Steam Line Mechanical Distribution

DESIGN REFERENCE MANUAL
UTILITIES - MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION
DESIGN GUIDELINES
PREFACE TO SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDELINES:
The following items represent the preferences of FSG-Utilities-Mechanical Distribution for basic
materials and systems. It is assumed that manufacturers’ recommendations are followed in all
cases, unless specifically directed otherwise. This document is not intended to cover all
aspects of good engineering specifications and is not intended to be a substitute for competent
engineering design. This is a living document and will be changed as new technology becomes
available or old technology is brought to our attention. Any advice on changes will be welcomed
and evaluated. Please note dates on all pages and contact FSG-Utilities-Mechanical
Distribution for verification that you have the most current copy.
I. STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
System Description:
1. Steam is distributed throughout the campus via looped high and low pressure
distribution systems. Radial feeds also exist to some locations on campus. For
reliability and maintainability, looped systems are preferred wherever possible.
Low pressure use is preferred wherever possible for economic and safety
reasons.
2. The high pressure system is operated at 155 psig, 410° F (40°F superheat). The
low pressure system is operated at 20 psig, 300° F (40°F superheat). The
pressures and temperatures indicated above are nominal at the Power Plant.
The actual pressures and temperatures fluctuate based on Power Plant
operation and location in the system. NOTE: Because the 20 psig system is
connected to the 155 psig system through pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in
numerous places, the same anchoring and expansion standards are used for the
20 psig system and the 155 psig system, with any exceptions noted.
3. The Oakdale Campus is served through a 125 psig steam distribution system.
The 125 psig system is operated at saturation temperature of 353° F. The same
design standards are used on the Oakdale 125 psig steam distribution system as
those required for the Main Campus 155 psig steam distribution system.
4. Whenever additional steam loads are to be applied to the steam distribution

systems, an evaluation of the load design requirements and available steam
distribution facilities and operational needs of the steam/power plant and steam
distribution systems must be made. It is requested that the Designer consult with
FSG-Utilities-Mechanical Distribution.
5. For applications where it is anticipated that the 20 psig distribution system has
adequate or near adequate capacity for the majority of the year, but not adequate
during peak load periods, a pressure reducing valve booster station shall be
connected from the 155 psig distribution system to maintain a minimum line
pressure of 15 psig.
Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

The University of Iowa (1/04) 2.10-1
A. Pressure Reducing Valves:
1. Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) shall be eccentric plug control valves sized and
installed to manufacturer's specifications. Manufacturer: Cashco Ranger.
(Valves may be provided by FSG out of the project budget if requested.)
2. Valve bodies shall be steel or ductile iron. Cast iron will not be accepted.
3. Valves are to be air operated. Pilot operated valves may be allowed under
special circumstances. Consult with FSG-Utilities-Mechanical Distribution.
4. PRVs from the high pressure system will always be fail-close. Valves on the low
pressure system may be fail open, at the discretion of FSG-Utilities-Mechanical
Distribution and the maintenance staff of the affected building.
5. Valves shall provide Class 6 shutoff unless otherwise approved.
6. Valves shall have flangeless bodies designed to fit between two raised face
flanges. The bodies shall fit between ANSI 300# flanges.
7. Gasket material used on flanges shall be Grafoil or equivalent, rated to 500° F.
8. Pressure reducing stations shall be piped as shown on Drawing SD-1.8. The

blowdown valve shall be piped such that it does not blow on the PRV and can be
safely operated while open. No caps are to be used on the blowdown lines,
except in building basements.
9. Where the PRV is smaller than line size, the isolation valves shall be at least one
standard pipe size larger than the control valve (up to line size.)
10. Reducers in PRV stations shall be eccentric, or concentric as needed, to avoid

having points where condensate can build up.
11. Trapping on pressure reducing stations shall be determined by good engineering

design based on station configuration.
12. The pilot pressure sensing line shall be tied into the main pipe at least 20 pipe
diameters downstream of the pressure reducing valve. There shall be a pressure
gauge on the pilot line.
13. Installation of a bypass valve shall be determined during the design phase in
consultation with FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION based on the
use of the system. Systems using steam mainly for heating shall generally have
a bypass. Systems using steam mainly for process use shall generally not have
a bypass.
B. Steam Trapping Stations:
1. Steam traps on mechanical distribution piping shall be only Armstrong #2011

Series. These are inverted bucket traps, with a modular universal body design to
allow for easy replacement.

