STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC

(SCE)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES
UTHM
I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not to receive or
give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything mentioned in the report
is true.

___________________________
Student Signature

Name

Matric No.

Date

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

REPORT
SUBJECT CODE
TEST CODE & TITLE

MMB 02 / FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI METER

COURSE CODE
TESTING DATE
STUDENT NAME
GROUP
1.
2.
GROUP MEMBER NAMES

3.
4.
5.

LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR/
TUTOR NAME
REPORT RECEIVED DATE
MARKS
* please refer laboratory rubric
attached

EXAMINER COMMENT

RECEIVED STAMP

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI
METER

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

1/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10

1.0 OBJECTIVE
TO CALCULATE THE FLOWRATE THROUGH PIPE USING VENTURI METER.
2.0 LEANING OUTCOME

Figure 1: Venturi Meter Apparatus.

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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:

2/11
1
03

EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI

METER

EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

1/7/10
1/7/10

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME :

At the end of this experiment, students are able to:
To evaluate the frictional resistance to flow along a venture meter.

To identify the velocity, the fall in pressure and the magnitude of the flowrate in venturi meter.
To calculate the ideal distribution and the losses occur in the systems.

3.0 THEORY OF THE VENTURI METER

Consider flow of an incompressible, inviscid fluid through the convergent divergent Venturi tube shown in
figure 2. The cross sectional area at the upstream section 1 is a1, at the throat section 2 is a2 and at any other
arbitrary section n is an. Piezometer tubes at these sections register h1, h2 and hn above the arbitrary datum
shown. Note that, although the tube may have any inclination, the datum must by necessity, be horizontal.
Assume that both the velocity and the piezometric head are constant over each of the sections considered.

FIGURE 2 : IDEAL CONDITIONS IN A VENTURI METER

We may treat the convergent divergent pipe as a stream tube, along which Bernoullis theorem
2

v n2
v12
v2
h1
h2
hn
2g
2g
2g

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI
METER

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

3/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10

(1)
In which v1, v2 and vn are the flow velocities at sections 1,2 and n.
The equation of continuity is:
Q

= a1 v1 = a2 v2 = an vn

(2)

In which Q denotes the rate of volume flow or discharge. Substituting in Equation ( 1 ) for v 1 from
equation ( 2 ), gives:

a2

a
1

2
v
v2
h1 2 h2
2g
2g

And solving this for the velocity v2 in the throat leads to: ,

v2

2 g h1 h2
a
1 2
a1

The rate of flow Q is found by multiplying the throat velocity v 2 by the cross sectional area A2 at the throat,
giving :

Q a2

2 g (h1 h2 )
a
1 2
a1

(3)

This is the ideal discharge rate, obtained by assuming in viscid, one-dimensional flow. In practice, there
is some loss of head between sections 1 and 2. Also, the velocity is not absolutely constant across either
if these sections. As a result, the actual value of Q fall a little short of those given by equation (3). It is
customary to allow for this by writing,

Q C d .a 2

2 g (h1 h2 )
a
1 2
a1

(4)

In which Cd is known as the discharge coefficient or simply the coefficient of the Venturi Meter.

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI
METER

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

4/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10

4.0 EQUIPMENT
1.Hydraulic Bench
2.Venturi Meter

3.Stop Watch

Dimension of venturi meter shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 : Dimension of Venturi Meter and Locations of Piezometer Tube

i. Cross Section Area at A, a1 530.9mm 2

ii. Cross Section Area at D, a2 201.1mm 2

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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:

5/11
1
03
1/7/10

AMMENDMENT DATE:

1/7/10

EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI

METER

5.0 PROCEDURE

1. Make sure the venturi meter is joint with hydraulic bench and supply hose.
2. Prepare the apparatus and make sure to clear air pockets from the supply hose. The control valve is
then gradually closed, so subjecting the Venturi tube to a gradually increasing pressure, which
causes water to rise up the tubes of the manometer, thereby compressing the air contained in the
manifold.
3. When the water levels have risen to a convenient height, the bench valve is also closed gradually,
and the water level in the manometer tubes stand at a convenient height.
4. The adjusting screws are then operated to give identical readings for all of these tubes across the
whole width of the manometer board.

5. Measure the different between heads (h2 h1) and flow rates Q. The first reading should be taken
with the maximum possible value of (h2 h1). This condition is obtained by gradually opening both the
bench valve ant the control valve in turn.

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI
METER

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

6/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10

6. The rate of flow is found by timing the collection of a known amount and the weighing tank, in the
meantime values of h1 and h2 being read from the manometer scale.
( V = ..liter
s = ..)
*Repeat 3 times step 5 and 6.

7.
8.

The volume and time collection by close the bench hole in hydraulic bench.
Close the inlet and outlet valve and switch off the switch.

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EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI METER

7/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10

6.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

1. Write down the value in table 1.
Table 1
No of
Trial
=
piezometer
Volume Rate = l
tube
Time
= s
Flowrate
= m3/s
Velocity V
=
hn (mm)
hn-h1

A (1)
B
C
D(2)
E
F
G
H
J
K
L

hn h1
v 22 / 2 g

Trial
=
Volume Rate = l
Time
= s
Flowrate
= m3/s
Velocity V
=
hn (mm)
hn-h1

hn h1
v 22 / 2 g

Trial
=
Volume Rate = l
Time
= s
Flowrate
= m3/s
Velocity V
=
hn (mm)
hn-h1

hn h1
v 22 / 2 g

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI
METER
2.

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

8/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10

Fill in the table 2 according to the result from table 1.

Table 2
Trial

Q (m3/s)

h1 (mm)

h2 (mm)

(h1-h2) (m)

(h1-h2)1/2 (m)

3.

From table 2, plot graph for flowrate, Q versus (h 1-h2)1/2 and find the slope of graph, m.

4.

From the value, calculate the flowrate Qtheory in table 3.

Table 3
Trial

Flowrate Coefficient, Cd

Flowrate, Qteori

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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:

9/11
1
03
1/7/10

AMMENDMENT DATE:

1/7/10

EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI

METER

7.0 QUESTIONS
1. Show the calculation of the Cd Value and Q theory
2. Compare the value of Qexp with Q theory and discuss the result.
3. Make a conclusion from this experiment.
4. Question by lecturer

5. Question by lecturer

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI
METER
8.0 Answers

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

10/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: FLOW THROUGH A VENTURI
METER

PAGE:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMMENDMENT DATE:

11/11
1
03
1/7/10
1/7/10