Phase Diagrams

A Description of phase diagrams.

See the presentations:
Phases
Daltons law
for some background information.

Phase Diagrams
In the discussion of Raoults
law, the vapor pressure of
water at 50EC was used.
From the CRC* handbook
gave this vapor pressure:
From this one can see that
the vapor pressure of water
at 50EC is:
142.60 torr
*Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, C. D. Hodgman, R. C. Weast and S. M. Shelby, eds.,
Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. Handbook, 40th ed. (1958) Cleveland, OH

Phase Diagrams
One could plot this data, temperature as the
abscissa and pressure as the ordinate:

Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
One could plot this data, temperature as the
abscissa and pressure as the ordinate:
This line
represents the
equilibrium:
H2O(l) H2O(g)
(l) / liquid
(g)/ gas
(s)/ solid
(aq) / aqueous

Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
One could plot this data, temperature as the
abscissa and pressure as the ordinate:
This line
represents the
equilibrium:
H2O(l) H2O(g)
and it is called the
liquid-gas phase
boundary
Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
There is another line on this diagram that could
be drawn.
This line
represents the
equilibrium:
H2O(s) H2O(l)
recall that:
(l) / liquid
(s)/ solid
Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
There is another line on this diagram that could
be drawn.
This line
represents the
equilibrium:
H2O(s) H2O(l)
and it is called the
solid-liquid phase
boundary
Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
At the low end of this diagram are another features.

Temperature /EC

Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
At the low end of this diagram are another features.

This line
represents the
equilibrium:
H2O(s) H2O(g)

Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
At the low end of this diagram are another features.

This line
represents the
equilibrium:
H2O(s) H2O(g)
and it is called the
solid-gas phase
boundary
Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
At the low end of this diagram are another features.

This intersection
represents the
3- way equilibria:
H2O(s) H2O(g)
H2O(l)
Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
At the low end of this diagram are another features.

This intersection
represents the
3- way equilibria:
H2O(s) H2O(g)
H2O(l)
it is called the
triple point

Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
At the high end of this diagram there is a point at
which the liquid and the gas density becomes the
same.
This point is called
the critical point

Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
At the high end of this diagram there is a point at
which the liquid and the gas density becomes the
same.
This point is called
the critical point.
Above this point
the fluid is referred
to as the supercritical fluid.
Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
Other compounds have similar phase diagrams.
Here is the phase diagram for CO2.

solid
liquid
gas
Temperature /EC

Phase Diagrams
Other compounds have similar phase diagrams.
Here is the phase diagram for CO2.

solid
liquid
gas
Temperature /EC
liquid-gas boundary CO2(s) CO2(g)

Phase Diagrams
Other compounds have similar phase diagrams.
Here is the phase diagram for CO2.

solid
liquid
gas

solid-gas boundary
CO2(s) CO2(g)

Temperature /EC
liquid-gas boundary CO2(s) CO2(g)

Phase Diagrams
Other compounds have similar phase diagrams.
Here is the phase diagram for CO2.
liquid-solid boundary
CO2(s) CO2(l)

solid
liquid
gas

solid-gas boundary
CO2(s) CO2(g)

Temperature /EC
liquid-gas boundary CO2(s) CO2(g)

Phase Diagrams
Other compounds have similar phase diagrams.
Here is the phase diagram for CO2.
liquid-solid boundary
CO2(s) CO2(l)

triple point
CO2(s) CO2(l) CO2(g)

solid
liquid
gas

solid-gas boundary
CO2(s) CO2(g)

Temperature /EC
liquid-gas boundary CO2(s) CO2(g)

Phase Diagrams
Other compounds have similar phase diagrams.
Here is the phase diagram for CO2.
liquid-solid boundary
CO2(s) CO2(l)

triple point
CO2(s) CO2(l) CO2(g)

critical point

solid
liquid
gas

solid-gas boundary
CO2(s) CO2(g)

Temperature /EC
liquid-gas boundary CO2(s) CO2(g)

Phase Diagrams
Other compounds have similar phase diagrams.
Here is the phase diagram for CO2.
supercritical fluid
liquid-solid boundary
CO2(s) CO2(l)

triple point
CO2(s) CO2(l) CO2(g)

critical point

solid
liquid
gas

solid-gas boundary
CO2(s) CO2(g)

Temperature /EC
liquid-gas boundary CO2(s) CO2(g)

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase
gas phase

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase
gas phase
solid-liquid phase boundary ( solid liquid )

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase
gas phase
solid-liquid phase boundary ( solid liquid )
solid-gas phase boundary ( solid gas )

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase
gas phase
solid-liquid phase boundary ( solid liquid )
solid-gas phase boundary ( solid gas )
liquid-gas phase boundary ( liquid gas )

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase
gas phase
solid-liquid phase boundary ( solid liquid )
solid-gas phase boundary ( solid gas )
liquid-gas phase boundary ( liquid gas )
triple point ( solid liquid gas )

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase
gas phase
solid-liquid phase boundary ( solid liquid )
solid-gas phase boundary ( solid gas )
liquid-gas phase boundary ( liquid gas )
triple point ( solid liquid gas )
critical point

Phase Diagrams
Summary - All metals and molecular solids which
do not decompose and many ionic solids have
similar phase diagrams with the following features:
solid phase
liquid phase
gas phase
solid-liquid phase boundary ( solid liquid )
solid-gas phase boundary ( solid gas )
liquid-gas phase boundary ( liquid gas )
triple point ( solid liquid gas )
critical point
supercritical fluid

The End of Phase Diagrams