During meaningful learning, the person

subsumes, or organizes or incorporates,

new knowledge into old knowledge.

Subsumption theory suggests that our

mind has a way to subsume information
in a hierarchical or categorical manner if
the new information is
linked/incorporated with prior
knowledge/familiar patterns.

As a result prior knowledge is given

absolute importance.

Teachers are encouraged to teach prior

knowledge first rather than new
information to help information subsume.

Advance organizers provide concepts and

principles to the students directly in an
organized format.

The strategy of advance organizers

basically means to classify/ categorize/
arrange (organize) information as you
proceed (advance) to the next complex
level.

principles

The most general ideas of a subject

should be presented first and then
progressively differentiated in terms of
detail and specificity.
Instructional materials should attempt to
integrate new material with previously
presented information through
comparisons and cross-referencing of new
and old ideas.
1 Define the concept of peace in a holistic
way.

As I have come to see it, holistic education is education that

recognizes and encourages the unity and harmony of all
elements of the Universe. It further recognizes the full depth
of all existence and sees at its core divinity, love, goodness or
peace. It seems to me that as we begin talking about the
importance of peace education, we need to talk about learning
to understand this core of peace within ourselves, and then
move out into the world in proper relationship to the peace
within all others and all elements of the Universe.
Peace education is much more than weapons control, conflict
resolution, environmental awareness, discipline, cultural
exchanges etc. These are all part of peace education, but

without proper understanding of the true essence of our inner

nature, peace, we will not use these techniques effectively
and will not reach our goal of world peace. First we must
begin our peace work by learning to understand the inner
working of ourselves. We must learn how to purify our heart
and render it burning with charity.. so we can recognize
the essence of peace within another and relate harmoniously
outside ourselves. The words to a familiar song say it clearly,
Let there be peace on earth, and let it begin with me.
Of course, this peace of inner illumination is not
accomplished overnight; it is a continual process of selfobservation, discrimination, and purification until one is able
to experience true peace. Peace then becomes our inner
teacher, our guide, and our inspiration that allows us to move
out into the world in harmonious relationship with everyone
and everything. Within the context of education (holistic or
traditional) there needs to be peace education or education of
the heart.
In a most illuminating article on Educating the Whole
Child, Dr. Edwina Hartshorn states that.
Our goal as educators must be to help our children reach
their full potentials by providing both inner and outer
education to help them learn about and develop the skills
necessary to live in the world but also to help them become
aware of their inner being and to understand themselves on
all levels.
2. explain the contribution or importance
of peace education in the quest for
positive social change or transformation
Importance Of Peace For Development
Peace is the state of being free form any kind of
human conflict and violence. All the activities of
the country run smoothly in the situation of
peace. Peace is the sign of development and
prosperity. Human rights are not violated. People
can walk freely from one place to another
without having any fear in their mind. They can
do their business without any obstruction. People
respect each other rights. They are also
committed to fulfil their duty toward their
society. Rule and order is respect by all. People
can raise their living standard by working hard.
Peace brings happiness among people. They are
involved in development activities. Peace helps
to promotes human rights, democratic norms
and value. Peace helps to create the feeling of
love, trust, tolerance, and brotherhood among
people. Development process cant go ahead
without peace and harmony.

Materials
Peace is the mother of civilization and war is the
demon of destruction. Civilization and
development cannot progress if there is no
peace in the country. Literature flourishes only in
the time of peace. It is also the case with
philosophy, science, industry and art. In our daily
lives also we find interest and pleasure in doing
work in times of peace. In times of war its energy
and resource are all employed and defend.

Chart Paper and Markers

Procedures
1.

Write the following definitions on a piece of chart

paper and display it in front of the class.
A. Peace: a state of mutual harmony between
people or groups, especially in personal
relations.

3. Identify and explain the key themes of

peace education

B. Peaceable: fond of, inclined toward or

promoting peace; not argumentative or
hostile.

As a student for peace education, I would

like to share, that there themes that we
propose to journey on to the culture of
peace. My former professor Toh Swee-Hin
used to emphasized the following
themes:
1.dismantling the culture of war

2.

