Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
and T.W.
Knudsen,
Completion,
and
Statoil
I
Copyright 1987 Offshore Technology Conference
This paper was presented at the 19th Annual OTC in Houston,Texas, April27-30, 1987. The material iS subject to correctionby the author. permission
to COPY is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words.
GULLFAKS
ABSTRACT
Systems:
Philosophy,
A Subsea
development
plan, technical
and functional
and Statoils
to date in the
including start up. The
various
wells
are connected
form, which
is a PDQ
and Living
operation
objectives
,a~n
Quarters)
Develop
to the Gullfaks
(processing, Dri~lin9
Subsea
Platform.
Accelerate
economic
field is situated
reservoirs
drilling
are heavily
fault through
Recoverable
reserves
are assumed
showed
the whole
Sm3
field.
production
returns.
has changed
_*r_
-tl-
for
from:
1984 : 5 PRODUCERS
1985 : 3 PRODUCERS &
1 WATER INJECTOR
1986
changes
: 4 PRODUCERS &
.
1 WATER INJECTOR
to
and experience
field developments.
STATUS AT FEBRUARY
-V~APRIL
These
depth
and improve
(812x109 SCF) o~
gas.
The water
wells.
that the
the effi-
north-south
are:
140 km from
(Figure No. 1) .
A Project
The field appraisal
outside
reservoirs
Gain information
mainland
subsea
Figure No. 2.
A plat-
future
the Norwegian
for incorporating
FIELD
The Gullfaks
PLAN
descriptions
were accomplished.
THE GULLFAKS
DEVELOPMENT
experience
phases,
A SUBSEA
from 13(
new reservoir
knowledg
and
simulations.
220 meters.
The subsea wells
non-TFL
wireline
Illustrations
(non-thru-flowline)
typ
; However~
serviceable.
at end of paper
389
...==~=
-_
.
I
he same Christmas
Flexible flowline,
with
a hydraulic
a separate
umbilical
to be diverless,
for installation
and
guideposts
i.e.
and
assisted.
;Ystem is 10
?he plan
md
start-up
installation
of the Gullfaks
WS-11 weight
A 5-string
casing programme
is used,
3/4 casing
strings.
A subsea
The tubing hanger
the protective
comprising
roof.
wells.
years.
guidelines
and retrieves
set wellhead
?he design
the
umbilical.
is designed
operations,
protective
tool establishes
!he system
Hanger
& Tubing
Each well
injection.
to the platform
m electrical
I Wellhead
No. 3.
hanger
system allows
to be run, orientated,
the tubing
tested
and
of the satellite
system
They consist
of:
Christmas
The Christmas
contains
protective
structure
Christmas
tree System
satellite
control
workover
tools
installation
The Gullfaks
module
system
allowing
Tree System
tree System
Christmas
tree
Christmas
tree cap
Christmas
tool .
and workover.
A satellite
system
is a new
The Christmas
a single
I
The guide
frame provides
protection
The valves
for the
are fitted
for
Structure
ROV override
supported
The protective
structure
type structure
allowing
been designed
to deflect
through
ROV access.
loads.
The Christmas
to absorb
A removable
the Christmas
tree running
is shown in Figure
the Christmas
tree a
tree cap.
No. 5.
Satellite
Control Module
This unit
components
protection
either
tool is used to
to provide
protection.
The structure
shaft
It has
and is piled
an extension
is an open frame
run or retrieve
a high probability,
Additional
is forged as
block.
valve operators.
overhead
the following:
for diverless
development
Protective
(Figure No. 4)
is installed
subsea.
in the
the bottom
of the control
All hydraulic
system
all activ
installed
connections
of the satellite
control
are via
module
I
aYu
SCM) .
The electrical
,nductive couplers
connectors
There is a dedicated
are via
on the outboard
uninterruptible
side of
.he SCM.
elown sequence
Iorkover Control
This system
:un/rekrieve
and operate
system
is designed
the following
mmultiplexed electro/hydraulic
Tubing
control
s;ystern.
hanger
pull-in
and connecting
!he complete
tools
subsea control
;ystem is contained
T?he control
of Christmas
transferred
tree valves
:he workover
~ell.
to
;omponents:
Christmas
shut
power.
1
?he subsea control
of a controlled
to
E)rimary platform
System
power
in the system
A platform
This is achieved
:ontrol module
are
within
and monitoring
the satellite
(SCM) , which
is retrievable
to
of the
after removal
the Christmas
of thf
system utilizes
?iscosity water-based
tree
~uicker response
cunning tool.
hydraulic
a 10W
fluid for
fluids.
Pull-in
and Connection
System
The fluid in the hydraulic
Each satellite
pulled
in and connected
umbilical
(Flowline,
and electrical
FLOWLINES
umbilical).
AND UMBILICALS
The reservoir
fluid composition
consolidation
justify
pipe.
a single
flexible
provides
control
system
pressure,
temperature
and control
the satellite
during
start-up,
failsafe
production
valves
All computer
Manual
instructions
are performed
subsea master
operation
directed
within
of the flexible
possibilities.
pipe have been
determine
and
the main
inspection
will
from the
control
of the control
the platform
commands,
dedicated
result
control
of 4,000 psi.
and inspection
operations.
monitoring
sands
The
installed
be replaced
concept.
inspection/testing
Test spools
and
and
chosen have an ID of 6
rating
difficulty
relevant
(Figure No. 7)
flowline
flowlines
and a pressure
SYSTEM
special
The subsea
lines car
hydrauli~
The pull-in
SUBSEA CONTROL
control
be displaced.
station.
system
is
modules
on
The umbilicals
cables/hose
deck.
