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RFI Response
On behalf of Situ-Sera Engineering, we would like to apologize for the errors found in our previous
submission. We have ensured that every noted error was fixed. Should any other errors be found, the
engineers at Situ-Sera Engineering will guarantee a timely and accurate response.
The following changes have been made:
Section 2 Dimensions & Section Properties,
Dimensions of the slab cross section were updated
Section 4 Structural Analysis
The plots were made clearer
Section 5 Slab/Deck Design
The final design is highlighted
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Design of Reinforced Concrete
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. References .
2. Dimensions & Section Properties .....
a. Slab (Deck)...
b. Girder...
c. Column & Pile......
3. Design Loads.....
a. Slab (Deck)...
i.
Dead Load...
ii.
Superimposed Dead Load....
iii.
Live Load.
b. Girder ..
i.
Dead Load...
ii.
Superimposed Dead Load...
iii.
Live Load....
4. Structural Analysis ......
a. Slab (Deck)..
i.
Model..
ii.
Load Combinations....
iii.
Bending Moment Diagrams of Load Combinations...
iv.
Shear Force Diagrams of Load Combinations
v.
Design Envelopes...
b. Girder ....
i.
Model..
ii.
Load Combinations.
iii.
Bending Moment Diagrams of Load Combinations...
iv.
Shear Force Diagrams of Load Combinations...
v.
Design Envelopes...
5. Slab/Deck Design.....
a. Flexure Design of Critical Sections....
b. Design for shear .....
6. Girder Design...
a. Flexure Design of Critical Section..
i.
Rough Design.
ii.
Positive Moment (Bottom reinforcement)..................................
iii.
Negative Moment (Top reinforcement)......................................
iv.
Bar Spacing.....
v.
Effective Section Properties....
vi.
Design Strength Mn- and Mn+...............................................
b. Design of Shear Reinforcement ......
7. Development of Longitudinal Reinforcement......................................................
a. Slab Reinforcement..................................................................................
i.
Longitudinal Bar Development...................................................
5
5
5
6
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
12
13
13
14
14
14
17
19
20
22
22
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
27
28
28
31
31
31
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8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
ii.
Shrinkage and Temperature.........................................................
iii.
Cross Section Sketches................................................................
b. Girder Reinforcement...............................................................................
i.
Longitudinal Bar Development...................................................
ii.
Cross Section Sketches.................................................................
Column Design.......................................................................................................
a. Interaction diagrams..................................................................................
b. Pu and Mu combinations............................................................................
c. Design for Shear.......................................................................................
d. Longitudinal Bar Development.................................................................
Extra Credit: Pile Design
Drawings................................................................................................................
Appendix........
Work Hours Recorded Chart..........
31
32
32
33
34
35
35
36
36
38
39
43
45
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Sec. 1. References
The proposed design is a continuous two-span pedestrian bridge to be built in Sycamore Canyon located
in East San Diego County. The purpose of this bridge is to allow safe passage for pedestrians across the 5
lane low-volume roadway that is set in a small valley.
The bridge is composed of two continuous identical 46 ft long double T girders that are supported on two
neoprene bearings at each abutment and by a moment resisting bent-cap at midspan. The bent cap is
supported by an inclined column as determined by the state landscape architect for aesthetic reasons. The
depth of the slab(Deck) is 8 in and the depth of the girder is 36 in in accordance to ACI 318-11 Table
9.5(a). The column has a diameter of 4 ft.
The concrete used has a compressive strength of 4.0ksi. The grade of the steel reinforcement is ASCE
A706 Grade 60, fy=60 ksi.
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96
512
128
2. b Girder
The girder is simplified into 4 sections of lengths 2ft, 46 ft, 46 ft, and 2ft with supports 2 feet from the
end of each span and an inclined column at midspan.The simplified model is shown in Figure 6.