2. Steam traps are to be modular stainless steel inverted bucket traps. Traps shall
have orifices appropriate to the pressure of the steam line.
3. Each trap will have an upstream block valve, test valve, and strainer, a
downstream swing check valve, a test valve, and a block valve, as shown in
Figure SD-2.3. There shall be no trap bypasses.
4. Traps shall be piped off of drip legs. Drip leg diameter shall be equal to the pipe
size for pipes up to 4" and at least one-half the pipe diameter for pipes over 4".
Length of the drip legs should be 1-1/2 times the diameter of the pipe, with a
minimum of 12".
5. Drip legs shall be equipped with blowdown valves on the bottom of the drip leg
equal to the smaller of line size or 2". Where 2” valve will not fit, 1-1/2” valve may
be substituted with FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION approval.
Blowdown valves shall be piped from the bottom of the drip leg cap wherever
possible.
6. Blowdown piping on drip legs and strainers shall face away from the blowdown
valve handwheel and shall not discharge onto electrical equipment.
C. Check Valves:
1. All check valves shall have either bronze or stainless steel seats and flappers.
2. Bodies shall be bronze, cast steel or forged steel. Cast iron bodies are not
acceptable.
3. All valves on steam shall be 300# class.
4. Manufacturers: Crane, Powell or approved equal.
D. Strainers:
1. All strainers shall have bronze, cast steel or forged steel bodies. Cast iron is not
acceptable.
2. Strainers shall have 1/32” screens.
3. The blowdown port of each strainer shall have a pipe nipple with a full port sized
gate valve with no cap.
4. Any strainer on 155 psig steam system shall be 300# class. Any strainer on
20 psig steam system shall be 150# class
5. Manufacturers: Armstrong, Sarco, Hoffman, or approved equal.
E. Piping:
1. Piping material shall be chosen according to the following list:
Steam - All Locations:

2" & Smaller Schedule 80 A106 Gr B seamless, threaded.

2-1/2" & Larger Std Wt A106 Gr B seamless, buttweld.
Condensate in Tunnels and Tankrooms:

2" & Smaller Schedule 80 A106 Gr B seamless, threaded
2-1/2" & Larger Schedule 10S A312 Type 304L stainless steel.
Condensate in Direct Bury Systems:

2" & Smaller Schedule 40S A312 Type 304L stainless steel,
threaded or socket weld
2-1/2" & Larger Schedule 10S A312 Type 304L stainless steel
(Depending on surface load and installation method,
2-1/2” and larger pipes may need thicker walls.
Consult with FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL
DISTRIBUTION.)
2. Piping shall be sloped 1/4" per 10' of pipe to a drip leg. Pipe shall be sloped
down in the direction of steam flow, where possible.
3. Trapping stations shall be located every 250 feet on all steam lines. Direct bury
systems will require steam vaults to access trapping stations.
4. All piping 2-1/2” and larger shall be butt welded, with no backing ring. Welds
shall be visually inspected by a qualified welding inspector.
5. All piping 2” and smaller shall be screwed piping. All flanges on screwed piping
shall be backwelded.
6. All piping 4” and larger on the low pressure or condensate systems, and all
piping over 2” on the high pressure system, shall be analyzed with an appropriate
stress analysis program by a qualified engineer to properly size and design
hangers and avoid excessive stress in any pipe sections.
7. All piping shall be hydrostatically tested to a minimum of 150# pressure. Test

pressure shall be held for 4 hours. Testing shall not be done against a valve with
live steam on the other side without consultation with FSG-UTILITIES-
MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION. Where necessary to test, the piping shall be cut
and capped. Welds determined by FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL
DISTRIBUTION not able to be hydrostatically tested may be requested to be
inspected by magnetic particle testing.
8. Piping shall have high point vents to allow complete filling of pipe for the
hydrostatic test.
9. Provisions shall be made for blowdown of new steam piping to clean out debris.
Provisions are to be shown on design drawings. Blowdown plans are to be
developed in consultation with FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION.
10. Provisions for pipe expansion shall be made. Both high and low pressure
systems shall be designed for 500° F. Expansion joints (see Section “H”) are

the preferred method. If expansion loops must be used, please inform FSG-
UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION of the reasons.
F. Fittings:
1. All pipe fittings shall be as follows :

2" & Smaller Threaded forged steel 2000# class.
2-1/2" & Larger Standard weight steel buttweld fittings.
2. Threaded systems shall use unions where appropriate. All unions shall be
Nicholson Uniflex Steel/Stainless Pipe Couplings. Pipe unions shall have
replaceable gaskets.
3. All elbows shall be long radius.
G. Gate Valves:
1. Large Valves (2-1/2" & Larger):

a. Manufacturers: Powell, Newco, Velan, Crane or equal.
b. 155 psig Steam: 300# class cast steel, butt weld. 20 psig Steam: 150#
class cast steel, butt weld.
c. Hard faced seat rings.
d. All valves on a project shall be by the same manufacturer and the same
model.
e. Direct-operated valves are preferred over gear-operated valves.
f. All valves shall be equipped with operating devices to allow the valves to
be operated from the ground.
2. Small Valves (2" & Smaller):

a. Manufacturer: Powell.
b. 155 psig Steam: 300# class screwed bronze. 20 psig Steam: 300# class
screwed bronze.
c. Rolled in stainless steel seat rings.
d. Powell Model 2377 only.
e. All valves on a project shall be by the same manufacturer and the same
model.
H. Expansion Joints:
1. Manufacturers: Adsco Model SO-391-RJ, Yarway Fig. No. 6239, Hyspan 6500
series and ATS Thermal Pac Series P2 Ball Joints. All expansion joints on a
project shall be by the same manufacturer and the same model.
2. All expansion joints shall be piston or ball type joints with steel bodies and
chromium plated steel slips.
3. Joints shall have internal and external guides integral with joint gland and body.
Joints shall be equipped with limit stop.
4. Joints shall not have an anchor foot.

