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By Silver Moon
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The tar (tape archive) command is a frequently used command on linux that allows you to store les into
an archive.
The commonly seen le extensions are .tar.gz and .tar.bz2
which is a tar archive further compressed using gzip or
bzip algorithms respectively.
In this tutorial we shall take a look at simple examples of
using the tar command to do daily jobs of creating and
extracting archives on linux desktops or servers.
With tar there are 2 compression formats, gzip and bzip. The "z" option species gzip and "j" option
species bzip. It is also possible to create uncompressed archives.
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x - Extract les
v - verbose, print the le names as they are extracted one by one
z - The le is a "gzipped" le
f - Use the following tar archive for the operation
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However rst make sure that the destination directory exists, since tar is not going to create the directory
for you and will fail if it does not exist.
3. Extract a single le
To extract a single le out of an archive just add the le name after the command like this
$ tar -xz -f abc.tar.gz "./new/abc.txt"
More than once le can be specied in the above command like this
$ tar -xv -f abc.tar.gz "./new/cde.txt" "./new/abc.txt"
Pipe the output to grep to search a le or less command to browse the list. Using the "v" verbose option
shall print additional details about each le.
For tar.bz2/bzip les use the "j" option
Use the above command in combination with the grep command to search the archive. Simple!
$ tar -tvz -f abc.tar.gz | grep abc.txt
-rw-rw-r-- enlightened/enlightened 0 2015-01-13 11:40 ./new/abc.txt
The above example does not create a compressed archive. Just a plain archive, that puts multiple les
together without any real compression.
In order to compress, use the "z" or "j" option for gzip or bzip respectively.
$ tar -cvzf abc.tar.gz ./new/
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The extension of the le name does not really matter. "tar.gz" and tgz are common extensions for
les compressed with gzip. ".tar.bz2" and ".tbz" are commonly used extensions for bzip compressed
les.
Files cannot be added to compressed archives (gz or bzip). Files can only be added to plain tar
archives.
For bzip les use the bzip2 and bunzip2 commands respectively.
Run the above command via cron and it would keep creating backup les with names like 'archive-20150218.tar.gz'.
Ofcourse make sure that the disk space is not overown with larger and larger archives.
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./new/subdir/in.txt
./new/newfile.txt
./new/abc.txt
Verify ./new/
Verify ./new/cde.txt
Verify ./new/subdir/
Verify ./new/subdir/in.txt
Verify ./new/newfile.txt
Verify ./new/abc.txt
Note that the verication cannot be done on compressed archives. It works only with uncompressed tar
archives.
Thats all for now. For more check out the man page for tar command, with "man tar".
Last Updated On : 23rd February 2015
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