Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Mathematics 100
Institute of Mathematics

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Outline

Review of Trigonometric Identities

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Trigonometric Identities

Recall
Quotient Identities
sin
cos
cos
cot =
sin
tan =

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Reciprocal Identities
1
tan =
cot
1
sec =
cos
1
csc =
sin

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Pythagorean
Identities
sin2 + cos2 = 1
1 + cot2 = csc2
tan2 + 1 = sec2

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Introduction
Consider the following graphs:

Figure 1. graph of y =

sin x
x

Figure 2. graph of y =

1 cos x
x

From these we can see that:

Theorem
1

sin h
=1
h0 h
lim

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

1 cos h
=0
h
h0
lim

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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The derivative of y = sin x and y = cos x

Let f (x) = sin x.
f 0 (x) =
=
=
=
=
=

sin(x + h) (sin x)
h
h0
(sin x cos h + cos x sin h) sin x
lim
h
h0


cos x sin h
sin x cos h sin x
lim
+
h
h
h0
sin x(1 cos h)
cos x sin h
lim
+ lim
h
h
h0
h0
(1 cos h)
sin h
sin x lim
+ cos x lim
h
h0
h0 h
sin x 0 + cos x 1
lim

= cos x.
If f (x) = cos x, it can be shown that
f 0 (x) = sin x.
Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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The derivative of y = tan x and y = cot x

Let f (x) = tan x =

sin x
.
cos x
(cos x)(cos x) (sin x)( sin x)
cos2 x
2
cos2 x + sin x
=
cos2 x
1
=
cos2 x
= sec2 x.

f 0 (x) =

If f (x) = cot x,
f 0 (x) = csc2 x.

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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The derivative of y = sec x and y = csc x

Let f (x) = sec x =

1
= (cos x)1 .
cos x
f 0 (x) =

(cos x)2 ( sin x)

sin x
=
cos2 x
sin x
1

=
cos x cos x
= sec x tan x.

If f (x) = csc x,
f 0 (x) = csc x cot x

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Summary
Theorem
Let u be a differentiable function of x. Then by chain rule,
1

Dx (sin u) = cos u Dx u

Dx (cos u) = sin u Dx u

Dx (tan u) = sec2 u Dx u

Dx (csc u) = csc u cot u Dx u

Dx (sec u) = sec u tan u Dx u

Dx (cot u) = csc2 u Dx u

where Dx u is the derivative of u with respect to x.

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Examples

Find the derivative of y = sin(5x).

Solution:
Letting u = 5x, then

dy
= cos u Dx u.
dx

Hence,
dy
dx

cos(5x) 5

= 5 cos(5x).

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Examples

2. Find

dy
if y = tan3 (5x).
dx

Solution:
Note that y = tan3 (5x) = (tan(5x))3 .
dy
dx

= 3 (tan(5x))2 sec2 (5x)(5)

= 15 tan2 (5x) sec2 (5x)

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Examples

3. Find

dy
if y = 3 sin 3x + tan x 2 .
dx

Solution:
We differentiate term by term:
dy
dx

= (3 cos 3x)Dx (3x) + (sec2 x 2 )Dx (x 2 )

= (3 cos 3x) 3 + (sec2 x 2 ) (2x)
= 9 cos 3x + 2x sec2 x 2

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

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Examples

4. Find

x 2 + csc x 3
dy
if y =
.
dx
cot3 x

Solution:
Using quotient rule,
(cot3 x)(2x csc x 3 cot x 3 (3x 2 )) (x 2 + csc x 3 )(3 cot2 x( csc2 x))
dy
=
dx
cot6 x

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Examples

5. Find

d 2y
if y = 2x + sin(3x x 2 + x 3 ).
dx 2

Solution:
dy
dx

h
i
= 2 + cos(3x x 2 + x 3 ) (3 2x + 3x 2 )
= 2 + (3 2x + 3x 2 ) cos(3x x 2 + x 3 )

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Examples
dy
= 2 + (3 2x + 3x 2 ) cos(3x x 2 + x 3 )
dx

Solution (continued...):
d 2y
dx 2

= 0 + Dx [(3 2x + 3x 2 ) cos(3x x 2 + x 3 )]
= (3 2x + 3x 2 )Dx [cos(3x x 2 + x 3 )]
+ cos(3x x 2 + x 3 )Dx (3 2x + 3x 2 )
= (3 2x + 3x 2 )( sin(3x x 2 + x 3 ))(3 2x + 3x 2 )
+ cos(3x x 2 + x 3 )(2 + 6x)
= (3 2x + 3x 2 )2 sin(3x x 2 + x 3 )
+ (2 + 6x) cos(3x x 2 + x 3 ).

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Examples
6. Use implicit differentiation to find

dy
if x 3 y 2 = tan x sin y .
dx

Solution:
Differentiate term by term:
dy
+ y 2 3x 2
dx
dy
dy
+ cos y
2x 3 y
dx
dx
dy
(2x 3 y + cos y )
dx
dy
dx
x 3 2y

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

= sec2 x cos y

dy
dx

= sec2 x 3x 2 y 2
= sec2 x 3x 2 y 2
=

sec2 x 3x 2 y 2
2x 3 y + cos y

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Examples
4. Use implicit differentiation to find

dy
if y cos x csc3 y = 1.
dx

Solution:
Dx (y cos x csc3 y ) = Dx (1)
yDx (cos x) + (cos x)Dx (y ) Dx (csc3 y )
dy
dy
y sin x + (cos x)
(3 csc2 y )( csc y cot y )
dx
dx
dy
3
y sin x + (cos x + 3 cot y csc y )
dx
dy
(cos x + 3 cot y csc3 y )
dx
Thus,

= 0
= 0
= 0
= y sin x

dy
y sin x
=
.
dx
cos x + 3 cot y csc3 y

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

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Exercises

Find f 0 (x).
r


a) f (x) = sec4 (x 2 3x)
b) f (x) =
3

Find

cot2 (x 3 )

cos (x 3 2x)
tan x

sin x csc(x 2 3x + 6)

 
dy
d 2y
2 y ) = y cos2 x cot y .
and
if
sin
(x
dx
x
dx 2

Math 100 (Institute of Mathematics)

Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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