5. Joint shall allow the addition of new packing while joint is in service under full line
pressure. The packing ram shall be steel, with no shutoff valve.
6. Joints shall have butt weld ends.
7. Joint travel shall be based on 550° F operating temperature. Joints shall be

pre-pressed to allow shrinkage down to 0° F.
8. Drain plugs shall be seal welded shut.
9. Joints shall be installed per manufacturer’s specifications.
I. Safety Valves:
1. Sized to State of Iowa Codes and ASME Section VIII Unfired Pressure Vessel
Code.
2. Multiple small valves may be used in lieu of a single larger valve.
3. Small safety valves (2-1/2” outlet or smaller) shall be Kunkle Figure 6010 or
equal.
4. Large safety valves (3” outlet or larger) shall be Kunkle Figure 300 or equal.
5. Each safety valve shall have an individual vent pipe to outside. Consult with
FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION on vent pipe size and routing.
6. Safety valve generally not to be hard piped to vent line. All safety valves larger
than 2” shall have cast drip plates (Kunkle Figure 299 or equal) at the base of the
vent pipe, with drain holes piped to a suitable drain.
J. Condensate Pumps:
1. Pumps shall be electric duplex type.
2. Manufacturers: Backos, Johnson, ITT, Spirax, Sarco, Clark Reliance or equal.

Pump shall be installed per manufacturer’s specifications.
3. Condensate tanks shall be vented. Vent discharge location shall be coordinated

with FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION (and Operations &
Maintenance personnel in building).
K. Gauges:
1. McDaniel Gauges or equivalent stainless steel gauge.
2. Face Style: 4" or larger.
3. Range Selection: 20 psig system gauges shall be 0-30 (psig). Medium pressure
(20-90 psig) gauges shall be 0-100 (psig). 155 psig system gauges shall be 0-
200 (psig).

4. Mounting: Standard bottom connection.
L. Steam Flow Meters: All buildings have their steam usage monitored by vortex shedding
steam meters.
1. Steam flow meters, pressure transmitter, and temperature transmitter will be

provided by the FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION.
2. Steam meters shall to be installed in long straight runs of pipe to ensure even
flow.
a. Meters shall be installed with 20 pipe diameters of straight, unobstructed
pipe upstream of the meter, and 10 pipe diameters of straight,
unobstructed pipe downstream of the meter.
b. If the total of 30 pipe diameters absolutely cannot be accommodated,
straightening vanes might be approved by FSG-UTILITIES-
MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION. When straightening vanes are used,
80% of the available straight pipe shall be upstream of the meter and
20% of the available straight pipe shall be downstream of the meter.
3. The steam meter shall be aligned with the direction of the flow.
4. Meters and associated piping shall be sized to provide steam flow rates of
between 5 and 100 fps. Meters may go upstream or downstream of pressure
reducing valve, depending on pressures and flows. Consult with FSG-
UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION if questions arise.
5. The steam meters used are of three different styles, based on the size of the pipe
the meters are used on. Steam metering stations may be installed in 2", 3", 4",
and all larger sized pipe.
a. 2" and 3" steam meters are flanged. Mating flanges to be used are ANSI
Class 300. Flange bolts shall extend through both meter flanges. See
Figure 15251.12.6.1 for installation details.
b. 4" steam meters are a flangeless design. The meter shall be sandwiched
between two ANSI Class 300 flanges. See Figure 15251.12.6.1 for
installation details.
c. Meters to be installed in lines larger than 4" are an insertion type meter.
The pipe shall be prepared with a 2" Thread-O-Let, with a pipe tap of
1-7/8" minimum. There shall be a minimum of 48" head clearance above
the tap to allow for installation and removal of the meter. See Figure
12521.12.6.3 for installation details.
6. Each steam meter installation shall have a pressure transmitter and a

temperature transmitter. The pressure and temperature transmitters shall be
between 2.5 to 3.5 pipe diameters downstream of the meter and spaced apart as
required for tapping. See Figure 15251.12.6.1 for installation details.
7. All meters shall have isolation and bypass valves as shown on the installation
drawings.
M. Pressure Transmitters:

