Development of Emission Scenario

Document for Lube Oil Formulation and End

Use
Presentation to American Chemistry
Council/Petroleum Additives Panel
March 11, 2015
Greg Macek, EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and
Toxics/Risk Assessment Division
Edward Viveiros, Eastern Research Group

Presentation Outline
Overview of Emission Scenario Documents
(ESDs)/Generic Scenarios
Development Process
Data Utilized in ESDs/Generic Scenarios

Note: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenters and do not represent
Agency policy or endorsement
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Overview of Emission Scenario Documents

(ESDs) / Generic Scenarios

Emission Scenario Documents (ESDs)

Developed by member countries through OECD Task Force on Exposure
Assessment
OECD ESDs generally focus on environmental releases
US ESDs are authored by EPA/OPPT/Risk Assessment Division
US authored ESDs include Occupational Exposure as well as
Environmental Releases

Generic Scenarios
Also developed by EPA/OPPT/RAD
But, not OECD ESD projects

Lube Oil Additives Formulation and End Use

OECD ESD project
Augments existing ESD by UK
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ESDs/Generic Scenarios
Cover a specific industry category
Used in EPA/OPPT New Chemical and Existing
Chemical reviews
Used in absence of chemical or industry-specific data
Provide conservative, screening-level estimation
approaches for facility throughput, occupational
exposures and environmental releases
Estimation approaches are ready to use with default
values provided
Based on readily available data
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ESD/Generic Scenario Development

Follows an SOP
Process Steps

Prioritization and Selection

Scoping
Data Collection
Development of Draft ESD/Generic Scenario
Review of Draft by EPA/Risk Assessment Division
Development of Revised Draft
For ESDs submission of revised draft to Secretariat of the
OECD Task Force on Exposure Assessment
Opportunity for member countries to review and provide
comments
ESD may go through several rounds of reviews and revisions
Declassification and published as part of OECD ESD series

Content of ESDs/Generic Scenarios

Follows a standard format
Main Sections

Section 1 Industry Summary and Background

Section 2 Process Description
Section 3 General Facility Estimates
Section 4 Environmental Releases
Section 5 Occupational Exposure
Section 6 Sample Calculations
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Scope of Lube Oil Formulation and

End Use ESD
Formulation of products containing lube oil
additives
Use of additive products in the automotive
industry

Data Utilized in Section 1 Industry

Characterization
Types of chemicals and additives used in lube oil
products
Typical additive concentrations (as manufactured, or
in downstream product formulations)
Typical physical forms of additives (e.g., solids, nonvolatile liquids, volatile liquids)
Market distribution and volumes of automotive
additives manufactured, imported, and used in the
U.S.
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Data Utilized in Section 2 Process

Characterization
Typical processes utilized by industry to:
Produce product formulations by blending additives
with lubricant base stocks
Charge additive-containing lube oils into automobiles
Typical waste practices utilized at formulation and use
sites
General practices for mitigating:
Environmental releases
Worker exposures
Typical industry recycling practices/operations for used oil
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Data Utilized in Section 3 General Facility Estimates

Associated with Formulation and Automotive Use Sites
Number of U.S. establishments formulating additive-containing
lube oils or filling/changing automobiles
Typical number of operating days per year
Typical and high-end daily formulation or use rates
Typical batches per day and hours per batch at formulation sites
Typical number of automobiles serviced per day and
hours/service at automotive sites
Typical size of each formulation batch or automotive fill/refill
Types of containers typically used to transport unblended
additives or final products
Typical container disposal practices
Typical equipment cleaning practices and annual frequency 10

Data Utilized in Section 4 Environmental

Releases Associated with Formulation and
Automotive Use Sites
Typical process activities resulting in potential
environmental releases
Environmental release estimates associated
with process activities
Typical waste minimization practices,
including any supporting information on their
effectiveness (e.g., percent waste reduction)
Typical waste treatment and disposal
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practices

Data Utilized in Section 5 Occupational

Exposures Associated with Formulation
and Automotive Use Sites
Typical worker activities resulting in potential
exposures to lube oil additives through:
Dermal route
Inhalation route

Typical personal protective equipment

Exposure monitoring data (inhalation, dermal)
Typical engineering controls, including any
supporting information on their effectiveness 12
(e.g., ventilation rates, air exchange rates)

Section 6 Sample Calculations

A sample calculation is presented for each
estimation method described in:
Section 3: General Facility Estimates
Section 4: Environmental Releases
Section 5: Occupational Exposures

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Providing Additional Data for the ESD

Contacts:
Edward.Viveiros@ERG.com
Macek.Greg@EPA.Gov

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