Ask students to restate these definitions in their own

words.

2. Living with Justice and

compassion

3.

Encourage students to think of examples or

anecdotes to support their definitions.

4.

Ask students what a peaceable classroom might be

like.

5.

Generate a list of specific qualities that characterize

a peaceable classroom. Elicit such attributes as:

3. Respect of Human Rights

C. Community: a group of people working

together according to mutual interests or
similar rules.

.4. Personal Peace

5. Cultural Solidarity

A. cooperation
6. Living in harmony with mother
earth

B. good communication

the rejection of violence

C. respect for one another

love and compassion for other humans

4. describe the attribute of peaceable
classroom and teacher
What Is a Peaceable Classroom?

D. non-violent conflict resolution

E. problem solving
o

If student responses are too general-"everyone is nice"-- encourage them to be

more specific.

Continue the discussion using the following

questions:

Grade Levels: K - 5
Objectives

Students will discuss and define the terms peace,

peaceable, and community.

Students will explore the connections between these

three words and their own environment.

Students will analyze the current classroom

environment and discuss ways to make it more
peaceable.

A. If a peaceable classroom has all of the

qualities we just listed, how does our
classroom compare?
B. Do we have a peaceable classroom?
C. What would we have to do to create a
peaceable classroom?

Encourage students to give specific

suggestions about changing the classroom
for the better (e.g. "If two people want to
use the same toy they have to take turns.
Each turn will last exactly five minutes.")

A. What are some caring communities you are

a part of?

List the suggestions on a separate piece of

chart paper.

Once all of the suggestions are written

down, encourage students to try adopting
these behaviors in order to make the
classroom more peaceable.

To conclude the lesson, discuss these final

questions:

B. In what ways do they resemble our

peaceable classroom?
Make the list of suggestions into a poster
and display it in the classroom.

5. Discuss some of the most important peaceable teaching

approaches used in peace education

How to be a Good Teacher

tips for teachers - teaching resources
Teachers and their individual teaching styles cover
the spectrum. Some are strict, some are lenient,
some are funny, and some dont hang around long
enough to develop a style at allyou get the picture.
The burnout rate for new teachers is shocking.
Many simply cannot handle the demands of the job,
so after the first year or two, they find another
profession. The ones who are still teaching after four
or five years are most likely doing something right.
Theyve found a way to manage their classes, and
theyve been able to keep the administrators happy
enough to decide to renew their yearly contracts.
Every teacher goes about teaching a little differently.
There is not, nor should there be, a cookie cutter
mold for effective educators. Students benefit
greatly from experiencing a variety of teaching
styles. That said, there are some salient
characteristics that most good teachers share:
Knowledge and love of the subject: If a teacher
doesnt know her material well, how can she hope to
teach it to others? The best teachers truly love the
subject they teach and are constantly trying to learn
more about it. Students pick up quickly on this!
When they see a teacher whos excited about a
subject, the sentiment can spread to them.
Management: Good teachers have to be excellent
managers. Its not easy to keep a room full of
students focused, keep up with grades and
assignments, follow all the schools rules, keep
parents happy, and jump through all the statemandated hoops and red tape.
Motivation: Teachers also have to serve as
motivators. In order to be a quality teacher, one has
to be able to motivate students to get and keep
them actively participating in the learning process.
This is often a daunting task. Good teachers have
numerous motivational strategies in their bag of
tricks.
Patience: For her own sake as well as for the benefit
of the students, a teacher needs to have an extreme
amount of patience. If youve never had the
experience of being a classroom teacher, you cant
imagine the things we have to handle. Mischief,
clowning, bullying, tears, fights, skipping class,
challenged learners, broken hearts, and downright
meanness are day-to-day occurrences in most
classes. Excellent teachers usually have the patience
of Job.
Accessibility: A good teacher makes herself
accessible to students and to parents. This might
include individual after or before-school help, group
study sessions, and staying in touch with parents.
Interest: A good teacher is interesting, and
unfortunately, this is something that cannot be taught
in any amount of years spent in education classes at
a teachers college, although teaching resources can
often help. Students are almost always much more
interested in Wii games, MTV, and the opposite sex