1. Pressure transmitters will be provided by the FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL

DISTRIBUTION.
2. Pressure transmitters shall be installed with a shut-off valve, pigtail, and pressure
gauge as indicated under Section “L.7”.
N. Temperature Transmitters:
1. Temperature transmitters will be provided by the FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL

DISTRIBUTION.
2. Stainless steel thermowell for temperature transmitter shall be provided by

FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION and will have enough collar to
protrude through the insulation.
O. Burial Selection:
1. Main Services - Walk Tunnels: Steam lines designated as a main campus steam
service by FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION shall be installed only
in walk tunnels for reliability, maintainability and potential to be upgraded. The
main service tunnels shall have room enough to transport any required
replacement parts between the pipe supports, with clearance space for fingers,
heads, and carrying of devices.
a. Tunnel floors shall be positively sloped towards a drain or sump.
b. Tunnels shall be ventilated with supply fans controlled by a thermostat
with an On/Off/Auto switch.
c. Tunnel entrances shall be hinged, spring assisted Bilco doors or
equivalent. Tunnel entrances shall not be placed under roads. Doors
shall be key lockable. Dead bolt locks are not acceptable. No key shall
be required to open door from inside, and exit lever shall be easily
accessible.
d. At tunnel locations where serviceable items are located, tunnel chambers
shall be installed with surface access.
e. Surface access shall allow hands-free upright entrance wherever
possible.
f. All tunnels shall have lights and outlets for the length of the tunnel on
separate circuits.
g. No plastic expansion anchors shall be used in the tunnel, even for
conduit.
h. Emergency lighting is not required. All tunnels entrants are required to
have flashlights.
i. All tunnel entrances shall have aluminum OSHA notice signs stating
“Entry into Utility Tunnels requires approval! Daytime 335-5156/
335-6103; Nights/Weekends 335-5022 (page Mechanical Distribution on-
call person)” mounted just inside the entrance.
2. Branch Services - Tunnels or Direct Burial: While no direct buried piping

systems are “acceptable” to FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION, we
recognize the fact that in many cases it is not economically feasible to construct
tunnels. Based on the service size, location and other conditions a decision
must be made as to type of branch service.

Following are our preferences for each type of system. We may be willing to look
at alternate systems that are not discussed below, but would be reluctant to
approve downgraded versions of those discussed. Please note that while all of
these options have their uses, they are not all interchangeable or proper for all
locations or designs. Consult with FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL
DISTRIBUTION for selection of appropriate system.
a. Pre-Insulated Piping: Pre-insulated piping generally consists of a steel
carrier pipe, insulation and an outer casing pipe. The system is pre-
designed by the manufacturer and fabricated off-site. It is assembled in
the field like a jigsaw puzzle. Installation is tolerant of contractor error.
High difficulty of field modification. Usually has a lead time of 8 weeks
after receipt of order.
1) Preferred System: Permapipe Multi-Therm 500 or equal.
Minimum System: Permapipe Escon-A or equal.
2) Acceptable Manufacturers: Permapipe/Ricwil, Rovanco,
Thermacore.
3) Steam and condensate shall be installed in separate casing pipes.
4) Trapping vaults on the system shall be no more than 250 feet
apart. See Section “P” for vault details. Vaults are more than just
locations for traps and expansion joints. They also allow places in
the system for future tie-ins and allow adequate troubleshooting of
system leaks.
5) Provision for pipe expansion shall be made. Expansion joints
(Section “H”) in a vault are the preferred method. If expansion
loops must be used, inform FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL
DISTRIBUTION of the reasons. Expansion loops take up more
ground space, save no money, provide a likely place to start
leaks, and prevent new pipe from being slid into the old casing
without excavation.
6) All wall penetrations shall be sealed with Thunderline Linkseals or
equivalent.
7) Casing pipe shall be air pressure tested.
b. Direct Buried FoamGlas: This consists of a steel carrier pipe with field
applied FoamGlas insulation and a heat sealed protective jacket. Must
be fully designed by project engineer. This system is all field fabricated.
This system is not tolerant of contractor error. This system may also not
be as watertight at wall penetrations.
1) Steam and condensate pipe shall be insulated separately with
adequate thickness Foamglas insulation.
2) Insulation shall be held onto pipe with wire. Outer jacket shall not
be used to hold insulation in place.
3) Outer jacket shall be heat sealed Pittwrap. Standard bituthene or
self-sealing wrap shall not be used. Install jacket per
manufacturer’s instructions.
4) Wall penetrations shall have outer jacket extended through wall
penetration. Urethane foam shall be used to seal between the
jacket and the concrete.
5) Trapping vaults on the system shall be no more than 250 feet
apart. See Section “P” for vault details. Vaults are more than just
locations for traps and expansion joints. They also allow places in

