Introduction to Stoichiometry

Part 2: the Mole

Stoichiometry
A quantity frequently used in chemistry:

6.022 X 1023 of anything = 1 mole

Mole is a Quantity!
Pair = 2
(2 shoes per pair)
Dozen = 12
(12 cookies per dozen)
Mole = 602000000000000000000000

6.02 X 1023 atoms per mole

6.02 X 1023 molecules per mole

I would like to have a mole of pennies!

How much money would that be?

$6,020,000,000,000,000,000,000.00
trillion
1,000,000,000,000

Example
1 mole of HNO2 = 6.022 x 1023 molecules HNO2

HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO O
HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONH
O
HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO ONH
ONO
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
HONO
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONH
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO ONH
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO ONH
ONO
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
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O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
HONO
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONH
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO ONH
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO ONH
ONO
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
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H
O
N
O
H
O
N
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H
O
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H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
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O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
H
O
N
O
HONO
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONH
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO ONH
O
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO ONH
ONO
H
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N
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H
O
N
O
H
O
N
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H
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N
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H
O
N
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H
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H
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H
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H
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H
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H
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H
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H
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H
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N
O
H
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H
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HONO
HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO HONO HONOHONO HONO

6.022 x 1023 Hydrogen atoms = 1 mol H

6.022 x 1023 Nitrogen atoms = 1 mol N
12.044 x 1023 Oxygen atoms = 2 mol O

More Complicated Molecules

0.75 mol of HNO2

Formula is the key

To build 0.75 mol of HNO2, I need:
0.75 mol HNO2 x

0.75 mol HNO2 x

0.75 mol HNO2 x

1 mol H
= 0.75 mol H
1 mol HNO2
1 mol N
= 0.75 mol N
1 mol HNO2
2 mol O

1 mol HNO2

= 1.5 mol O

More Complicated Molecules

5 mol of Ca(NO3)2

Formula is the key

To build 5 mol of Ca(NO3)2, I need:
5 mol Ca(NO3)2 x ? mol Ca
= ? mol Ca
1 mol Ca(NO3)2
? mol N
5 mol Ca(NO3)2 x
= ? mol N
1 mol Ca(NO3)2
5 mol Ca(NO3)2 x

? mol O
= ? mol O
1 mol Ca(NO3)2

More Complicated Molecules

1 mol of Ca(NO3)2
Formula is STILL the key

Ca(NO3)2
1 Ca

1x2=2Ns

3x2=6Os

More Complicated Molecules

5 mol of Ca(NO3)2

Formula is the key

To build 5 mol of Ca(NO3)2, I need:
5 mol Ca(NO3)2 x 1 mol Ca
= 5 mol Ca
1 mol Ca(NO3)2
2 mol N
5 mol Ca(NO3)2 x
= 10 mol N
1 mol Ca(NO3)2
5 mol Ca(NO3)2 x

6 mol O
= 30 mol O
1 mol Ca(NO3)2

More Complicated Molecules

0.75 mol of Ca(NO3)2

Formula is the key

To build 0.75 mol of Ca(NO3)2, I need:

0.75 mol Ca(NO3)2 x 1 mol Ca

= 0.75 mol Ca
1 mol Ca(NO3)2
2 mol N
0.75 mol Ca(NO3)2 x
= 1.5 mol N
1 mol Ca(NO3)2
6 mol O
= 4.5 mol O
0.75 mol Ca(NO3)2 x
1 mol Ca(NO3)2

Review
Stoichiometry is simply using ratios
Atoms are combined to make molecules in specific ratios
Simple calculations for molecules

Slides 10-12 and 16-22 are adapted from Petrovich (with permission)
Duke Quidditch: http://www.facebook.com/dukequidditch/photos_stream
(Photo credit information and written permissions will be acquired prior
to publication on Coursera.)

Credits
Edited by Kun Li
Slides 4-8 are adapted from Petrovich (with permission)
Ken Lyle is thanked for providing chemical samples.