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Using the simplified model, the girder depth can be determined based on ACI 318-11 Table 9.5(a). The
2ft span is too short to be considered to provide continuity therefore the 552 inches span is treated as one
end continuous. In general, a section is considered continuous if its length exceeds 1/4th of the main
length. Based on Table 9.5(a), the minimum thickness h for one end continuous solid one-way slab is
determined by Equation 2:
h=L/18.5=552/18.5=29.8 Equation 2.
To simplify manufacturing, the depth of the girder is determined to be 36. The dimensions of the cross
section of the double T girder are shown in Figure 7.
2.358*103
25.197
2.474*105
2.29*104
9.817*103
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2.895*104
2.606*105
6.514*104
1.319*106
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ii.Load Combinations
The load cases are unfactored loads. The load cases for the slab/deck are:
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Figure 19.1
Figure 19.2
Figure 19.3
Figure 19.4
Figure 19.5
Figure 19.6
Four load combinations are created based on factored loads in ACI 318-11 Section 9.2 using the load
cases. These combinations are:
Combo 1: 1.4 x (Case 1+Case 2+Case 3)
Combo 2: 1.2 x (Case 1+Case 2+Case 3)+1.6 x (Case 4)
Combo 3: 1.2 x (Case 1+Case 2+Case 3)+1.6 x (Case 5)
Combo 4: 1.2 x (Case 1+Case 2+Case 3)+1.6 x (Case 6)
Figure 19 below shows the load cases.
Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
Case 4:
Case 5:
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Case 6:
Figure 19. Different Load Cases (Point Load in lb and Distributed in lb/ft)
iii. Bending Moment Diagrams of Load Combinations
The bending moment diagrams corresponding to the defined load combinations are shown in Figure 20.
Combo 1:
Combo 2:
Combo 3:
Combo 4:
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Combo 2:
Combo 3:
Combo 4:
2. Shear Envelope:
Figure 22. Design Envelopes for Slab/Deck (1.Kip-in for moments)(2.Kip for shear forces)
4. b. Girder
Figure 23 below shows the simplified model below used for the SAP analysis.
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14
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Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
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Case 4:
Case 5:
Case 6:
Figure 24. Different Load Cases (Point Load in lb and Distributed in lb/ft)
iii. Bending Moment Diagrams of Load Combinations
The bending moment diagrams corresponding to the defined load combinations are shown in Figure 25.
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Combo 1:
Combo 2:
17
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Combo 3:
Combo 4:
18
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Combo 2:
19
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Combo 3:
Combo 4:
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1. Moment Envelope
2. Shear Envelope
Figure 27. Design Envelopes for Girder (1.Kip-ft for moments)(2.Kip for shear forces)
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5. Slab/Deck Design
a. Flexural Design of Critical Sections
In the deck design, the goal is to ensure that the reinforced concrete has a ductile tension-controlled
failure mode. This can be achieved by ensuring c/dt 0.375 and ensuring that a sufficient amount of
tensile reinforcement is present in the section to absorb the cracking moment. The other goal of the
flexural design is to provide enough concrete cover for the section. A rough design for a single layer of
tensile reinforcement for the positive bending moment and a single reinforcement layer for the negative
bending moment is shown in Figure 28 below.
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To ensure there is enough tensile reinforcement to resist the cracking moment, the minimum
reinforcement area is defined by Equation 9 based on ACI 318-11 Section 10.5.
make sure:
Based on ACI 318-11. Section 7.7.1 (b), the concrete cover for #5 bars and smaller is 1 to 1.5.
Table 5 below shows five analyzed reinforcement sections to check if they meet the design requirements.