the system for future tie-ins and allow adequate troubleshooting of

system leaks.
6) No expansion loops shall be used on this system.
7) Flowable fill or compacted sand shall be used as bedding.
8) Full-time engineering supervision is required during installation, as
faulty installation cannot be detected by any post-construction test
methods.
c. Dri-Therm Envelope: Dri-Therm is a fine, white mineral powder designed

to enclose piping in a water-repellent insulating envelope. This consists
of a steel carrier pipe bedded and backfilled in 6”-10” of Dri-Therm.
Dri-Therm is willing to assist the project engineer with design. This
system is not tolerant of contractor error. This system may also not be as
watertight at wall penetrations.
1) Steam and condensate pipe may be encased in same Dri-Therm
envelope.
2) The pipe system and supports must be designed by Dri-Therm.
3) Trapping vaults on the system are to be no more than 250 feet
apart. See Section “P” for vault details.
4) Provision for pipe expansion shall be made. Expansion joints
(Section “H”) in a vault are the preferred method. If expansion
loops must be used, inform FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL
DISTRIBUTION of the reasons. Expansion loops take up more
ground space, save no money, and provide a likely place to start
leaks.
5) Full-time engineering supervision is required during installation, as
faulty installation cannot be detected by any post-construction test
methods.
P. Vault Design:
1. All vaults shall be designed with enough room to do the work required.
2. All vaults shall be provided with power and light.
3. All vaults shall have positive ventilation controlled by a thermostat with On-Off-
Auto option switch..
4. All vaults shall have either a drain to a storm sewer (preferred) or a permanently
installed sump pump and discharge piping.
5. All vaults shall have spring-assisted access doors (Bilco or equal). Manhole
covers are not acceptable. Doors shall be lockable with a key. In vaults, dead
bolts are acceptable.
6. All vaults shall be cast-in-place concrete.
7. All vaults shall have a Q-door when not in driveable area.
8. All vaults shall have a H-20 J-door when in driveable area.

9. All vault doors shall be sized to allow largest equipment in and out.
10. All vaults shall have a painted or galvanized ladder.
11. Power:
a. All vaults shall have at least one outlet and one switched light. Outlet
shall be sized to operate pump and saw-z-all.
12. Drainage:
a. All vaults shall have a gravity drain wherever possible.
b. All vaults shall have a sump hole at low point, ideally near the entrance.
Sump hole shall be 24” in diameter and 24” deep.
13. Ventilation:
a. Cold Hole (a hole in which no high temperature lines are present):
1) A cold hole shall have power and small airflow for humidity control
with freezestat.
b. Hot Hole (a hole in which high temperature lines are present):
1) A hot hole shall have large power flow with a freezestat.
14. All vaults may require two separate openings, or one opening and grate in
Q-door.
15. All small openings in vaults shall be manholes with rings.
16. All wall piping penetrations shall be sealed with link seals.
17. All outside walls shall be waterproofed. Match existing building waterproofing.
18. All vault ceilings shall be waterproofed.
19. All vault supports for process piping and equipment shall be stainless steel.
20. All vault supports for maintainable items shall be galvanized or painted.
21. All vault surface drainage shall be routed away from all openings.
22. There shall be controls for ventilation of all vaults.
23. Power:
a. All vaults shall have a single speed fan with thermostat control fan to
have On-Off-Auto switch in vault.
24. All vault ventilation shall be either in vault or remote louvered penthouses.
25. All vault air ducts to louvered penthouses shall be ductile iron (push joint).
26. All vault drain piping shall be:

a. Cold Vault: PVC.
b. Hot Vault: Steel in vault; ductile iron pipe in ground.
Q. Pipe Support:

1. All portions of pipe stanchions within 12" of concrete shall be 304L stainless
steel.
2. All anchors shall be insulated from floor to ceiling.
R. Insulation:
1. Insulation shall be provided on all pipes, ducts and equipment where:

a. Heat transmitted will significantly affect the ambient temperature in
spaces requiring temperature control.
b. Heating and/or cooling ability will be significantly affected due to heat flow
into or out of the pipe or duct.
c. Condensation will occur as a result of the material surface temperature
approaching the dewpoint of the ambient air.
d. Significant energy loss would result from heat transfer justifying the cost
of insulation.
e. Personal injury may result.
2. Insulation shall not be installed on steam traps and condensate return pumps.
3. All exterior piping insulation systems shall be specified with a 0.019-inch

stainless steel jacket.
STEAM TUNNEL INSULATION
1. All steam lines in tunnels will have the following insulation:

a. 850 Certainteed fiberglass insulation, 3-1/2" thick on high pressure
steam; 2-1/2" thick on low pressure steam. Where the required size of
insulation is not possible, the largest size of 850 Certainteed fiberglass
insulation possible shall be used.
b. In addition to the fiberglass insulation with the vapor barrier jacket, the
insulation shall be covered with fiberglass cloth and CP-11 vi-cryl mastic.
Mastic shall be applied thick enough that cloth pattern shall not be visible.
c. Insulation shall be installed in two layers, using staggered joints and
seams.
2. All condensate lines in tunnels shall have the following insulation:

