High head small hydro turbine selection program

Enter data in blue cells only, project name in A3.

Virginia Falls
Total powerplant flow, (max = 20) m3/s.
=
Desired number of units in powerplant.
=
Normal forebay elevation for head rating, EL. (m). =
Total conduit losses at rated flow, m.
=
Normal minimum tailwater elevation, m
=
Maximum flood tailwater elevation, m
=
System frequency, Hz.
=
Generator power factor. (Range 0.9 to 1.0)
=

8.00
3
550.00
15.00
278.80
283.50
50
0.95

Comment
Comment
Comment
Comment
Comment
Comment

Total W/W
Total generator
Cost $ US m.
capacity, MW
Comment
Comment
Horizontal axis, 2 jet, 1 runner impulse turbine
4.374
16.994
Combination of capacity, head and flow is suitable for this type of turbine.
Horizontal axis, 1 jet, 1 turgo runner impulse turbine
3.288
15.913
Combination of capacity, head and flow is suitable for this type of turbine.
Horizontal axis Francis turbine
2.706
17.801
Combination of capacity, head and flow is suitable for this type of turbine.
Turbine axis, jet and runner configuration.

SMTS/2002/2
Print pages 1, 2.

Peak turbine
efficiency
Comment
0.905
0.852
0.921

Horizontal axis, 2 jet, 1 runner Pelton impulse turbine

Calculated synchronous rotational speed ( rpm ) =
Calculated outside runner diameter ( m )
=
Calculated minimum shaft centerline elevation, m =
Calculated peak efficiency, all jets operating
=
Calculated turbine full load output ( MW )
=
Calculated water to wire cost excluding subs.
=

428.6
1.844
285.34
0.905
5.860
4.374

Rated head, m.=

Jet diam (m) =

249.00
0.158

Peak eff. Q/jet=

Generator MW =
Million $ US.

1.000
5.665
Comment

Horizontal axis, 1 jet, 1 turgo runner impulse turbine

Calculated synchronous rotational speed ( rpm ) =
Calculated outside runner diameter ( m )
=
Calculated minimum shaft centerline elevation, m =
Calculated peak efficiency, all jets operating
=
Calculated turbine full load output ( MW )
=
Calculated water to wire cost, excluding subs.
=

750.0
1.502
285.00
0.852
5.490
3.288

Rated head, m.=

Jet diam (m) =

249.00
0.224

Peak eff. Q/jet=

Generator MW =
Million $ US.

1.760
5.304
Comment

Horizontal axis Francis turbine

Calculated runner submergence "S" meters
=
Calculated number of runner blades
=
Calculated runner throat diameter, ( d ) meters.
=
Calculated peak efficiency. ( % )
=
Calculated distributor or shaft CL. elevation, meters =

Comment
-2.50
15
0.615
92.12
281.15

Comment
Rated head, m.=
256.20
Speed, rpm. =
1000.0
Peak eff. Q =
2.510
Comment
Horizontal shaft

Calc. turbine output at rated head & flow ( MW ) =

Estimated water to wire cost, excluding subst.
=

0.9200

6.135 Generator MW=

2.706 Million $ US.

5.934
Comment
Page 1.

Horizontal axis, 1 runner 2 - jet Pelton turbine efficiency - power

Efficiency

0.9100

0.9000

0.8900

0.8800
0.000

1 jet

2 jet
0.200

Power ratio 0.600

0.400

0.800

1.000

0.800

1.000

Horizontal axis, 1 - jet turgo efficiency - power

Efficiency

0.8700

0.8500

0.8300

0.8100
0.000

96.0

0.200

Power ratio 0.600

0.400

Francis turbine efficiency versus power

Efficiency %.

92.0

88.0

84.0

80.0
40.000

power ratio
to rated power
50.000 Turbine
60.000
70.000
80.000%

90.000

100.000

Efficienc

88.0

84.0

80.0
40.000

power ratio
to rated power
50.000 Turbine
60.000
70.000
80.000%

90.000

100.000

Page 2

Efficiency comparison

1.0000

Efficiency

0.8000

Pelton 1 jet.
Pelton 2 jet.
Turgo
Francis

0.6000

0.4000
0.200

Flow ratio
0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0.900

1.000

Efficiency Calc.pow. Calc. Pow.

in MW
ratio.
0.8959
0.9
0.149
0.9002
1.1
0.188
0.9030
1.3
0.226
0.9058
1.7
0.283
0.9077
2.0
0.341
0.9087
2.2
0.379
0.9078
2.4
0.416
0.9062
2.7
0.453
0.9042
2.9
0.490
0.9018
3.1
0.526
0.8990
3.3
0.562
0.8987
0.9016
0.9028
0.9036
0.9043
0.9048

1.8
2.4
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.2

0.300
0.413
0.489
0.565
0.641
0.717

Calc. Flow
ratio
0.150
0.188
0.225
0.281
0.338
0.375
0.413
0.450
0.488
0.525
0.563
0.000
0.300
0.413
0.488
0.563
0.638
0.713

0.9050
0.9042
0.9026
0.8998

4.4
4.9
5.3
5.9

0.755
0.829
0.903
1.000

0.750
0.825
0.900
1.000

Efficiency Calc.pow. Calc. Pow.

in MW
ratio.
0.7593
0.7
0.119
0.7981
1.0
0.187
0.8174
1.4
0.256
0.8290
1.8
0.325
0.8368
2.2
0.393
0.8423
2.5
0.462
0.8465
2.9
0.530
0.8497
3.3
0.599
0.8523
3.7
0.667
0.8515
4.0
0.733
0.8500
4.4
0.799
0.8481
4.7
0.863
0.8458
5.1
0.927

Calc. Flow
ratio
0.132
0.198
0.264
0.330
0.396
0.462
0.528
0.594
0.660
0.726
0.792
0.858
0.924

0.8432
0.8428

5.4
5.5

0.990
1.000

0.990
1.000

Flow
Ratio
1.031
1.000
0.975
0.950
0.925
0.900
0.875
0.850
0.825
0.800
0.750
0.700
0.650
0.600
0.550
0.500
0.450
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.024

Turbine
Calculated
power
efficiency
ratio at
as a
rated head fraction.
and flow
102.519
0.910
100.000
0.915
97.846
0.919
95.562
0.921
93.081
0.921
90.563
0.921
88.039
0.921
85.504
0.921
82.951
0.920
80.374
0.920
75.130
0.917
69.730
0.912
64.148
0.903
58.370
0.891
52.400
0.872
46.263
0.847
40.007
0.814
33.703
0.771
21.385
0.653
10.459
0.479
0.000
0.000

Calc. Eff.
91.0
91.5
91.9
92.1
92.1
92.1
92.1
92.1
92.0
92.0
91.7
91.2
90.3
89.1
87.2
84.7
81.4
77.1
65.3
47.9
0.0