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Check:
Bar. No
Diameter(in)
0.625
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Ab(in^2)
0.31
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
dt(in)
6.2
6.25
6.25
6.25
6.25
12
No. bars/ft
As(in^2)
0.62
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.00833
0.00267
0.00533
0.008
0.0107
Mn(kip-ft)
16.0261
5.49265
10.7206
15.6838
20.3824
max
0.01808
0.01808
0.01808
0.01808
0.0181
1.2Mcr(Kip-ft)
5.69803
5.79030
5.7903
5.7903
5.7903
Mn1.2Mcr
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
max
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
From Section 4, the maximum negative moment of the deck is -5.09 kip-ft and the maximum positive
moment is 0.484 kip-ft. While top reinforcement corresponds to negative moment, bottom reinforcement
corresponds to positive moment. The optimum design should satisfy the two criteria:
For negative bending, the reinforcement should meet the cracking moment requirement, and thus has the
same design as the reinforcement design for positive moment. Therefore, the finalized design is #4 @ 6
O.C. for both the upper and bottom deck reinforcements.
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6. Girder Design
The design of the girder can be split into two parts. The first part is from the left rubber bearing support to
the face of the bent cap (A-B). The second part is from the face of the bent cap to the face of the right
rubber bearing (B-C). For simplicity and conservatism, the design of both sections can be taken as the
larger value of the two negative and positive ultimate moments. From the previous section, the larger
value of positive moment is located in the right span: +Mu=1040 kip-ft and the larger value of negative
moment is -Mu= -1310 kip-ft. Our design goal is to achieve a tension controlled failure mode and the
design moment capacity must be greater than 1.2 times of the cracking moment.
a. Flexure Design of Critical Section
i. Rough Design
The rough flexural design for the girder needs to verify MnMu. The area of steel needed is
, where j is 0.9, Mu is the ultimate moment, d is the distance from the extreme fiber in
compression to the centroid of the tensile reinforcement, and fy is the yield stress of the steel.
ii. Positive Moment (Bottom reinforcement)
The calculated demand value for As is 8.025 in2 for the positive moment. We will be using 6 #11 rebars
total in the double T section, which have a total steel cross-sectional area of 9.36 in2. Details of the
calculation can be found in Figure 32 in the Appendix.
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iv Bar Spacing
The bar spacings must meet the requirement of ACI 318-11 in section 7.6. Based on this section, the
minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be the diameter of the rebars used, but not
less than 1 in. Thus for the design clear spacing, we use 1.5 for the #11 rebars and #9 rebars, and 0.5
for #4 rebars. Figure 33 below shows the spacing layout for the positive moment reinforcement, while
Figure 34 shows the spacing layout for the negative moment reinforcement. The calculations are shown in
Figure 35 in the Appendix.
Figure 33. Rebar spacing layout for Positive Reinforcement (unit in inches)
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Figure 34. Rebar spacing layout for Negative Reinforcement (unit in inches)
v. Effective Section Properties
Based on section 8.12 in ACI 318-11 the width of slab effective as a T-beam flange should not exceed
of the span length of the beam, and the effective overhanging flange width on each side of the web should
be min(8* slab thickness, clear distance to the next web). The effective section properties of the
double-T girder are listed in Table 6 below; the meaning of the variables are shown in Figure 36. Details
of the calculation are shown in Figure 37 in the Appendix.
Table 6. Effective section properties of girder
a1(in)
64
a2(in)
13
bf(in)
93
I(in4)
2.477*105
Stop(in3)
2.301*104
Sbottom(in3)
9.815*103
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Type III.
When 3*VcVu>Vc, it is recognized as moderate shear zone. According to 11.1 and 11.2 of ACI 31811: Vs=(Vu -Vc)/. The stirrup spacing can be found
.Similar to Type II, the spacing should
be less than d/2 and 24 in (11.4.5.1 of ACI 318-11).
Type IV.
When 3Vc<Vu5Vc, it is identified as the high shear zone, in which Vs=2Vc. ACI places tighter
restrictions on the spacing of the shear reinforcement based on section 11.4.5.3: s cannot be greater than
d/4 and 12 in.
Type V.