a. 1" of 850 Certainteed fiberglass insulation.
b. In addition to the fiberglass insulation with the vapor barrier jacket, the
insulation shall be covered with fiberglass cloth and CP-11 vi-cryl mastic.
Mastic shall be applied thick enough that cloth pattern shall not be visible.
3. At any point in the tunnel where there is an entrance to the tunnel, fan discharge
onto the insulation, or grating openings, there shall be a 0.019 inch stainless
steel jacket installed around all insulated pipes. All seams in the jackets shall be
placed facing downward.
4. If the pipe is held in place with a spider guide that does not have sufficient
clearance to allow at least 3/4” clearance between the insulation and the outer
ring, the following procedures shall be used:

a. The insulation shall neck down to a single layer approximately 6” before

and after the guide.
b. The top layer of insulation shall be beveled at a 45 degree angle to allow
for a smooth transition to a single layer.
c. The individual pieces of insulation that are placed between the legs of the
spider guide shall extend past the spider legs so that they may be bound
firmly into place with cloth and mastic wrapped around the pipe.
STEAM VAULT INSULATION
1. All steam lines in vaults shall have the following insulation:

a. 3-1/2" of non-asbestos containing calcium silicate insulation with the
exception where 3-1/2" of insulation is not possible, then the largest size
of non-asbestos containing calcium silicate insulation shall be used.
b. In addition, there shall be two layers of insulation with staggered joints
and seams.
c. Jackets shall be 0.019 inch stainless steel. All seams shall face
downward.
2. All condensate lines in vaults shall have the following insulation:

a. Insulation shall be 1" calcium silicate, using manufacturers listed below.
b. Jackets shall be 0.019 inch stainless steel. All seams shall face
downward.
3. The non-asbestos containing insulation shall meet or exceed the standards of the
following brands:
a. Johns Manville - Kaylo T-12
b. Pabco-Cal Temp
c. Manson-Cal-Max
d. Temperlite 1200
e. Owens-Corning Pink
EXPANSION JOINT INSULATION
1. All expansion joints shall have removable/reusable insulation covers that cover
the expansion joint from weld to weld. The expansion joint covers are required to
meet or exceed the following:
a. The outer jacket shall be Steamguard 1-Teflon coated Nomex cloth
7 oz./sq. yard x 0.010" thick.
b. The gusset shall be Steamguard 1-Teflon coated Nomex cloth 7 oz./sq.
yard x 0.010" thick.
c. The inter jacket shall be stainless steal crimped mesh.
d. The insulation shall be 2" thick, minimum of 6# density, ceramic wool.
e. The sewing thread shall be 3-ply 304 stainless steel and pure Nomex
thread.
f. The seam fasteners shall be stainless steel lacing hooks.
g. ID tags shall be 304 stainless steel, embossed lettering.
h. All the rest of the hardware shall be 304 stainless steel.
i. Hog ring construction shall not be used.
j. Provisions shall be made for the packing cylinders to ensure snug fit
along the entire expansion joint.

k. Factory-made covers designed especially for the purchased expansion

joints may be approved by the Owner even if some of the above
specifications are not met.
PREINSULATED PIPING INSULATION
1. All lines in preinsulated piping systems shall have one of the following types of
insulation, based on the manufacturer’s standard.
a. 850 Certainteed fiberglass insulation (or approved equal), mineral wool,
calcium silicate, or Foam-Glas.
b. High Pressure Steam: 3-1/2" thick.
c. Low Pressure Steam: 2-1/2" thick .
d. Condensate: 1” thick.
e. The different insulating values do not affect the thickness of insulation
desired.
II. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
System Description:
The Water Plant currently produces soft water and distributes it to the campus through a large
network of piping. The majority of the system is looped, but there are some radial feeds.
Looped systems are preferred for reliability and maintainability. There are also several
connections to the City of Iowa City water lines, used to feed or be fed in emergencies.
Whenever additional water loads are to be applied to the water distribution systems, an
evaluation of the load design requirements and available water distribution facilities and
operational needs of the Water Plant and water distribution systems must be made. It is
requested that the Designer consult with FSG-Utilities-Mechanical Distribution.
A. Water Pipe:
1. Ductile iron piping shall be class 350 restrained joint piping for 18” and smaller.
For 20” and larger pipe, class shall be determined based on pipe laying
conditions.
2. Pipe shall be cement lined.

a. All changes in direction shall be made with 45°, 22-1/2°, or 11-1/4°
bends. 90° elbows shall be used only with Owner's approval.
3. Acceptable Manufacturers: Griffin - Snap Lok, U.S. Pipe – TR Flex, Clow - Super
Lock, or American Pipe.
4. All water pipe shall be encased in a polyethylene sheathing.
5. All field cut joints shall be mechanical joint with Megalug series 1100 restraint.
Manufacturer’s field kit shall not be used.
6. Hydrants shall be Mueller Super Centurion 200, Model A-423.

