Annexure TT-B

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN

UAF-US COLLABORATION FOR STRENGTHENING OF AGRI. ACADEMIA
Phone: 041-9201125, 9200161-170, Ext. 3604, 3607, Fax: 041-9201333
Email: efs@uaf.edu.pk
Proposal Identification No
COMPLETE PROJECT PROPOSAL
Project Title: Commercialization of IC/EC engines for power generation from agri waste
2. Applicant's Details:
a) Principal Investigator:
Name:
Qualification:
Institution/Organization:

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal

PhD (USA)
Department of Farm Machinery and Power,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Professor/Dean
Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Telephone: 041-9200161-70 Ext. 3002 Fax: 041-9200193
E-mail: uaf_miqbal@uaf.edu.pk

Present Position:
Postal Address:

b) Co-Principal Investigator:
Name:
Qualification:
Institution/Organization:
Present Position:
Postal Address:

Dr. Anjum Munir

PhD (Germany)
Department of Farm Machinery and Power,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Assistant Professor
Department of Farm Machinery and Power,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Telephone: 041-9200161-70 Ext. 3002 Fax: 041-9200193
E-mail: anjum.munir@uaf.edu.pk

c) UAF Team Member:

Name: Dr. Abdul Ghafoor
Qualification: PhD
Institution/Organization: University of Agriculture, Fasialabad
Present Position: Lecturer
Status (Regular/Adhoc/Contract): Regular
Postal Address: Department of Farm Machinery & Power
Mobile: 0332-6602169 Fax: 041-9200764
E-mail: ag_1272@yahoo.com
d) Other local team members:
Name:
Engr. Anum Yaseen
Qualification:
BE in Metallurgy
Institution/Organization: Envirable Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd Faisalabad
Present position:
Project Incharge

Postal address:

Envirable Energy Systems (Pvt) ltd.

238-D Peoples Colony Faisalabad

Telephone: +92 41 242 3691 & 92
E-mail: anum@envirableholding.com
3. Overseas Cooperating Scientist/Organization:
Name:
Qualification:
Institution/Organization:
Postal Address:
E-mail:

Randall G. Claywell
MPhil (Adv. Masters Engineering/Renewable Energy)
Napier University
33a Fehervari ut. 1/7, Budapest, Hungry 1117.
Telephone: +36 (00) 306039280
r.claywell@argesi.com imeclectic@hotmail.com

4. Total Cost (Rs. Million): 4.8211 millions

5. Project Location: University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan
6. Project Duration: 12 months
7. GENERAL
a) What is Existing Situation?
The energy crises has hit hard almost every segment of economy in Pakistan, its just tip of an
iceberg, nation has to face the worst in future, agriculture is one of the main victim of this
catastrophe, almost 55% areas of Pakistani cultivated land depend on subsoil and deep water
resources, which is the main user of energy in agricultural sector, moreover poultry farming,
small agricultural industry and farming house hold are among them.
Formerly above energy needs were fulfilled with subsided grid power supply , cheap diesel fuel
pumps and generators but the energy crises has changed the situation upside down , as the grid
energy is decayed by frequent shutdowns and diesel prices are so high resulting is economical
unviability.
To help the nation using more domestic fuels and renewable energy technologies the Envirable
Holding Group, assists the nation in developing biomass energy projects. As part of that
assistance, (EHG) has prepared this Technology on biomass coffering technologies. Renewable
sources of energy are very important for Pakistan as there is acute shortage of fossil fuels.
Among renewable sources, energy from the biomass is of special significance as it is abundantly
available. Unlike conventional energy utilization, biomass energy is free of connections,
unlimited supply of source and also decease gas emission.
Biomass energy investments in developing countries are imperative to avoid an energy crisis
arising from over-dependence on fossil fuels. In advanced countries biomass energy is
successfully utilized for power generation. From a number of studies on industrial heat demand,
several industrial sectors have been identified with favorable conditions for the application of
biomass energy.