When Vu>5Vc, it is identified as likely shear failure zone caused by crushing the concrete carrying
shear, and this is not permitted by ACI. Therefore, the maximum permitted value for Vs is 4*Vc by ACI
318-11.
The two spans are designed identically to have the capacity to support the most critical shear values.
The shear design plot is shown in Figure 42 below from the face of the rubber bearing support to the face
of bent cap at mid-span. Figure 39 to 41 in the Appendix show the required spacing for different types of
shear design.
Figure 42. Shear Design Plot for Left Hand Span (critical section)
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Design of Reinforced Concrete
Zone 1 (0 to 2 ft)
The required shear reinforcement for Zone 1 is of Type I. There is no shear requirement required for this
zone, but the minimum shear reinforcement to be used is 4 #4 @ 16 O.C. to match Zone 3 and 5.
Zone 2 (2 to 4 ft)
The required shear reinforcement for Zone 2 is of Type III.The reinforcement that will be used in this
zone is 4 #4 @ 5 O.C..
Zone 3 (4 to 13 ft)
The required shear reinforcement for Zone 3 is of Type II. The reinforcement is used as 4 #4 @ 16 C.C..
Zone 4 (13 to 27 ft)
The required shear reinforcement for Zone 4 is of Type I. There is no shear requirement required for this
zone, but the minimum shear reinforcement to be used is 4 #4 @ 16 O.C. to match Zone 3 and 5.
Zone 5 (27 to 35 ft)
The required shear reinforcement for Zone 5 is of Type II. The reinforcement that will be used in this
zone is 4#4 @ 16 O.C..
Zone 6 (35 to 45.3 ft)
The required shear reinforcement for Zone 6 is of Type III.The reinforcement that will be used in this
zone is 4 #4 @ 5 O.C..
We use the shear design from the left span and mirror it to the right hand span. The final shear
reinforcement design for the girder is shown as follows:
0 to 2 ft
2 to 4 ft
4 to 35 ft
35 to 45.3 ft
45.3 to 50.7 ft
50.7 to 61 ft
61 to 92 ft
92 to 94 ft
94 to 96 ft
Below is a figure showing all of the flexural and shear reinforcement in the Girder
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Figure 45. Slab Reinforcement for Temperature & Shrinkage and Flexure (unites in inches)
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section 12.12.3 and 12.10.5 were used to determine these lengths. Details on the calculation can be found
in the Appendix Figure 50 and 52
For the negative reinforcement, the A bars were chosen to continue through the length of the bridge.
The A bars consist of 6#11 bars totaling to an area of 9.36 in2 The minimum length of Bars A are 19
ft measured from the center of the bent cap. Although the bars A are not required for flexural stability
of the bar, the reinforcement continues throughout the length for the bridge in order for the installment of
shear reinforcement. ACI section 12.12.3 and 12.10.5 were used to determine these lengths. Details on the
calculation can be found in the Appendix Figure 51 and 53.
For the positive reinforcement, Bars B were chosen to be cut off. Bars B consist of 2#11 bars totaling
to an area of 3.12 in2. The B bars were determined to be 10 ft measured from the center of maximum
moment which is located 18 ft measured from the simple support. ACI section 12.11.1 and 12.10.5 were
used to determine these lengths. Details on the calculation can be found in the Appendix Figure 56 and
57.
For the positive reinforcement, the A bars were chosen to continue through the length of the bridge.
The A bars consist of 4#11 bars totaling to an area of 6.24 in2. The reinforcement continues throughout
the length for the bridge in order for the installment of shear reinforcement. The ACI section 12.12.3 and
12.10.5 were used to determine these lengths. Details on the calculation can be found in the Appendix
Figure 55.