7. Valves 14” and smaller shall be Clow F-6100 resilient wedge gate valve or
approved equal.
8. Valves 16” and larger shall be gear-operated butterfly valves.
9. All pipe shall be laid in a sand bed and shall have at least a 12” sand envelope.
10. Disinfection procedures shall be stated in specifications to conform to AWWA.

Disinfection shall be done before hydrotest.
11. Flushing instructions shall be explicit in Drawings, including source of water,

outlet point and final destination of water.
12. Hydrotest: FSG-Utilities-Mechanical Distribution has the following special

requirements for hydrotesting:
a. Hydrotest piping to 150 psig.
b. Where possible, hydrotest shall be made against capped ends.
c. FSG-Utilities-Mechanical Distribution shall witness first attempt at hydro.
There shall be no “pre-test”.
d. Test shall be for 4 hours.
e. Pipe may only lose 5 psig.
f. Generally, the leakage rate criterion shall not to allowed.
13. All wall penetrations shall be sealed with Link-seals.
14. All piping shall be anchored to the wall at wall penetrations.
III. CHILLED WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
System Description:
Currently, the chilled water distribution system uses the same specifications as the domestic
water system except as noted below:
1. Disinfection is not required.
2. All valves on chilled water shall be gear-operated butterfly valves.
IV. SEWER COLLECTION SYSTEM
System Description:
The campus sanitary system collects sanitary sewage from all campus buildings from
connections at manholes. The campus sewers then discharge into the City’s sewer lines at
several places for the final journey to the City sewage plant.
The campus storm sewer system collects storm water and some cooling tower blowdown from
all over campus and directs it to many locations to drain into the Iowa River.
Whenever additional sewage loads are to be added to the sewer collection system, an
evaluation of the load design requirements and available sewer collection facilities must be
made. It is requested that the Designer consult with FSG-Utilities-Mechanical Distribution.

A. Sewer Pipe: Select the appropriate pipe from the choices below. FSG-Utilities-
Mechanical Distribution’s preference is for push joint PVC sewer pipe, but there are
locations where this is not an appropriate choice. Cement sewer pipe shall be used only
where absolutely necessary.
1. SDR 35 PVC push joint pipe.
2. PVC cement filled truss pipe.
3. Ductile iron pipe with restrained joints. See Section on water piping.
4. Precast concrete pipe.
5. Galvanized spiral pipe shall not to be used.



The University of Iowa

Mechanical Distribution
Notes for “2” - 4” Meter Installation, 6/11/97 Rev 2
1. Meters must be installed in straight piping. The piping shall be free from bends, reducers,
valves, and branch lines for a distance of 20 pipe diameters upstream from the meter and 10
pipe diameters downstream of the meter. The diameter of the piping shall be the same as
the meter size.
2. Meters have flow direction arrows on them that need to be observed. There are 3 sizes of in-
line meters, 2”, 3”, and 4”. There are no other sizes under 4”. The 4” meters have wafer style
bodies. The 2” and 3” meters have flanged bodies. Flanges should be 300# raised face.
Meter will be provided by FSG-Utilities and installed by contractor.
3. Use line size gate valves, butt weld steel for 3” and larger, Powell Model 2377 for 2”.
4. 1/2” NPT thread-o-let is for pressure tap assembly (detailed on “Pressure Tap - Steam
Metering”). 3/4” NPT thread-o-let is for a thermowell to be at least 5 pipe diameters
downstream of meter. In 2” piping, the 3/4” thread-o-let is to be eliminated and replaced with
a 2”x3/4” coupling in the end of a tee downstream of the 10 pipe diameter straight run.
Thermowell to be provided by FSG-Utilities.
5. 2" Powell valve model 2377 for the by-pass.
6. 2" by-pass around the meter installation.
Design Notes
Sizing :
Steam meters are to be sized for a steam velocity of 5 minimum feet per second of steam flow
and a maximum velocity of 125 feet per second.
Electronics:
The sensors in the meter station consist of a pressure transmitter, a temperature transmitter,
and a steam flow meter, all provided by FSG-Utilities. The sensors require conduit and wiring to
a central location which will be an existing PLC or a new PLC. The wiring destination and PLC
components that the project needs to cover must be coordinated with FSG-Utilities on a per
case basis. A separate specification covers the wiring and PLC required.