than they are in school. How do you make British

Literature fascinating to a group of teenagers? I used
a wide range of interesting lectures with interesting
tidbits that werent in the text book, along with
videos, student-focused activities, and innovative
methods of all kinds to pique the interest of my
students. In addition, I always managed to inject a
good dose of humor, which the students loved!
Approachability: A good teacher is viewed as
approachable by her students. They should not be so
intimidated that they are afraid to ask questions or to
request extra help. Accomplish this by smiling and
maintaining a friendly attitude. Be careful, however
be friendly but dont become a pal.
Empathy and understanding: Good teachers learn
that few things are black or white theres always a
gray area. Educators have to take this into account
and be flexible. If an assignment is due on Friday,
for example, but John didnt turn his in, which is
very unusual behavior for him, find out what the
problem is. He might have a good excuse. At least
be willing to listen. Im not saying that rules and
deadlines should not be enforced they should. But
nothing should be set in stone.
Transference: This is probably the most critical
element and the hardest to achieve or explain. Im
referring to the ability to somehow take what you
know and be able to transfer that knowledge into the
minds of your students. No matter how brilliant or
knowledgeable an educator might be, if she cant
transfer that knowledge, shes useless as a teacher. A
few highly motivated, intelligent students will learn
regardless of whether or not the teacher has
transference skills. Most, however, will not.
Respect: Most teachers expect or demand respect,
yet all do not use respect when dealing with their
students. Respect is a two-way street. I always
treated my students with respect, never talking
down to them, embarrassing them, or berating
them. In turn, I rarely had a student treat me with
disrespect.
Concern: Good teachers display genuine concern
for their students. Kids are smart, and theyre
usually pretty hard to fool. They know which
educators really care about them and which ones are
there just to collect a paycheck and be off on major
holidays. Let your students know that you care about
them as individuals and not as just another name or
number on your rosters.
Fairness: This is a very important element for
effective teaching and classroom management. Your
grading and discipline guidelines should be as
objective as possible. Students can easily understand
which ones are your favorites. Its natural to like
some students more than others, but this should
never influence grades, rules, or classroom policies.
To read more about teaching and learning, click the
article links below:

8 Signs You Should Become a Teacher

Do You Possess These Qualities? If So, You'd

Make a Great K-6 Teacher!
From Beth Lewis, former About.com Guide
See More About:

teaching strategies

new teachers

becoming a teacher

Are you thinking about becoming an elementary

school teacher? If you possess all or most of
these personal qualities, I think you could
contribute a lot to children, the community, and
the field of Education. While there is no static
formula for what makes an excellent educator,
these personality traits form the essential
foundation for succeeding in the classroom as an
instructor and as a leader.
Are You Compassionate?
The best teachers are patient, understanding,
and kind. They can put themselves in their
students' shoes and imagine what the students
are thinking and feeling, thus anticipating what
they need in order to learn and thrive. When a
student is struggling, good teachers hide their
frustration and refrain from making disdainful
comments that only make the situation worse.
Instead, compassionate teachers will try
anything and everything in order to reach each
and every student. It can be challenging at
times, but great teachers know that what
separates them from the rest of the pack is the
heart and soul they bring into the classroom.
Are You Passionate?
Effective teachers are passionate about many
things: children, learning, their chosen subject
matter, the art of teaching, and life in general.
They bring the full force of their personalities
into the classroom and spark excitement into the
learning process. While it can be challenging to
maintain a high level of passion over the course
of a long career, the most outstanding teachers
actively cultivate ways to reignite love for the job
and the world of Education. When their students
enter the classroom each morning, they can
instantly sense that the teacher is there for
them, with a high energy enthusiasm that makes
learning anything more exciting.

Are You Persistent?