The positive reinforcement hook near the rubber bearing has a clear distance of 12.25 in which is larger
than .5db=7.05 in. Details on the location of the hook can be found in Figure 57 in Section 9: Drawings
Figure 58. Zones within the longitudinal girder flexural reinforcement (Not to scale)
Zone 1 has 6#11 bars and 4#9 bars at the top and 4#11 bars on the bottom
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Zone 1 has 6#11 bars at the top and 4#11 bars on the bottom
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8. Column Design
a. Interaction Diagram
The interaction diagram shown in Figure 63 was formed using a Matlab code applying the concept of
fiber discretization to reinforced concrete columns. This code can be found in the Appendix. The diameter
of the column was previously defined to be 4 while the reinforcement was assumed to be composed of
12 bars. With the interaction diagram, the reinforcement ratio of the column was determined as well as
the required diameter of each bars, The value of Pn is capped at:
to prevent brittle failure due to concrete crushing.
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b. Pu, Mu Combinations
The load combinations can be found in Section 4 of the structural analysis section, Table 7 below shows
the Pu,Mu combinations from SAP analysis.
Table 7: Pu Mu Combinations
Load Combination
Location
Mu(kip-ft)
Pu(kip)
Combo 1
Top
525
584
Bot
1201
584
Top
620
621
Bot
1347
621
Top
671
561
Bot
1054
561
Top
400
560
Bot
1323
560
Combo 2
Combo 3
Combo 4
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Thus, a transverse bar spacing 27 inches will be specified for the remainder of the column. However, for
the ease of construction and be conservative, the company uses a spacing of 14 inches. Table 8
summarizes the spacing of shear reinforcement of the column design. Figure 65 shows the detailing of the
transverse reinforcement.
Table 8. transverse spacing of column design
Plastic Hinge Length
48
#4 @ 4 O.C.
#4 @ 14 O. C.
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Design of Reinforced Concrete
is defined as 1.0 based on 12.2.4 (d), db is 1.69 inches for #14. ldc is therefore determined as 33
inches. The company decides to have the longitudinal development length of the column to be 33
inches for the portions of both bent cap and pile for the ease of construction. Even though the
development length is longer than the depth of the bent cap, we can leave the longitudinal bars to
extend outside of the bent cap for connection purpose. Figure 66 shows the detailing for the bent
cap, while Figure 67 shows the detailing for the reinforcements in the pile.
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Figure 68 shows the spreadsheet used to generate the SAP model, while Figure 69 shows the generated
model of the pile using SAP 2000.
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Applying the axial forces and moments in the top joint with the demand values from section 4, we can
obtain the demand loads and moments with SAP 2000. We have also included the self-weight of the
concrete pile in the applied axial loads. Table 9 shows the Pu, Mu combinations for the pile design. The
calculation of the self weight of the pile is shown in Figure 70 in the Appendix.
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Load combo
Mu (kip-ft)
966
1201
1003
1347
943
1054
942
1323
Combo 1:
Combo 2:
Combo 3:
Combo 4:
The company then calculate the required ratio using the normalized P-M diagram of the column section,
and normalize the demand load and moment of the pile with the section of pile:
Pu/(Agfc)
Mu/(AgfcD)
Figure 71 shows the generated P-M interaction diagram, the matlab codes used to generate this plot can
be found in the Appendix.
