1

BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW

FOUNDATION DUE TO INCLINED
LOAD AND ECCENTRIC LOADING
Lecture-3

References
Braja M Das, Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity

and Settlement, 2nd ed, 2009

Muni Budu, Soil Mechanics and Foundations, 2nd
edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, USA
Bowles, Foundation Analysis and design, 5th edition,
Mc Graw-Hill, 1997
R.F. Craig, Soil Mechanics, (English & terjemahan
Prof.Dr.Ir Budi S Supandji)
D.P. Coduto, Foundation design 1994

Eccentric loading
3

Due to bending moments and horizontal thrusts

transferred from the superstructure, shallow
foundations are often subjected to eccentric and
inclined loads.

Stress distribution
4

Eccentric and moment loading

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Eccentrically loaded footing with (a) Linearly varying pressure distribution

(structural design), (b) Equivalent uniform pressure distribution (sizing
the footing).
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CONTINUOUS FOUNDATIONS
INCLINED LOADING - MEYERHOF

Meyerhofs Theory (Continuous Foundation)

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Note that the horizontal component of the inclined load per unit area on the
foundation qh cannot exceed the shearing resistance at the base, or

where
c = unit base adhesion
= unit base friction angle

where
Ncq, N q = bearing capacity factors that are functions of the soil friction angle
and the depth of the foundation Df
For a purely cohesive soil ( = 0),

For cohesionless soils c = 0; hence

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Meyerhofs bearing capacity factor Ncq for purely cohesive soil ( = 0).

Meyerhofs bearing capacity factor Nq for

cohesionless soil ( = 0, = ).

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CONTINUOUS FOUNDATIONS
ECCENTRIC LOADING

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ECCENTRIC LOADING MEYERHOF

Continuous foundation with eccentric loading

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B = B - 2e

Q u= qu A
where

A = effective area = B 1 = B

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ECCENTRIC LOADING PRAKASH & SARAN

23Derivation

of the bearing capacity theory of Prakash and Saran for eccentrically

loaded rough continuous foundation.

Prakash and Sarans bearing capacity factor Nc(e) .

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where
N (e), Nq(e), Nc(e) = bearing capacity factors for an eccentrically loaded
continuous foundation

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Prakash and Sarans bearing capacity factor Nq(e) .

Prakash and Sarans bearing capacity factor N (e)

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RECTANGULAR FOUNDATIONS

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ECCENTRIC LOADING, ONE WAY

MEYERHOF

Ultimate Load on Rectangular Foundation

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el = MB /Q
eB = ML /Q

where
eL, eB = load eccentricities, respectively, in the
directions of the long and short axes of the
foundation
MB, ML = moment components about the short and
long axes of the foundation,respectively

Eccentric load on rectangular foundation

According to Meyerhof,
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where

A = effective area = BL
B = effective width
L = effective length

Other book use factor F instead of

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B = B 2 eB ; L = L; A = BL
if e=0 calculate L 2eL
The effective area is A = B( L eL)

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ECCENTRIC LOADING, ONE-WAY

PRAKASH & SARAN

Prakash and Saran

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ECCENTRIC LOADING, TWO-WAY

CASE I
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Rectangular foundation with one-way eccentricity

Effective area for the case of eL/L 1/6 and eB/B 1/6.

Case I (eL/L 1/6 and eB/B 1/6)

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CASE II
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Case II (eL/L < 0.5 and 0 < eB/B < 1/6)

A = ( L1 + L2) B

Effective area for the case of eL/L < 0.5 and eB/B < 1/6.

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Case III (eL/L < 1/6 and

0 < eB/B < 0.5)
Figure on the right shows the case under
consideration. Knowing the magnitudes of
eL/L and eB/B, the magnitudes of B1 and B2
can be obtained from Figures 3.20 and 3.21.
So, the effective area can be obtained as
A = ( B1 + B2 ) L
In this case, the effective length is equal to
L = L
The effective width can be given as
B = A/L
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Case IV (eL/L < 1/6 and

eB/B < 1/6)

The eccentrically loaded plan of the

foundation for this condition is shown in
Figure on right. For this case, the eL/L
curves sloping upward in Figure below
represent the values of B2/B on the
abscissa. Similarly, in Figure below the
families of eL/L

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Effective area for the case of eL/L < 1/6 and eB/B < 1/6

Case V (Circular Foundation)

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In the case of circular foundations under

eccentric loading (Fig. a), the eccentricity is
always one way.
The ulimate load for the foundation can be
used Meyerhoff equation concidering:
1. The bearing capacity factors for a given
friction angle are to be determined
from those presented in Tables previously
given
2. The shape factor is determined by using
the relationships given by replacing B for B
and L for L whenever they appear.
3. The depth factors are determined from
the relationships given in Table
However, for calculating the depth factor,
the term B is not replaced by B.

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EXAMPLE

Example
A shallow foundation measuring 2 m 3 m in a plan is subjected to a centric load
and a moment. If eB = 0.2 m, eL = 0.6 m, and the depth of the foundation is 1.5 m
,determine the allowable load the foundation can carry. Use a factor of safety of 4.
For the soil, given: unit weight g = 18 kN/m3; friction angle f = 35; cohesion c =
0. Use Vesics Ng (Table 2.4), DeBeers shape factors (Table 2.6), and Hansens
depth factors
(Table 2.6).
Solution
For this case,

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CONTINUOUS FOUNDATIONS
ECCENTRIC OBLIQUE LOADING

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically

Obliquely Loaded Foundations
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Saran and Agarwal.

where
Nc(ei), Nq(ei), Ng(ei) = bearing capacity factors
q = gDf

Example
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For a continuous foundation, given: B = 1.5 m; Df = 1 m; = 16 kN/m3;

eccentricity e = 0.15 m; load inclination = 20. Estimate the ultimate load Qult.

Solution
with c = 0,

B = 1.5 m, q = Df = (1)(16) = 16 kN/m2, e/B = 0.15/1.5 = 0.1, and = 20.

From Figures 3.27c and 3.28c, Nq(ei) = 14.2 and N(ei) = 20. Hence
Qult= (1.5) [(16)(14.2) 1+(16)(1.5)(20) ]= 700.8 kN/m

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MAT FOUNDATION

Mat foundation
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Clay soil
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Granular soil
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