b) What are the scope and issues to be addressed and your approach to address them?
The term biomass refers to materials derived from plant matter such as trees, grasses, and
agricultural crops. These materials, grown using energy from sunlight, can be renewable energy
sources for fueling many of todays energy needs. The most common types of biomass that we
are using is rice husk. By this technology a farmer is able to save his electricity cost by using
sterling engine to produce the electricity. The proposed research will be focused to utilize the
biomass renewable energy for the rural community so that they may have their own post-harvest
processing units free of operational cost. Additionally, biomass energy can be successfully
utilized for the value addition of different perishable agricultural products.
Pakistan is enjoying four seasons with blessings of multiple numbers of agricultural commodities
ready to be processed at farm gate. It can be set with authority and certainty that Pakistan is a
food basket. At present, 60% of the population in Pakistan are rural based and have
limited/constraint access to electricity and fossil fuels. Moreover, these resources are too
expensive to meet their needs related to post-harvest and food processing.
Give Justification of the project.
Rice husk is a cheaper source to act as raw material for such a useful biogas plant. It saves the
fuel consumption as now a day our country is suffering from severe shortage of fossil fuels. it
will prove a great economical texture for the farmers because the rice husk is basically destined
to the bin boxes but from this manner we can consume the priceless raw material to get valuable
output. This biogas is 1st time inaugurating in Pakistan at this level and our company is providing
the main carpet to establishing this firm plant.

With the increasing population and industrialization, there is need to cut down the load of fossil
fuels and to reduce environmental pollution. Biomass energy investments in developing
countries are imperative to avoid an energy crisis arising from over-dependence on fossil fuels.
By using the biomass energy in sterling engine we can give relief to the former to lighten up his
forms and surroundings. The most important, in this process combustion of rice husk is
externally so it is environment friendly.
8. THE TECHNOLOGY
a) Give brief overview of the Technology to be transferred
The research will be comprised of two phases. In the first phase, a biomass Gasifier will be
developed to run a diesel engine and in the second phase of the research a Stirling engine will be
developed which will be operated on rice husk. The detail of both the system is given below:
Phase 1
Biomass gasification is the conversion of solid fuels, such as wood and agricultural residues, into
a combustible gas mixture. An electric generator set or tube well with a combustion motor uses
this gas as a fuel to produce electricity or pump water. The Gasifier is a chemical reactor that
uses wood chips, rice husks, coal or similar carbonaceous materials as fuel and burns them in a
process of incomplete combustion due to a limited air supply.

Biomass Gasification:
Products of the gasification process are
solid ashes
Partially oxidized products like soot (which have to be removed periodically from the
gasifier), and generator gas. The main flammable components of the resulting generator
gas are
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Hydrogen (H2), and
Methane (CH4)

Figure 1: Biomass Gasification Process

Due to its high content of nitrogen (more than 50%) and other incombustible components, this
producer gas has a low calorific value compared to other fuels. The calorific value of generator
gas is only about 5 -6 MJ/kg versus 35-50 MJ/kg for natural gas.
There are many different gasification methods in use or in development, but the small-scale
power gasifiers use almost exclusively the downdraft fixed-bed technology. The air/gas stream
moves downwards through a fixed (not fluidized) bed of woodchips. This is the only economic
option on a small-scale that also produces a fairly clean gas.
Theoretically, electricity can be produced by various kinds of technical equipment, such as a
combustion unit in combination with a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a Sterling motor, or even a
fuel cell. In practice, internal combustion piston engines are almost exclusively used to drive
electric generators for the small-scale applications discussed here. Apart from some minor
adaptations, this generator set is more or less the same as used with other fuels. Spark ignition
Otto engines as well as compression ignition diesel engines can be used.
While the Otto engines can be operated on generator gas only, diesel engines generally need cofuelling of conventional diesel fuel.
All internal combustion engines require a very clean gas as a fuel. Otherwise, excessive engine
wear and low power output will inevitably occur. Therefore, a cleaning system is an essential
component of a gasifier plant. Cleaning systems that use water to wash out the undesired
components are quite efficient. However, they produce a high quantity of toxic and carcinogenic
liquid waste. Hence, dry cleaning systems are the preferred solution in nonindustrial systems
today.
The gasification technology is principally well suited for small power plants ranging from below
10 kW to over 100 kW. Appropriate gasifier systems with internal combustion engines can
produce 1 kWh of electricity from 1.1 1.5 kg wood, or 1.8 3.6 kg rice husks. Assuming the