Teachers absolutely can not give up. As
challenging as the job can be at times, the best
teachers know that their diligence and
commitment to getting the job done well are the
engines that fuel the whole classroom operation.
Are You Up for Challenges?
Teachers can't give up or be easily discouraged
from meeting their students' learning goals. They
should expect to encounter roadblocks and
obstacles, but they must remain single-minded
in their focus on both short- and long-term
objectives. Moreover, effective teachers accept
the inherently difficult nature of the teaching
profession as part of the overall fulfilling nature
of their careers. This relentless commitment to
excellence is contagious on campus and adds an
intangible value to the students' experience.
Are You Results-Oriented?
Through informative assessments, utilization of
the latest pedagogical techniques, attention to
detail, and sheer willpower, the best teachers
use all the tools at their disposal in order to help
their students meet or exceed expectations. It's
also important for teachers to be results-oriented
and always on the lookout for the latest
instructional innovation. When their professional
diligence pays off with student triumph, these
teachers are reinvigorated and recommitted to
their mission as educators.
Are You Creative and Curious?
Empowered teachers accept the dynamic nature
of classroom teaching and don't try to fight it.
Instead, they tap into their inner curiosity about
what makes individuals tick and chart innovative
courses to meet a variety of unique needs.
Effective teachers make a difference in their
students' lives by thinking outside the box and
being fearless in employing techniques that have
never been tried before. Instead of finding this
process
exhausting
or
frustrating,
these
educators come to enjoy the unknowns and
enigmas that crop up each school year because
they get to apply their creative problem-solving
skills in fresh ways on an ongoing basis.
Are You Optimistic?
Don't even think about becoming a teacher if
you are a "glass half empty" type of person. The
concept of self-fulfilling prophecy plays a huge
role in teaching because teacher expectations
often determine student outcomes. In other
words, good teachers know that their students

will only succeed to the extent that they are

encouraged and believed in. By approaching
each student with only the highest of
expectations, these educators visualize student
success long before it actually occurs. This is one
of the most magical aspects of being a teacher.
Are You Flexible?
There is no such thing as a "typical" day in the
life of a classroom teacher. Thus, good teachers
approach each day with an open mind and a
sense of humor. They aren't easily discouraged
by bumps in the road or hiccups in the schedule,
whether these issues be big or small. With a
multitude of factors impacting every minute of
the day, strong educators must be willing to
bend when necessary, with a smile.
Sunday, July 3. 2011
When I Become a Teacher - Sinnea Douglas
When
I
become
a
teacher
I'll put a map of the world on every wall in
my
classroom
My students will always know to have a
universal
mindset
When they hear freedom, they'll think of
more than spirituals and Emancipation
They'll remember the stinking pits at Babi
Yar
The
curled
steel
at
Auchwitz
Sarajevos
rifle
butts
Cambodias grit and sweat and death
These classroom walls will not fence their
minds.
Eyes
will
be
opened.
Again.
Instead of asking my students to adjust to
my
teaching
style
Fawn in silent awe over my genius
I'll
ask
them
how
they
learn
Then
tend
to
the
visual
Auditory
and
tactile
learners
the
best
way
I
can
Theyll never doubt their place in my
plan,
Confuse our classroom for a cookie-cutter
Stage where they must sit on their hands.
Ill
take
criticism.
Gather it like gold dust between my
fingers.

Never satisfied, Ill Practice my practice

forever.
My classroom will be painted bright blues
and
yellows
Along with students drawings, murals and
poetry
Displays
of
Me
Magazines
And
word
walls
Scenes
from
books
acted
out
Role
playing
and
Mock
trials
I will appreciate their creativity

I will teach my students inquiry

Ask them questions about the world
around
them
Their opinions on issues from health care
to
the
Palestine
Wall
I won't talk at them, but with them
We'll have discussions and debates
I
will
challenge
them
Ask them how they would tackle issues
like
budgets
cuts
Low
reading
levels
And
school
safety
I'll ask them how they feel about
Pennsylvania finding money to build 3
more prisons but cutting funding from
schools
Or how they feel about districts paying
millions for standardized test and
curriculum but not having enough for
extra
curricular
activities
They
will
be
informed
My
students
will
storytellers
actors
artists
analyst
activists
All
while
being

be

poets

beautiful

Everyday I will tell them they're beautiful