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Design Considerations
Several factors must be taken into consideration when selecting the core pipe best suited to a
particular application, such as:
TEMPERATURE: the operating temperature of the system must be considered to ensure that the
pipe is recommended for operation at the temperature required of it.
THERMAL EXPANSION: there is a considerable variation in the expansion and contraction of the
various pipe types as can be seen from the following table. Changes in the length indicated are
approximate and may vary depending on the actual resin used by a particular pipe manufacturer.
CORROSION RESISTANCE: if
the fluid being carried within the pipe is corrosive , the core pipe
must be suitable for the service required.
ABRASION RESISTANCE: in
compromise between ease of handling on the job and the reduction of the
number of joints must be arrived at when selecting the length of pipe best suited to the particular
application.
INSTALLATION COST: is any special equipment or personnel required for pipe jointing? What is
the time required to complete each pipe joint? Is heavy equipment required to lay the pipes?,
etc. These are all factors which must be considered when estimating the overall installed cost of
the pre-insulated pipe system.
UV RESISTANCE:
BEAM STRENGTH:
applications?
CAESARII Software features
Intergraph CAESAR II evaluates the structural responses and stresses of piping systems to international
codes and standards. CAESAR II is the pipe stress analysis standard against which all others are
measured.
CAESAR II analyzes the effects of wind, support settlement, seismic loads and wave loads.
Nonlinear effects such as support lift off, gap closure and friction are also included. CAESAR II also
selects the proper springs for supporting systems with large vertical deflections. Dynamic analysis
capabilities include modal, harmonic, response spectrum and time history analysis.
Piping system shall be properly supported taking into account the following points:
a.) Sustained Loads
- Weight of Piping (Bare pipe, service fluid, valves, flanges, jacketting etc)
- Weight of Insulation (if any)
- Weight of online equipments (if any)
- Weight of instruments (if any)
- Pressure relief loads due to safety valve operation
- Dynamic loads due to pulsating flow/two phase with slug flow
Pressure-Thrust loads in case of expansion joints
b) Occasional Loads
Wind/Seismic loads(as and when required)
c.) Thermal Loads
Thermal loads due to operating/design/steam out/decoking or any other
possible abnormal condition.
Factors to be considered
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6) Geometric Non-Linearity
- A large-deformation formulation of the finite element equations has to be adopted tobetter
predict the possibility of buckling of the pipe wall.
7) Fracture Criterion
- Where fracture is a dominant mechanism in the analysis, fracture criterion has to beincluded
to predict better the formation and propagation of the cracks.
3)System such as pump suction-discharge or turbine compressor system
Factors to be considered
1) Type of material of pipe, fittings and equipments
2) Sizes of above
3) Support span calculation
4) Type of supports required
5) Analyze system as per the following loads
a.) Sustained Loads
- Weight of Piping (Bare pipe, service fluid, valves, flanges, jacketting etc)
- Weight of Insulation (if any)
- Weight of online equipments (if any)
- Weight of instruments (if any)
- Pressure relief loads due to safety valve operation
- Dynamic loads due to pulsating flow/two phase with slug flow
Pressure-Thrust loads in case of expansion joints
b) Occasional Loads
Wind/Seismic loads (as and when required)
c.) Thermal Loads
Thermal loads due to operating/design/steam out/decoking or any other
Possible abnormal condition.