wood originates from renewable production regardless of whether planned forestation or

natural regeneration - it would be a nearly CO2 neutral, renewable energy source.
Hence, this technology seems to be a very interesting solution for many initiatives and projects in
times of the climate change debate. The general features of the technology are indeed promising:
In contrast to a photovoltaic system or a wind generator, electricity can be produced at any
desired time given the availability of the required biomass. A generator in the range between 10
and 100 kW provides sufficient energy not only for household lighting, but also for televisions,
refrigerators and the operation of small machinery as well. In addition, the provision of fuel in
the form of wooden sticks or agricultural waste can be a source of income for small farmers and
an incentive for reforestation.

Phase 2
A Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other
gas, the working fluid, at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion
of heat energy to mechanical work.[1][2] Or more specifically, a closed-cycle regenerative heat
engine with a permanently gaseous working fluid, where closed-cycle is defined as
a thermodynamic system in which the working fluid is permanently contained within the system,
and regenerative describes the use of a specific type of internal heat exchanger and thermal store,
known as their generator. It is the inclusion of a regenerator that differentiates the Stirling engine
from other closed cycle hot air engines.

A Stirling engine uses the Stirling cycle, which is unlike the cycles used in internal-combustion
engines.
The gasses used inside a Stirling engine never leave the engine. There are no exhaust valves that
vent high-pressure gasses, as in a gasoline or diesel engine, and there are no explosions taking
place. Because of this, Stirling engines are very quiet.
The Stirling cycle uses an external heat source, which could be anything from gasoline to solar
energy to the heat produced by decaying plants. No combustion takes place inside the cylinders
of the engine.
We believe sterling engine is the right solution of this problem because sterling engine being an
EC engine the fuel burns outside the engine thus preventing mechanical decay and lube oil

contamination in the engine. This makes it very cost effective and durable for the biomass to
farm energy.
b) Have you practically tested these methods earlier? If, yes, where?
Yes, we have successfully installed and tested these systems at various all over the Pakistan as its
18th century invention.
Sr.
No.
1.

2.
3.

Location

Capacity

Application

Remarks

Leistriz
aktingeseleschaf
t
Nuremberg,
Germany
Energie u.
Turbinentechnik
bunde Germany
GE Jenbacher,
Austria

1-300
MW

Manufacturing of turbine blades

and precision parts for aero/ space
research

In excellent
working
condition

50 kW-5
MW

Mfg./ Repair of steam/ gas

turbines

1-3 MW

Engine Manufacturer

Good
working
condition.
Very Good
working
condition.

1. Objectives:
Objective 1: Development of demand-based biomass technologies to fulfill the basic needs
of former. As energy crises are so high in Pakistan so in order to provide cheap and high
quality we used our agriculture refuse.
Objective 1: Dissemination of knowledge about renewable energy technologies for the
biomass (rice husk) and value addition best suited to the stakeholders (farmers, students,
researchers, end-users etc.) it is cost effective project as its capital cost, maintenance and
operations cost is economical.
Objective 3: Capacity building of stakeholders and trainers for selection, development and
operation of efficient, economical biomass energy systems to run their own small scale
water pumping machines at farm level using renewable energy and acceptable to end-users
by using the participatory approach of FOs, Energy and Agriculture department (Punjab).

10. PROCEDURES
a) Methodology, Quantitative and Qualitative parameters along with time frame to gauge
the effects of your intervention?

