were
spread out all over the country. Plants identified to be linked were located at Paka in
Terengganu, Temenggor, Kenering, Bersia and Batang Padang in Perak, Connaught Bridge,
Kapar and Serdang in Selangor, Cameron Highlands in Pahang, Perai in Penang, Port Dickson
in Negeri Sembilan, Pergau in Kelantan, Pasir Gudang in Johor and in Malacca. The central
area network with Connaught Bridge Power Station in Klang was the precursor of the energy
grid; it also tapped into the Cameron Highlands Hydro scheme from the Sultan Yusuf Power
Station, and was extended into a western network. Late in the 1980s, the loop was finally
complete with the placement of Kota Bharu within the grid.
The Grid System is also interconnected with power systems of Thailand in the North
and Singapore in the South and both were first established in the 1980s. The
interconnection with Thailand has been upgraded since 1998 from a 100MW AC
Interconnection to 300MW HVDC Interconnection that allows rapid control of power and
energy transactions between two power systems. Although the energy transaction through
the 250MW AC Interconnection with Singapore has always been set to zero, the
interconnection has proven to be of benefit to both power systems in times of emergencies.
6.1
Lines Description
Length
500
kV
522 km
275
kV
73 km
132
kV
33 kV
POWER GENERATION
Power generation capacity connected to the Malaysian National Grid is 19,023 megawatt,
with a maximum demand of 13,340 megawatt as of July 2007 according to Suruhanjaya
Tenaga. The generation fuel mix is 62.6% gas, 20.9% coal, 9.5% hydro and 7% from other
forms of fuel.
DISTRIBUTION LEVEL
Distribution lines of 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV and 400/230 volt in the Malaysia distribution
network connect to the National Grid via transmission substations where voltages are
stepped down by transformers.
7.
Electricity Tariff
Electricity pricing (sometimes referred to as electricity tariff or the price of electricity) varies
widely from country to country, and may vary significantly from locality to locality within a
particular country. There are many reasons that account for these differences in price. The
price of power generation depends largely on the type and market price of the fuel used,
government subsidies, government and industry regulation, and even local weather
patterns.
7.1
Commercial
TARIFF CATEGORY
1.
UNIT
RATES
sen/kWh
39.3
sen/kWh
43.0
RM/kW
25.9
sen/kWh
31.2
RM/kW
38.60
sen/kWh
31.2
sen/kWh
19.2
2.
7.2
Industrial
TARIFF CATEGORY
UNIT
RATES
sen/kWh
34.5
sen/kWh
37.7
sen/kWh
35.9
RM/kW
25.3
sen/kWh
28.8
RM/kW
19.9
sen/kWh
28.3
RM/kW
31.7
sen/kWh
30.4
sen/kWh
18.7
RM/kW
27.7
sen/kWh
28.3
sen/kWh
16.1
RM/kW
30.4
sen/kWh
28.8
sen/kWh
17.3
RM/kW
24.4
sen/kWh
26.7
sen/kWh
14.7
UNIT
RATES
sen/kWh
32.6
RM/kW
18.1
sen/kWh
26.8
For each kilowatt of maximum demand per month during the peak
period
RM/kW
25.5
sen/kWh
268
sen/kWh
14.7
UNIT
RATES
sen/kWh
36.9
sen/kWh
40.3
RM/kW
25.9
sen/kWh
30.0
RM/kW
34.9
sen/kWh
31.2
sen/kWh
19.2
UNIT
RATES
Top- Standby
Up
RM/kW 25.9
sen/kWh 31.2
14.0
RM/kW 38.6
14.0
peak period
For all kWh during the peak period
sen/kWh 31.2
sen/kWh 19.2
RM/kW 25.3
sen/kWh 28.8
14.0
RM/kW 31.7
sen/kWh 30.4
sen/kWh 18.7
14.0
RM/kW 30.4
sen/kWh 28.8
sen/kWh 17.3
12.0
RM/kW 18.1
sen/kWh 26.8
14.0
RM/kW 25.5
sen/kWh 26.8
sen/kWh 14.7
14.0
8.
Service Quality
This section covers the performance of customer services of TNB, SESB and NUR, result of
the surveys on customer satisfaction and statistics of complaints received by the
Commission.
Annual Performance Report on Customer Services
Under the license conditions, TNB, SESB and NUR are required to submit annual reports on
performance of customer services to the Energy Commission. These reports cover 15 types
of services. The performance of the three utilities for the last few years are as shown in
Appendix 1, II and III. Based on the reports submitted by TNB, SESB and NUR, it can be seen
that the overall performance in customer services of the utilities is improving.
Complaints Received by the Energy Commission
A total of 201 complaints were received by the Energy Commission in the year 2004. Most
of the complaints were received through the Commission's regional offices and the website.
Table 14 shows the number and types of complaints received in the year 2003 and 2004.
Various efforts were taken by the Energy Commission to resolve the complaints such as
investigation into the complaints, having meetings with the relevant parties and issuing
directives to the utilities etc.
Table : Number and Types of Complaints Received by the Energy Commission in the Year
2003 and 2004
Table : Number of Responses Received by NUR Distribution Sdn. Bhd. in the year 2004
9.
Power Quality
Power Quality is defined as "the availability of pure voltage sinusoidal waveform at delivery
point".
Power Quality is becoming more important as electrical equipments are increasingly used in
the industrial plant. Besides being sensitive to short voltage fluctuation, this equipment also
produce harmonic which can degrade the power quality in the power system.
Incompatibility between power supply and the industrial equipment can cause maloperation of customer equipment or degradation in the quality of industrial product.
Monetary losses due to power quality problem can be as high as outage problem.
10.
Conclusion
Malaysia enjoys ample electricity supply. The national utility company, Tenaga
Nasional Berhad (TNB), supplies power to Peninsular Malaysia, while in East Malaysia, the
Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) and the Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation (SESCO)
provide power to the States of Sabah and Sarawak respectively.
Transmission voltages are at 500 kV, 275 kV and 132 kV while distribution voltages
are 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV and 415/240 volts.
TNB also offers electricity packaged under the thermal generation assets and hydrogenerated schemes for the benefit of certain industries that require multiple forms of
energy for their processes.
Power generation capacity connected to the Malaysian National Grid is 19,023
megawatt, with a maximum demand of 13,340 megawatt as of July 2007 according to
Suruhanjaya Tenaga. The generation fuel mix is 62.6% gas, 20.9% coal, 9.5% hydro and 7%
from other forms of fuel.
11.
References
http://www.tnb.com.my/suppliers/srm.html
http://www.tnb.com.my/business/for-industrial/pricing-tariff.html
http://www.tnb.com.my/business/for-commercial/pricing-tariff.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Power_companies_of_Malaysia
http://www.tnb.com.my/business/malaysian-grid-code.html
http://www.tnb.com.my/about-tnb/history.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Grid_(Malaysia)
The Malaysian Grid Code.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Grid_(Malaysia)