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10. Drawing
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11. Appendix:
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Figure 32. Rough Design Calculations to meet minimum steel area requirement
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Figure 38. Cracking moment calculations for positive and negative bending
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%step 1
%width
b=zeros(1,360);
i=1:1:360; %number of horizontal fibers
b(1,1:round(8/h*360))=93;
b(1,round(8/h*360)+1:360)=16; %variable
t=h/length(i); %thickness
%step 2
y_c(i)=(i-1/2)*t;
a_c(i)=b(i).*t;
%step 3
B=.85 - (f_c - 4) * .05;
if B>=.65
B=B;
else
B=.65;
end
%step 4
n=0;
error(n+1)=1;
error(n+2)=1;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
while (sign(error(n+1))==sign(error(n+2)))
n=n+1;
a=n*t;
%step 5
c=a/B;
%step 6 stress and force in reinforcement
n_r=1; % # of layers of reinforcement %variable
E=29000; %ksi
E_y=f_y/E;
E_cu=-.003;
phi=-E_cu / c;
y_s=zeros(1,n_r);
y_s(1,1:n_r)=[33.3];
%variable
d_t=y_s(1);
A_s=zeros(1,n_r);
A_s(1,1:n_r)=[1.56*3]; %variable
for i=1:n_r
E_s(i) = phi * (y_s(i) - c);
f_s(i) = sign(E_s(i))*min(abs(E_s(i)*E), f_y); %stress in layer i
F_s(i) = A_s(i) * f_s(i);
%force in layer i
end
%step 7
for i=1:1:360
if i<=n
F_c(i) = -.85 * f_c * a_c(i);
else
F_c(i) = 0;
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end
end
%step 8
error(n+2) = sum(F_s) + sum(F_c);
if sign(error(n+1))==-sign(error(n+2)) & (abs(error(n+1)) < abs(error(n+2)))
n=n-1;
a=n*t;
%step 5
c=a/B;
%step 6 stress and force in reinforcement
phi=-E_cu / c;
for i=1:n_r
E_s(i) = phi * (y_s(i) - c);
f_s(i) = sign(E_s(i))*min(abs(E_s(i)*E), f_y); %stress in layer i
F_s(i) = A_s(i) * f_s(i);
%force in layer i
end
%step 7
for i=1:1:360
if i<=n
F_c(i) = -.85 * f_c * a_c(i);
else
F_c(i) = 0;
end
end
break
end
end
%step 11
M_n=-1*(sum(F_c.*y_c)+sum(F_s.*y_s))/12; %kip-ft
%step 12
k=c/d_t;
if k<=.375
disp('Failure: tension-controlled failure')
phi_2=.9;
elseif k>=.6
disp('Failure: compression controlled failure')
phi_2=.65;
else
disp('Failure: transition')
phi_2=.65 + .25 * ((1/ k)-5/3);
end
disp('Beta_1 ='), disp(B)
disp('Nominal Moment Strnegth, M_n (kip-ft) ='), disp(M_n)
disp('curvature * h (radians) ='), disp(phi * h)
disp('c/d_t ='), disp(k)
disp('E_s1/E_y^2 ='), disp(E_s(1)/E_y)
disp('Phi Factor ='), disp(phi_2)
disp('Phi*M_n (kip-ft)= '), disp(phi_2 * M_n)
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end
disp('Beta_1 ='), disp(B)
disp('Nominal Moment Strnegth, M_n (kip-ft) ='), disp(M_n)
