Essential Mathematical Formulas

1. Diagonal of a Square = s2
2. Diagonal of a Cube = s3
3. Diagonal of a Rectangular Solid = 2 + 2 + 2
4. Whole surface area of a Rectangular Solid = 2(abbcca)
5. Ratio of sides of a 30/60/90 angle = 1: 3: 2
6. Ratio of sides of a 45/45/90 angle = 1: 1: 2
7. Straight line equation y-y1=

2 1
2 1

(x-x1) [2 point (x1,y1) & (x2,y2) is given]

8. Straight line equation y = mx + b [m = slope, b= y intercept]

9. Slope =

2 1
2 1

10. Distance between two points = (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2

11. Equation of circle = ( )2 + ( )2 = 2 [centre= (a,b) ; radius= r]
12. Sum of the internal angle of a polygon - (n-2)180o
13. Area of a Triangle = base height
= ( )( )( )
=

[s =

++
2

2 (equilateral triangle)

14. Area of a Parallelogram = Base Height (ah)

= ab sin
15. Area of a Rectangle = Length Width
1

16. Area of a Rhombus =

Diagonal1 Diagonal2

= Side Height (a h)
= a2 sin
17. Area of a Trapezoid =

1+2
2

18. Of all quadrilateral/polygon with given perimeter, SQUARE/REGULAR

polygon has the largest area & vice versa
19. Cone 1

i) V = 2
3

ii) S = r(l + r)
20. Sphere

[l=length of inclined portion]

i) V = 3
3

ii) S = 4 2
21. Cylinder i) V= r2h
ii) Surface area = 2 r2 + 2rh = 2r(r+h)

Essential Mathematical Formulas

20. Circle i) Area = r2
ii) Circumference = 2r
iii) Area of a sector = r2
iv) Length of a arc = 2r

360

360

21. x0 = 1
x-a =
x

a .a = ax+y
(ax)y = axy
ax.bx = (ab)x
00=1, 01=0
22. 1 is not a prime number
2 is the only even prime number
0 is an integer (not negative or positive integer)
23 . Integers are -1,-2,-3.......0........1,2,3.....
24. Prime factorization:
2|60
2|30
3|15
5
2235
25. Factorization:
Small

Large

60

30

10

15

12

10

Essential Mathematical Formulas

26. Variance = (S.D)2
27. Weighted avg. =

2
5

180 +

3
5

(120) [ avg of 2 out of 5 is 180 & remain 3

is 120]

= 72 + 72
= 144
28.

0,1,1,4|5,6,6,7|7,8,10,12|14,15,18,19
Q1
Q2
Q3
(P25) (P50)
(P75)
Q 1=
Q 2=
Q3 =

4+5
2
7+7

= 4.5
=7

2
12+14
2

= 13

29. Normal distribution:

+- 1 SD = 68% (34+34)
+- 2 SD = 96% (34+14+34+14)
+- 3SD = 99.9% (34+14+2+34+14+2)
30. Permutation without repetition (normal) nPr =
31. Combination without repetition (normal)
32. Permutation with repetition = n

!
!
!

Cr =

! !

33. Permutation with same indistinguishable member =

7!

!
!

[Suppose permutation of word SUCCESS = 2!3! as S is 3 times and C is 2

34. Cyclical permutation =
35.

times]

Essential Mathematical Formulas

36. Arithmetric progressing series:
i) nth term = a + (n-1)d
ii) sum of the first n term =

{2a + (n-1)d}

37. Geometric progressing series:

i) nth term = arn-1
ii) sum of the first n term =

(1 )
1

38. 2 solution of quadratic equation ax2+bx+c= 0 is

39. Simple Interest V(

)=

P(1+

100

b 2 4ac
2

40. Compound Interest V(

)=

(1 +

41. Compound Interest V(

)=

(1 +

100

) [Compouded yearly]

100

) [Compouded n times yearly]

42. Parabola equation y = ax2+bx+c

i) a +ve hole open upwards
ii) y=0 bosale x er 2 ta intercept paowa jabe jar midpoint
holo vertex er x co ordinate.ekhon equation e ei x er
value bosale y paowa jabevertex holo ei (x,y)
43. Prime numbers: 4 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1
44. Probability:
Independent probability :(occurrence of one event doesnt affect the another)
i) Mutually exclusive means no chance of occurrence simultaneously
(both)like rolling a die, flipping a coin.
Here, P(A) or P(B) = P(A) + P(B)
P(A) and P(B) = P(A).P(B)
ii) Non mutually exclusive (independent) means chance of occurrence
simultaneously (both can occur at the same time).like subject
related problems.
Here, P(A) or P(B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A&B)
P(A) and P(B) = P(A).P(B)
Dependent Probability: (occurrence of one event affects another)
Picking red ball, blue ball from box.3/10 x 2/9
45. Total = nA + nB n (A&B) + no participation

Essential Mathematical Formulas

46. Miscellaneous:
i) (-3)2 = 9 , -32 = -9
ii) 100 = only 10, not -10
2 = only +x, not x
iii) x2 = 16, here x = +4