Review, Site Selection and procurement of material

Drawing work of Gasifier

Fabrication work Gasifier
System integration with diesel engine
Performance evaluation of Gasifier system
Development and fabrication of Stirling engine
System integration
Performance evaluation of Stirling engine
Maintenance, monitoring, testing and data acquisition
Research and report writing

11. Plan of Work:

a) Activities:
Phase
Activities
Phase 1 Design and
fabrication of rice
husk gasifiers.
Development and
construction of
gas purification
system.

Locations
Envirable
energy systems
pvt ltd
Envirable
energy systems
pvt ltd
Faisalabad

(phase 1)

Phase 2

Installation &
Interconnection
of whole system
Training to the
farmers
community and
technology
transfer.
Design and
fabrication of
Stirling engine.

University of
agriculture
Faisalabad
University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad
Envirable
Energy Systems
pvt. ltd

Methodology/ Procedure
Design and Fabrication of rice husk Gasifier
Development and casting of gasifiers
equipment of Biomass fuel hopper, Screw
feeder unit, Fluid bed Gasifier, Biomass
gasifying furnace, Cyclone, Blower,
NO.1Wet- Type spray scrubber, NO.2WetType spay scrubber, Venturi scrubber, Safety
water seal for over pressure, Gas & water
separator, Gas bag, Force fan
As per drawing & requirement under the
supervision of our engr.
A training program will be started at the end
of 2nd year so that farmers can understand this
innovative technology and also develop this
technology to promote agri-processing at
farm level.
Design and Fabrication of rice husk Gasifier

Development and
construction of
gas purification
system.

Envirable
energy systems
pvt ltd
Faisalabad

Development and casting of gasiefier

equipmentof tube well ,pipe work, furnace.

(phase 1)
Installation &
Interconnection
of whole system
Performance
evaluation of rice
sterling engine

University of
agriculture
faisalabad
University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad

As per drawing & requirement under the

supervision of our engr.
Data logger(minimum 6 channels),
Computers/Laptops(core i3 to run Matlab,
AutoCad and other latest softwares) and
Thermocouples(K type & T type ) will be
used to record data in order to evaluate the
performance of the rice husk sterling engine.

b) Schedule of activities in form of a chart: Attached at Annexure TT-D.

12. State if the project has been submitted to any other Funding agency for financial
support. If so, with what results?
N/A
13. No of projects being run by:
a) PI
Project title and
duration (from-to)
Skill Development in Reverse Engineering
at the Agricultural Machinery Pool

Status as
PI or Co-PI
PI

Budget
Million
6.30

PI

Funding
Agency
Endowment
Fund
Secretariat
MOST

Development of a boom sprayer for

environmentally application of insecticides
on cotton crop.
Development of Boom sprayer test bench.
Funded by Ministry of Science &
Technology, Islamabad

PI

MOST

0.70

Development of An Energy Efficient

Planting Machine for Wheat in Rice
growing Areas

PI

PARB

0.80

1.775

b) CO-PI
Project title and
duration (from-to)
1. Value Addition to Agricultural Products

Status as
PI or Co-PI
PI

Funding
Agency
ICDD

Budget
Million
Euros

by using Solar Energy

2. Ergonomics and Occupational health in
sugar industry of Pakistan
3. Design, development and modeling of a
Scheffler fixed focus solar concentrator for
the post-harvest processing of different
agricultural products
(Submitted Project)
4. Renewable energy
Pakistan

technologies

0.038

in

PI

ICDD

PI

ALP,
Islamabad

Rs
4.561

PI

German
Academic
Exchange
Service
(DAAD)

Euro
80,000

14. Budget Summary:

Sr. #
1
2
3

OBJECT
Operating
expenses
Capital Expenses
Admin
and
Audit/Accounts
Fee
Total

(Rs. millions)
Total
0.8050
4.0000
0.0161
4.8211

15. Certification:
It is certified that the above information is accurate and the proposal will be executed in
accordance with the agreement with UAF. That I will complete the proposed work plan and
the results/ outcomes of the project will be shared with UAF.
Co-Principal Investigator
Name: ______________________

