TASK 3

PROBLEM 1
Host IP Address

> 173.30.1.33

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.0

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask

173.30.1.33

10101100

00011110

225.255.25
5.0

11111111

11111111

Number of Subnet Bits

Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

0000000
1
1111111
1

8 bits
2^8 = 256 subnet
256
2^8 2 = 254 host Per Subnet
172.30.1.0
172.30.1.1
172.30.1.254
172.30.1.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.
173/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
10101100

30/2 = 15 = 0
15/2 = 7 = 1
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
= 0 =1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00011110

=0=1
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
00000001

33/2 = 16 = 1
16/2 = 8 = 0
8/2 = 4 = 0
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00100001

00100001
00000000

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
First Host
00000001

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000
> 175.30.1.1
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Last Host
11111110

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000
> 175.30.1.1
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of

add become number 1.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Broadcast
11111111

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000
> 175.30.1.255 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 8 bits
> 2^8 = 256 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
per subnet

> 8 bits
> 2^8 2 = 256 2 = 254 host

PROBLEM 2
Host IP Address

> 173.30.1.33

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.252

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet
Work Sheet :

STEP 1

173.30.1.33

10101100

00011110

225.255.25
5.0

11111111

11111111

0000000
1
1111111
1

14 bits
2^14 = 16384 subnet
4
2
172.30.1.32
172.30.1.33
172.30.1.34
172.30.1.35

00100001

1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.

173/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
10101100

30/2 = 15 = 0
15/2 = 7 = 1
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
= 0 =1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00011110

=0=1
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
0/2 = 0 =0
00000001

33/2 = 16 = 1
16/2 = 8 = 0
8/2 = 4 = 0
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00100001

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add

STEP 3

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000

3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111110
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
First Host
00100001

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000
> 175.30.1.1
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Last Host
00100010

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000
> 175.30.1.34 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of

add become number 1.

IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Broadcast
00100011

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000
> 175.30.1.35 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 14 bits
> 2^14 = 16384 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
subnet

> 2 bits
> 2^2 2 = 4 2 = 2 host per

PROBLEM 3
Host IP Address

> 192.192.10.234

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.0

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number
Number
Number
Number

of
of
of
of

Subnet Bits
Subnets
Host Bits per subnet
Usable Hosts per

192.192.10.
234
225.255.25
5.0

11000000

11000000

11111111

11111111

0000101
0
1111111
1

8 bits
2^8 = 256 subnet
256
254

11101010
00000000

Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

192.192.10.0
192.192.10.1
192.192.10.254
192.192.10.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.
192/2 = 16 = 0
96/2 = 48 = 0
48/2 = 24 = 0
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
11000000

192/2 = 16 = 0
96/2 = 48 = 0
48/2 = 24 = 0
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
11000000

10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00001010

234/2 = 117 = 0
117/2 = 58 = 1
58/2 = 29 = 0
29/2 = 14 = 1
14/2 = 7 = 0
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
11101010

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

First Host
00000001

> 192.192.10.1 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
> 192.192.10.234
= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.
11101010
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000
Last Host
> 192.192.10.254
= 11000000. 11000000.
00001010. 11111110
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.
IP Address
> 192.192.10.234
= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.
11101010
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000
Broadcast
> 192.192.10.255
= 10101100. 00011110.
00000001. 11111111

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 8 bits
> 2^8 = 256 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
per subnet

> 8 bits
> 2^8 2 = 256 2 = 254 host

PROBLEM 4
Host IP Address

> 172.17.99.71

Subnet Mask > 255.255.0.0

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask

172.17.99.7
1

10101100

00010001

225.255.0.0

11111111

11111111

Number of Subnet Bits

Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

0110001
1
0000000
0

0 bits
2^0 = 1 subnet
65536
65534
172.17.0.0
172.17.0.1
172.17.255.254
172.17.255.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.
172/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1= 0
=0=1

17/2 = 8 = 1
8/2 = 4 = 0
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/ 2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0

99/2 = 49 = 1
49/2 = 24 = 1
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
0/2 = 0 = 0

71/2 = 35 =1
35/2 = 17 = 1
17/2 = 8 = 1
8/2 = 4 = 0
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0
= 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0

01000111
00000000

10101100

00010001

01100011

01000111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.

IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add
First Host
00000001

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.1
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111
Subnet mask
> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Subnet Add
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000
Last Host
> 172.17.255.254
= 10101100. 00010001.
11111111. 11111110
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.
IP Address
> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111
Subnet mask
> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Subnet Add
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000
Broadcast
> 172.17.255.255
= 10101100. 00010001.
11111111. 11111111

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 0 bits
> 2^0 = 1 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
host per subnet

> 16 bits
> 2^16 2 = 65536 2 = 65534

PROBLEM 5
Host IP Address

> 192.168.3.219

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.0

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

192.168.3.2
19
225.255.25
5.0

11000000

10101000

11111111

11111111

0000001
1
1111111
1

8 bits
2^8 = 256 subnet
256
254
192.168.3.0
192.168.3.1
192.168.3.254
192.168.3.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.

11011011
00000000

192/2 = 16 = 0
96/2 = 48 = 0
48/2 = 24 = 0
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
11000000

168/2 = 84 = 0
84/2 = 42 = 0
42/2 = 21 = 0
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
10101000

3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000011

219/2 = 109 = 1
109/2 = 54 = 1
54/2 = 27 = 1
27/2 = 13 = 1
13/2 = 6 = 1
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
11011011

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.

IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
First Host
00000001

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

> 192.168.3.1 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000
Last Host
> 192.168.3.254
= 10101100. 00010001.
00000011. 11111110
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.

IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000
Broadcast
> 192.168.3.255
= 11000000. 10101000.
00000011. 11111111

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 8 bits
> 2^8 = 256 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
per subnet

> 8 bits
> 2^8 2 = 256 2 = 254 host

PROBLEM 6
Host IP Address

> 192.168.3.219

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.252

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per

192.168.3.21
9
225.255.255.
252

11000000

10101000

11111111

11111111

0000001
1
1111111
1

14 bits
2^14 = 16384 subnet
4

11011011

subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

2
192.168.3.216
192.168.3.217
192.168.3.218
192.168.3.219

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.
192/2 = 16 = 0
96/2 = 48 = 0
48/2 = 24 = 0
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
11000000

168/2 = 84 = 0
84/2 = 42 = 0
42/2 = 21 = 0
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
10101000

3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000011

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1

219/2 = 109 = 1
109/2 = 54 = 1
54/2 = 27 = 1
27/2 = 13 = 1
13/2 = 6 = 1
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
=0=1
11011011

1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

11111100

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
11011000

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.252

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.216

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
11011000

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.252

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.216

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
11011000

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.252

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.216

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1

IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
11111100
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.216
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011000
First Host
> 192.168.3.217
= 11000000. 10101000.
00000011. 11011001
* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
11111100
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.216
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011000
Last Host
> 192.168.3.218
= 10101100. 00010001.
00000011. 11011010
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
11111100
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.216
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011000
Broadcast
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000.
00000011. 11011011

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 14 bits
> 2^14 = 16384 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
subnet

>2 bits
> 2^2 2 = 4 2 = 2 host per