disp('curvature * h (radians) ='), disp(phi * h)
disp('c/d_t ='), disp(k)
disp('E_s1/E_y^2 ='), disp(E_s(1)/E_y)
disp('Phi Factor ='), disp(phi_2)
disp('Phi*M_n (kip-ft)= '), disp(phi_2 * M_n)
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phi_Mn=zeros(2,1);
phi_Pn=zeros(2,1);
Pn=zeros(2,1);
radius=diameter/2;
for i=1:n1
yc(i)=(i-0.5)*t;
if i<=n1/2
b(i)=sqrt(radius^2-(radius-yc(i))^2)*2;
else
b(i)=b(i-(2*(i-n1/2)-1));
end
Ac(i)=b(i)*t;
end
rb=0.5*db_guess;
rb=0.5*(rb(1)+rb(2));
ys1=diameter-0.5-1.5;
ys2=radius+((radius-1.5-0.5-0.5*rb)*sind(45));
ys3=radius;
ys4=h-ys2;
ys=[ys1;ys2;ys3;ys4;h-ys1];
dt=ys1;
while n<=0.8*n1-1
n=n+1;
for i=1:2
As(:,i)=bars'*Ab_guess(i);
end
a=n*t;
c=a/beta;
Fs=zeros(5,2);
Fc=zeros(n,1);
for i=1:5
es(i)=0.003/c*(ys(i)-c);
fs(i)=sign(es(i))*min(abs(es(i))*29000,fy);
Fs(i,:)=As(i,:)*fs(i)';
end
for i=1:n
Fc(i)=Ac(i)*(-0.85*fc);
end
%determine reduction factor
if c/dt>=0.6
phi=0.65;
elseif c/dt<=0.6 && c/dt>0.375
phi=0.9-0.25/0.225*(c/dt-0.375); %stirrup-tie
elseif c/dt<0.375
phi=0.9;
end
65
SE 151A
Design of Reinforced Concrete
for i=1:2
Pn(i,1)=(sum(Fs(:,i))+sum(Fc));
ultimate=0.8*phi*(0.85*fc*(Ag-Ast)+fy*Ast);
if Pn(i)>=ultimate
Pn(i)=ultimate;
end
end
for i=1:2
Mn(i)= (Fc(1:n)'*yc(1:n)'+Fs(:,i)'*ys)-Pn(i)*h/2;
end
Mn=Mn/12;%kip-ft;
phi_Mn=phi*Mn;
phi_Pn=phi*Pn;
for j=1:2
phi_Mn_matrix(j,n+1)=phi_Mn(j);
phi_Pn_matrix(j,n+1)=phi_Pn(j);
Mn_matrix(j,n+1)=Mn(j);
Pn_matrix(j,n+1)=Pn(j);
end
end
Pn_T=Ast*fy;
phi_Pn_T=0.9*Pn_T;
Mn_T=[0,0];
Pn_C= -(Ast*fy+0.85*(Ag-Ast)*fc);
phi_Pn_C=0.65*Pn_C;
Mn_C=[0 0];
for s=1:2
phi_Pn_matrix(s,1)=phi_Pn_T(s);
phi_Pn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=phi_Pn_C(s);
Pn_matrix(s,1)=Pn_T(s);
Pn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=Pn_C(s);
phi_Mn_matrix(s,1)=Mn_T(s);
phi_Mn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=Mn_C(s);
Mn_matrix(s,1)=Mn_C(s);
Mn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=Mn_C(s);
end
figure(1)
plot(Mn_matrix(1,:),Pn_matrix(1,:),'b','linewidth',0.3);hold on
plot(Mn_matrix(2,:),Pn_matrix(2,:),'g','linewidth',0.3)
xlabel('Mn [kip-ft]')
ylabel('Pn [kip]')
title('Pn-Mn Interraction Diagram')
legend('0.01 \rho','0.04 \rho')
grid on
set(gca,'Ydir','reverse')
figure(2)
plot(phi_Mn_matrix(1,:),phi_Pn_matrix(1,:),'b','linewidth',0.3);hold on
66
SE 151A
Design of Reinforced Concrete
plot(phi_Mn_matrix(2,:),phi_Pn_matrix(2,:),'g','linewidth',0.3)
xlabel('\phiMn [kip-ft]')
ylabel('\phiPn [kip]')
title('\phiPn-\phiMn Interraction Diagram')
legend('0.01 \rho','0.04 \rho')
Mu=[525,1201,620,1347,671,1054,400,1323];