Name: _____________________

______________________
(Seal and Signature)
Date: ______________________

_____________________
(Seal and Signature)
Date: _____________________

16. Endorsement
It is certified that this proposal has the concurrence and support of
Head of Institution/Organization

_______________________________________
(Seal and Signature)
Date: __________________________________
Director, ORIC

_______________________________________
(Seal and Signature)
Date: __________________________________

Annexure TT-C
BUDGET DETAILS OF THE PROJECT (Rs. millions)
Code
Object
Allocation
A030a Honorarium to PI
A030b Honorarium to Co-PI
A030 Honoraria
A031 TA/DA to Officers/Staff
0.050
A032a Postage & Telegram
A032b Telephone & Trunk Calls
A032c Running/Hiring Cost of Vehicles
0.050
A032d Transportation of Goods
A032 Communication
0.050
A033a Utilities
A033b Stationary
0.020
A033c Printing & Publication
0.040
Rent of Land/Machinery/Office
A033d
Building
A033e Consumable Stores
0.100
A033 Utilities/Office Support/Rent
0.160
A034a Office Building (Animal Sheds etc.)
A034b Equipment and Machinery
A034c Computer & Office Equipment
A034d Furniture & Fixture
A034e Vehicles
A034 Repair & Maintenance
000
A035a Consultancy Services
A035b Payment to Other Agencies
Contractual Services (skilled &
A035c
0.120
unskilled)
A035 Other Services
0.120
Seminar/workshop
0.100
Foreign Delegation/Collaborating
A036b
Scientist's visit
Delegation Abroad Preferably to the
A036c
Institute of Collaborating Scientist*
A036d Fellowship/Stipend
0.120
A036e Technology Transfer
0.100
Miscellaneous (not more than 1% of
A036f
operational cost)
A036 Other Expenses
0.320
SUB TOTAL (Operational Cost accept
Honorarium)
0.700
(Sum of A031 to A036)
Support to Host Institutes (Overhead
A037
0.105
charges) (15% of Sub Total above)
OPERATIONAL EXPENSES
A038
0.805
(Sum of A030 to A037)

Code
A039a
A039b
A039c
A039d
A039e
A039

A040

Head
A039a

Object
Equipment & Machinery
Computer & Office Equipment
Furniture & Fixture
Livestock etc.
Escalation coverage (not more than 5%
of capital expenses)
CAPITAL EXPENSES
TOTAL COST
(A038 + A039 )
Admin and Audit/Accounts Fee (2%
of Operational Expenses excluding
honoraria)
GRAND TOTAL
(Total cost + Audit/Accounts fee)

Item with Specifications phase 1

A & phase 2 B
Equipment and Machinery

Allocation
4.000

4.000
4.805
0.0161
4.8211

Quantity Amount (Rs)

Millions

Biomass Gasification for Diesel Engine

A.1.

Gasifier

1.350

2.

Diesel Engine

0.100

3.

Tube well

0.100

4.

Pipe work

0.200

Direct Combustion of Biomass using Stirling Engine

B.1

Stirling engine

1.750

Furnace

0.200

Tube well

0.100

Pipe work

0.200

Sub-total

4.000

GRAND TOTAL

4.000

(Please attach quotation for each item costing Rs. 0.100 million or more)

Annexure TT-D
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

Sr.
#

2
3

7
8

10

Year 1
Activities
Review, Site
Selection and
procurement
of material
Drawing
work of
Gasifier
Fabrication
work
Gasifier
System
integration
with diesel
engine
Performance
evaluation of
Gasifier
system
Development
and
fabrication
of Stirling
engine
System
integration
Performance
evaluation of
Stirling
engine
Maintenance
, monitoring,
testing and
data
acquisition
Research
and report
writing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1
0

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