Title: Experiment 1A

Measuring specific gravity of a liquid by using measuring beaker, eureka

can, density bottle and hydrometer method

Objective:
To determine specific gravity of a liquid using measuring beaker, eureka
can and density bottle method.

Apparatus:
Measuring beaker, eureka can, density bottle, balance, water liquid, solid
object, and ruler.

Theory:
Specific gravity or also called as Relative Density, of a substance may be
defined as the ratio of its mass density to the mass density of water taken
at atmospheric pressure at 4 degree Celsius. Since it is a ratio, specific
gravity has no unit.
Mass density is defined as the mass of material per unit volume. So to
determine density of a liquid it is necessary to determine the mass of a
known volume of liquid. Measurement of volume must be done with due
care.

Procedure:
A) Using measuring beaker method
i. An empty beaker was weighed.
ii.
The beaker was filled with water and the volume was
recorded.
iii.
The beaker that filled with water was weighed and the mass of
water was recorded.
iv.
Mass density ;
= mass in grams/vol in ml or
P = mass in kg/vol in m3
v. Average mass density was calculated
vi.
The steps above were repeated by using syrup in place of
water.
vii.
Specific gravity ;

S.G = /w

B) Using eureka can method

i. A solid object was found that fit in the eureka can.
ii.
The dimension and volume of the object was measured and
calculated. The volume was recorded.
iii.
The eureka can was placed at the edge of a working surface
and was filled with water until it overflows.
iv.
An empty beaker was weighed and the mass was recorded. It
is then was placed under the spout.
v. The object was lowered carefully until it fully immersed. The
displaced water in the beaker was collected.
vi.
The mass of beaker filled with water was recorded. The mass
of water can be calculated by subtracting the mass of empty
beaker.
vii.
Mass density was calculated.
viii.
The above steps were repeated by using syrup in place of
water.
ix.
The specific gravity of liquid was calculated.
C) Using density bottle method
i. The bottle and stopper was dried.
ii.
The bottle with stopper was weighed and the weight was
recorded.
iii.
The bottle was filled with water and the stopper was replaced.
iv.
The outside of the bottle was dried with a piece of cloth or
tissue paper. Any excess of water was removed from the
stopper such that the liquid in the hole is level with the top of
the stopper.
v. When the water is level with the top of the stopper, the
volume of water was 50cm3.
vi.
The bottle with stopper and water was weighed. The mass was
recorded.
vii.
Mass density was calculated.
viii.
The above method was repeated by using syrup in placed of
water.
ix.
The specific gravity of liquid was calculated.

Observations and results

A) Using beaker method
: For water
Mass of
water (g)

Vol. Of
water
(cm3)

Mass
density of
water
(g/cm3)

155.263

93.063

100

0.931

61.900

156.901

95.001

100

0.950

61.744

159.700

97.956

100

0.980

Mass
density of
water
(g/cm3)

S.N
o

Weight of
empty
beaker (g)

Weight of
beaker +
water (g)

62.200

2
3

Average water = 0.9533 g/cm3

: For (liquid) = Syrup

S.N
o

Weight of
empty
beaker (g)

Weight of
beaker +
water (g)

Mass of
water (g)

Vol. Of
water
(cm3)

63.104

146.264

83.160

100

0.882

62.101

146.261

84.160

100

0.842

64.107

146.288

82.181

100

0.822

Average liquid = 0.8487 g/cm3

Calculation
: Specific gravity of liquid = water / liquid = 0.8487 / 0.9533 = 0.8903
g/cm3

B) Using eureka can method

Vol. of object = 3.13.18.1 cm3
: For water
S.No

Weight of
empty beaker
(g)

Weight of
beaker +
water (g)

Mass of water
(g)

Mass density
of water
(g/cm3)

62.5173

144.5010

81.9837

1.0532

62.5172

143.8720

81.3548

1.0452

62.5174

142.6381

80.1207

1.0293

Average water = 1.0426 g/cm3

: For (liquid) = Syrup
S.No

Weight of
empty beaker
(g)

Weight of
beaker +
water (g)

Mass of water
(g)

Mass density
of water
(g/cm3)

63.1902

143.4611

80.2709

1.0312

61.2800

141.7429

80.4629

1.0336

61.9386

142.7039

80.7658

1.0376

Average liquid = 1.034 g/cm3

Calculation
: Specific gravity of liquid = water / liquid = 1.034 / 1.0426 = 0.991
g/cm3

C) Using density bottle method

: For water
Volume of water = 100 cm3
S.N
o

Weight of
empty bottle
(g)

Wieght of
bottle + water
(g)

Mass of water
(g)

Mass of
density water
(g/cm3)

61.702

140.55

78.848

0.788

60.749

136.46

75.711

0.757

63.399

141.15

77.751

0.777

Average water = 1.549 g/cm3

: For (liquid) = Syrup
Volume of liquid = 100 cm3
S.N
o

Weight of
empty bottle
(g)

Wieght of
bottle + water
(g)

Mass of water
(g)

Mass of
density water
(g/cm3)

61.702

140.55

78.848

0.788

60.749

136.46

75.711

0.757

63.399

141.15

77.751

0.777

Average liquid = 0.774 g/cm3

Calculation
: Specific gravity of liquid = water / liquid = 0.774 / 1.549 = 0.4977
g/cm