Notes for - 6” and Larger Meter Installation 6/12/97 Rev 2
1. Meters must be installed in straight piping. The piping shall, be free from bends, reducers,
shall valves, and branch lines for a distance of 20 pipe diameters upstream from the meter
and 10 pipe diameters downstream of the meter.
2. Insertion style meter provided and installed by FSG - Utilities.
3. The distance from the flange to any wall or other obstruction be at minimum of 43".
4. The 3/4" Thread-O-Let and 1/2" Thread-O-Let. Materials provided by FSG - Utilities, installed
by contractor. For the pressure tap assembly see the Pressure Tap Figure.
5. 2" Thread-O-Let with a 1 7/8" minimum tap, provided by FSG - Utilities and installed by
contractor.
6. 2" XH Steel nipple 4” long, provided by FSG - Utilities and installed by contractor.
7. 2" gate valve to be Powell Model 2377, provided by FSG - Utilities and installed by
contractor.
8. 2" XH Steel nipple 6” long, provided by FSG - Utilities and installed by contractor.
9. Flange 300# raised face, provided by FSG - Utilities and installed by contractor.
Design Notes
Sizing :
Steam meters are to be sized for a minimum steam velocity of 5 feet per second of steam flow
and a maximum velocity of 125 feet per second.
Electronics:



Notes for - Pressure Tap - Steam Meter 6/12/97 Rev 3
1. 1/2" XH steel nipple; length sufficient so valve handle is free from insulation.
2. 1/" 300# Class Bronze Valve, Powell Model 2377.
3. 1/2" XH steel nipple, 2" long.
4. 1/2" to 1/4" 2000# steel coupling (no bushings shall be used).
5. 1/4" steel pigtail.
6. 1/4" x 1/4" x 1/4" 2000# steel tee.
7. Ashcroft pressure transmitter (provided by FSG-Utilities).
8. Pressure gauge, piped so it can be read from ground (provided by FSG-Utilities).
Design Notes
Electronics:




Steam Line Mechanical Distribution

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DESIGN REFERENCE MANUAL

UTILITIES - MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION

PREFACE TO SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDELINES:

I. STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

4. Whenever additional steam loads are to be applied to the steam distribution

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

A. Pressure Reducing Valves:

5. Valves shall provide Class 6 shutoff unless otherwise approved.

7. Gasket material used on flanges shall be Grafoil or equivalent, rated to 500° F.

8. Pressure reducing stations shall be piped as shown on Drawing SD-1.8. The

10. Reducers in PRV stations shall be eccentric, or concentric as needed, to avoid

11. Trapping on pressure reducing stations shall be determined by good engineering

B. Steam Trapping Stations:

1. Steam traps on mechanical distribution piping shall be only Armstrong #2011

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

3. All valves on steam shall be 300# class.

4. Manufacturers: Crane, Powell or approved equal.

2. Strainers shall have 1/32” screens.

5. Manufacturers: Armstrong, Sarco, Hoffman, or approved equal.

1. Piping material shall be chosen according to the following list:

Steam - All Locations:

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

2" & Smaller Schedule 80 A106 Gr B seamless, threaded.

Condensate in Tunnels and Tankrooms:

Condensate in Direct Bury Systems:

7. All piping shall be hydrostatically tested to a minimum of 150# pressure. Test

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

1. All pipe fittings shall be as follows :

3. All elbows shall be long radius.

1. Large Valves (2-1/2" & Larger):

2. Small Valves (2" & Smaller):

4. Joints shall not have an anchor foot.

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

6. Joints shall have butt weld ends.

7. Joint travel shall be based on 550° F operating temperature. Joints shall be

8. Drain plugs shall be seal welded shut.

9. Joints shall be installed per manufacturer’s specifications.

2. Multiple small valves may be used in lieu of a single larger valve.

1. Pumps shall be electric duplex type.

2. Manufacturers: Backos, Johnson, ITT, Spirax, Sarco, Clark Reliance or equal.

3. Condensate tanks shall be vented. Vent discharge location shall be coordinated

1. McDaniel Gauges or equivalent stainless steel gauge.

2. Face Style: 4" or larger.

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

4. Mounting: Standard bottom connection.

1. Steam flow meters, pressure transmitter, and temperature transmitter will be

6. Each steam meter installation shall have a pressure transmitter and a

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

1. Pressure transmitters will be provided by the FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL

1. Temperature transmitters will be provided by the FSG-UTILITIES-MECHANICAL

2. Stainless steel thermowell for temperature transmitter shall be provided by

2. Branch Services - Tunnels or Direct Burial: While no direct buried piping

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

the system for future tie-ins and allow adequate troubleshooting of

c. Dri-Therm Envelope: Dri-Therm is a fine, white mineral powder designed

2. All vaults shall be provided with power and light.

6. All vaults shall be cast-in-place concrete.

7. All vaults shall have a Q-door when not in driveable area.

8. All vaults shall have a H-20 J-door when in driveable area.

Design & Construction Services Mechanical Distribution

10. All vaults shall have a painted or galvanized ladder.

15. All small openings in vaults shall be manholes with rings.