ANTHR 101 Midterm Study Guide: Some Instructions and

Words of Caution
This document provides an outline of what has been covered in lectures and
includes several examples from the text as well. It is a study guide; it is not a
comprehensive or a detailed summary. You will need to refer to your text and
lecture notes to supplement this list. I have arranged these topics according to the
chapter/module they were found in.
You can expect approximately 2-3 questions on the midterm from EACH CLASS.
Therefore, if we spent two classes on a chapter, that material will constitute 4-6
questions on the midterm.
I have divided each section into two columns: Terms and person/place/thing (where
applicable). These are just lists they do not correlate. For terms, you should know
the definitions and, where applicable, an example. For people you should know what
their contribution was to their field in which they operated. For species, you should
know when/where they lived and how they fit into human evolution. For all of the
terms and people listed you should know why /how each is applicable or relevant to
anthropology.
The midterm will cover chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8, and modules 1 and 2 of your
text, all of the lecture material, and any films watched during class hours.
Make use of the textbook website:
http://www.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780195392876/student/?view=usa
If you have any questions or concerns please contact me via email or during office
hours prior to the exam.
Chapter 1: What is Anthropology
Terms

Anthropology
Holism
Comparative
Evolution
Culture
Biocultural organisms
Race
Racism
Biological Anthropology
Archaeology
Cultural Anthropology
Linguistic Anthropology
Primatology
Paleoanthropology
Sex
Gender
Participant Observation
Fieldwork
Ethnography
Ethnology
Applied Anthropology
Medical Anthropology

Module 1: Anthropology, Science, and Storytelling

Terms
Myths
Science
Assumptions
Observations
Evidence
Testability
Hypotheses
Theory
Objectivity

People
Sir Issac Newton

Chapter 8
Terms
Culture
Symbol
Agency
Institutions
Coevolution
Ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism
Cultural determinism
Cultural authenticity

People

Chapter 2: Why Is Evolution Important to Anthropologists?

Terms
Evolutionary Theory
Evolution
Essentialism
Great Chain of Being
Taxonomy
Genus
Species
Catastrophism
Uniformitarianism
transformational evolution
natural selection
variational evolution
fitness
aptation
adaptation
exaptation
pangenesis
Mendelian inheritance
Genetics
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Gene
Alleles
Chromosomes
Mitosis
Meiosis
Polygeny

Person
Plato
Carolus Linneaus
George Cuvier
Charles Lyell
Jen-Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Alfred Wallace
Gregor Mendel

Pleiotropy
Mutation
Genome
Genotype
Phenotype
norm of reaction
niche construction
Chapter 3: What Can Evolutionary Theory Tell Us about Human Variation?
Terms
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Gene pool
Gene frequency
Population genetics
Polymorphus
Cline
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Plasticity
Acclimatization
Anagenesis
Phyletic gradualism
Punctuated equilibrium
Cladogenesis
Sociobiology
Evolutionary psychology
Behaviour ecology

Person
E.O. Wilson
Stephen Jay Gould
Niles Eldredge

Module 2: Dating Methods in Paleoanthropology and Archaeology

Terms
Relative dating
Absolute/numeric dating
Stratum
Stratigraphic
Superpostion
Biostratigraphy
Typology
Assemblage
Contextual seriation
Frequency Seriation
4

Isotopic dating
Non-isotopic dating
Dendrochronology
Radiocarbon dating
Potassium-Argon dating
U-series dating
Fission track dating
Thermoluminescence
ESR dating
Molecular clock
Pollen dating
Ocean & ice cores
Chapter 4: What Can the Study of Primates Tell Us about Human Beings?
Terms
Primate
Ape
Monkey
Homonoids
Anthropomorphism
Taxonomy
Taxon
Morphology
Homology
Analogy
ecological niche
dentition
prehensile
diurnal
nocturnal
hominins
sexual dimorphism
cranium
mandible
catarrhine
anthropoid
Platyrrhine
Eocene
Oligocene
Miocene
Holocene
Strepsirhines

Person
Jane Goodall
Diane Fosse

Haplorhines

FILM: Becoming Human, Part 1: http://video.pbs.org/video/1312522241

Chapter 5: What Can the Fossil Record Tell Us about Human Origins?
Terms
Bipedalism
mosaic evolution
omnivorous
cranial capacity
Oldowan tradition
Taphonomy
Acheulean tradition
replacement model
regional continuity
model
Mousterian tradition
Middle Stone Age
(MSA)
Upper
Paleolithic/Late
Stone Age (LSA)
Blades
composite tools
Cave art
Olduvai Gorge
Zhoukoudian Cave

Species
Sahelanthropus tchadensis (6-7
mya)
Orrorin tugensis (6 mya)
Ardipithecus kadaba (5.8-5.2
mya)
Ardipithecus ramidus (5.8-4.4
mya)
Australopithecines:
A. anamensis (4.2-3.9 mya)
A. afarensis (3.9-3.0 mya)
A. bahrelghazali (3.5 mya)
A. africanus (3.0-2.0 mya) Lucy
A. aethiopicus (2.6-2.3 mya)
A. garhi (2.5 mya)
A. sediba (2.0-1.5 mya)
A. robustus (2.0-1.5 mya)
A. boisei (2.1-1.1 mya)
Genus Homo:
H. habilis (2.4-1.5 mya)
H. erectus (1.8 mya - 0.4 mya)
H. ergaster (debated)
H. floresiensis
H. neanderthalensis (130-35
kya)
H.heidelbergensis (500-200
kya)
H. sapiens (200 -present kya )
Resource for hominins: http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolutiontimeline-interactive
FILM: Neanderthals on Trial