391
are standard
bundles.
flexible
tin
can become
with anchors
A prerequisite
definition
over
The protection
lowlines, etc.
the seabed
is a clear
of the
is achieved
and Fabrication
Engineering
by
with mattresses.
The subsea production
the Gullfaks
ROJECT EXECUTION
contracts
!he overall
project
execution
are:
A main contractor
was chosen
testing.
and fabrication
Testing
integration
Drilling
and Completion
based control
Offshore
Construction
subsea equipment
were assembled
testing
execution.
Integration
Testinq
development
The purpose
of integration
High complexity
Strong
prepare
of equipment
with respect
ko certain
requirements
equipment,
for efficient
on reliability
Several
highly desirable
offshore
installation
operations.
and
Make
during
is to
and personnel
by:
safety.
simultaneous
testing
procedures
This is achieved
properties.
operations
early June
started.
factors
reservoir
engineering,
Uncertainties
Integration
Prototype
to be
for detail
Engineering
in the project
1984.
responsible
fabrication
Phe following
in April
plan is shown
.n Figure No. 3.
were established
adjustments
easily
and
proven
while
necessary
or
the equipment
i~
accessible.
completion.
A thorough
equipment
through
debugging/verification
and offshore
an extensive
Gain experience
of
diverless
procedures
Integration
in running
operation
tools for
on TV control.
Test
Test the installation
(.IT)program.
and operating
procedures.
Important
project
factors
execution
to ensure
an efficient
Added
are:
safety
system prior
Definition
Technology
in-house
and verifiec
to going offshore.
of field data
Authorities
Systems
in a debugged
Train personnel
requirements
status/development
for project
control
The integration
both
four phases
Clear contract
plan/strategy
Activity
at required
plans
of design
original
levels
of offshore
lasting
work)
by analysisand
test
392
of
phases were:
integration
system
rilling,
Completion
and Commissioning
equipment.
ithout interfering
Deep water
tested
}latform tow-out
Main components
test.
hanger,
the integral
the workover
workover
control
installation
:ompletion comprises
was performed
A
in 1986.
of the following
<Activities:
system.
Well completion
Shallow water
and running
test of Christmas
tools together
and connection
Pull-in
tree
and connection
tools.
Land integration
control
excluding
the platform
system equipment.
and
umbilicals
with pull-in
equipment,
of flowline
livers.
It clearly
without
supported
the use of
the necessity
>f an integration
iiverless
~iverless
operations
proved
to be very
efficient.
by Statoil.
Commissioning
[sin experiences
gained
rere:
Lack of verification
phase caused
debugging
in the engineering<
a higher
amount
of
necessary
of organizational
have cleared
than anticipated.
interfaces
before
is essential
starting
to
such
operations.
Lack of proper
configuration
to hardware
caused
control
and
Offshore
Construction
extra work.
In addition
in order to
properly
proper
on diverless
offshore
to the completion
installation
was organized
proved
necessary
develop
all operational
marking.
Fabrication
in order to
of the integration
was achieved.
Structures
and
and Protection
of
and Umbilicals.
test did
of Protective
of Flowlines,
Installation
requirements.
Flowlines
The extension
of subsea equipment
in two contracts:
Installation
Testing
program,
of these activities
Installation
of Protective
Structures was
This installation
done in JulylAugust
1985.
been a diverless
1
393
operation.
have
of flowline
These problems
and
It is important
brought
to be
~perations
secondary
so as to have flexibility if
The capability
occur.
simultaneous
operations
temperature
is
conditions
Production
sensor
normal
December
approximately
7 months
before
The extensive
testing
programs
proved
indicated
a temperature
and offshore
SUMNARY
gained,
during
commis-
alarms,
seepages
the production
start-up
swamp gas
by pressurizing
to open the
the flowline
during
tubing,
of a subsea production
was brought
24 hours
up to mud burners
for removal
Configuration
control
documentation
is a strict requirement
for approximately
installed
correctly.
testing
and
execution
plan.
6 hours,
evaluations
as the geologists
to
receive
they were
flexible
start-up
were:
planning
in the process
started
train
indication
is a usefull
enough
and improves
new data.
plans must be
to incorporate
this.
work required
careful
flexibility.
2)
train.
initial
skimming/carry-over
and
is
necessary
Subsea offshore
1)
of equipment
to ensure
The drilling
during
management
and diesel
Some problems
for
prior to deployment,
good project
Integration
to the burners
turned
Development
temporary
abandonment.
of glycol
for the
OF EXPERIENCE
require
been cleaned
systems.
on production
have matched
for
Production
The
choke.
flowline.
verification
to date.
as an extra
profiles
far
as the
operations
buriedjinsulated
training
smoothly.
temperature
scheduled.
to be very valuable,
measured
22, 1986,
at
flowing
located
temperature
Start-Up
During
satisfactorily.
required.
in the multiplex
control mode.
The hydraulic
incidents
of handling
on production
gas flow in
unforeseen
by the
trenching machine.
were
plan,
of slug flow in the flowlin e
to develop
including
activities,
394
Gullfaks
A Project
a marine
all offshore
in October
1983.
interface
,cKNoWLEDG~NT
like to express
their
Eor allowing
so
Fig.lGullfaks
field
location.
.
.
e
.
<
.
El
N
.
r
<
s . _ .___ _ _
o
z
I i
II
-K-
I;ri
_*,
i?
396
..?
i..-
Fig. 6Workover
control system.
Fig, 7subse*
Fig, 8- flowllne/anchor
397
pattern.
cOntrol system.