Pu=[-584,-584,-621,-621,-561,-561,-560,-560];
scatter(Mu,Pu,'rx');
grid on
set(gca,'Ydir','reverse')
67
SE 151A
Design of Reinforced Concrete
68
SE 151A
Design of Reinforced Concrete
Fc=zeros(n,1);
for i=1:5
es(i)=0.003/c*(ys(i)-c);
fs(i)=sign(es(i))*min(abs(es(i))*29000,fy);
Fs(i,:)=As(i,:)*fs(i)';
end
for i=1:n
Fc(i)=Ac(i)*(-0.85*fc);
end
%determine reduction factor
if c/dt>=0.6
phi=0.65;
elseif c/dt<=0.6 && c/dt>0.375
phi=0.9-0.25/0.225*(c/dt-0.375); %stirrup-tie
elseif c/dt<0.375
phi=0.9;
end
for i=1:2
Pn(i,1)=(sum(Fs(:,i))+sum(Fc));
ultimate=0.8*phi*(0.85*fc*(Ag-Ast)+fy*Ast);
if Pn(i)>=ultimate
Pn(i)=ultimate;
end
end
for i=1:2
Mn(i)= (Fc(1:n)'*yc(1:n)'+Fs(:,i)'*ys)-Pn(i)*h/2;
end
Pn=Pn/norm_Pu;
Mn=Mn/norm_Mu;
Mn=Mn/12;%kip-ft;
phi_Mn=phi*Mn;
phi_Pn=phi*Pn;
for j=1:2
phi_Mn_matrix(j,n+1)=phi_Mn(j);
phi_Pn_matrix(j,n+1)=phi_Pn(j);
Mn_matrix(j,n+1)=Mn(j);
Pn_matrix(j,n+1)=Pn(j);
end
end
Pn_T=Ast*fy/norm_Pu;
phi_Pn_T=0.9*Pn_T;
Mn_T=[0,0];
Pn_C= -(Ast*fy+0.85*(Ag-Ast)*fc)/norm_Pu;
phi_Pn_C=0.65*Pn_C;
Mn_C=[0 0];
for s=1:2
phi_Pn_matrix(s,1)=phi_Pn_T(s);
phi_Pn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=phi_Pn_C(s);
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SE 151A
Design of Reinforced Concrete
Pn_matrix(s,1)=Pn_T(s);
Pn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=Pn_C(s);
phi_Mn_matrix(s,1)=Mn_T(s);
phi_Mn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=Mn_C(s);
Mn_matrix(s,1)=Mn_C(s);
Mn_matrix(s,0.8*n1+1)=Mn_C(s);
end
figure(1)
plot(Mn_matrix(1,:),Pn_matrix(1,:),'b','linewidth',0.3);hold on
plot(Mn_matrix(2,:),Pn_matrix(2,:),'g','linewidth',0.3)
xlabel('normalized Mn [kip-ft]')
ylabel('normalized Pn [kip]')
title('normalized Pn-Mn Interraction Diagram')
legend('0.01 \rho','0.04 \rho')
grid on
set(gca,'Ydir','reverse')
figure(2)
plot(phi_Mn_matrix(1,:),phi_Pn_matrix(1,:),'b','linewidth',0.3);hold on
plot(phi_Mn_matrix(2,:),phi_Pn_matrix(2,:),'g','linewidth',0.3)
xlabel('normalized \phiMn [kip-ft]')
ylabel('\normalized phiPn [kip]')
title('normalized \phiPn-\phiMn Interraction Diagram')
Ag_pile=pi*72^2/4;%in^2
Norm_pile_P=Ag_pile*fc;
Norm_pile_M=Ag_pile*fc*72;
Mu=[1201,1347,1054,1323];
Pu=[-966,-1003,-943,-942];
Mu=Mu/Norm_pile_M;
Pu=Pu/Norm_pile_P;
scatter(Mu,Pu,'rx');
legend('0.01 \rho','0.04 \rho','Combos')
grid on
set(gca,'Ydir','reverse')
70
SE 151A
Design of Reinforced Concrete
Date
1/11/2015
1.5
1.5
1/14/2015
1/15/2015
2.5
1/16/2015
1/17/2015
1/18/2015
1/19/2015
2/16/2015
2/17/2015
2/18/2015
2/21/2015
2/22/2015
3/01/2015
3/07/2015
3/08/2015
3/11/2015
3/13/2014
3/14/2015
3/15/2015
3/16/2015
3/18/2015
Total
89
84.5
71