QP.

Water Resources Engineering-II (May-2013, R09) JNTU-Hyderabad

R09

Code No.: 09A60103

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad

Solutions

B.Tech. III Year II Semester Examinations

May - 2013
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-II
( Civil Engineering )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
---

1.

2.

(a)

What do you understand by a mass-inflow curve? How would you find safe yield if the mass inflow curve and
the reservoir capacity are given? (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.2)

(b)

Explain dead storage, useful storage, bank storage and valley storage. [15] (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.2)

(a)

What is meant by the elementary profile of a gravity dam and how is it deduced? (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)

(b)

What should be the maximum depth of elementary profile of a dam if the safe limit of stress on the masonry
should not exceed 1500 kN per m2? [15] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)

3.

Write an explanatory note on the procedure for stability analysis of slopes of an earth dam by Swedish slip circle
method. [15] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.3)

4.

(a)

Enumerate the different types of spillways. (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1)

(b)

Discuss briefly the design principles that are involved in the design of an ogee spillway and chute spillway.
[15] (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1)

5.

Discuss Blighs Creep theory for the design of weir constructed over pervious foundation.
[15] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.3)

6.

Draw a neat layout of diversion head-works and indicate the various components of the system. Briefly indicate the
function of each component. [15] (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.2)

7.

(a)

What is meant by canal drops? Why are canal drops constructed in a canal system? (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.1)

(b)

Discuss briefly the components of various types of falls with neat sketches. Also discuss the suitability of
each type. [15] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.1)

(a)

Discuss the various factors affecting the suitability of aqueduct and siphon aqueduct. (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.2)

(b)

Differentiate between super passage and canal siphon. [15] (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.2)

8.

( JNTU-Hyderabad )

B.Tech. III-Year II-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

QP.2

SOLUTIONS TO MAY-2013, R09, QP

Q1.

(a)

What do you understand by a mass-inflow curve? How would you find safe yield if the mass
inflow curve and the reservoir capacity are given?

Answer :

May-13, (R09), Q1(a)

Mass-Inflow

Discharge in flow rate

Flow hydrograph

Time (year)

t=t

Mass inflow
curve

Mass inflow

t=0

Time (year)

Figure
The above figure shows the annual inflow hydrograph and the mass curve for this inflow hydrograph. The area
under the first curve upto time (t) and the ordinate of second curve at the same time (t) are equal. It is clear that a mass curve
will rise continuously as it is a plot of accumulated inflow.
(b)

Explain dead storage, useful storage, bank storage and valley storage.

Answer :

May-13, (R09), Q1(b)

Dead Storage
For answer refer Unit-I, Q4, Topic: Dead Storage.
Useful Storage
For answer refer Unit-I, Q4, Topic: Useful Storage.
Bank Storage
The storage of water which is allowed to pass through the river banks and the soil above it referred to as bank
storage. They depend on geological conditions of river banks. The bank storage improves the capacity of reservoir more
than the indicated capacity.

B.Tech. III-Year II-Sem.

( JNTU-Hyderabad )

QP.3

Water Resources Engineering-II (May-2013, R09) JNTU-Hyderabad

Valley Storage
The water held by natural stream channel is called as
valley storage. Before constructing a reservoir, some quantity
of water is stored in the natural stream channel as a valley
storage. Therefore, valley storage is considered while
designing the large flood control reservoirs with respect to
the volume of water stored in the reservoir.
Q2.

(a)

What is meant by the elementary profile

of a gravity dam and how is it deduced?

Answer :

May-13, (R09), Q2(a)

For answer refer Unit-II, Q5, Topic: Elementary Profile

of Gravity Dam.
(b)

What should be the maximum depth of

elementary profile of a dam, if the safe
limit of stress on the masonry should not
exceed 1500 kN per m2?
May-13, (R09), Q2(b)

Answer :

For answer refer April/May-12, Set-2, Q2(c).

Q3.

Write an explanatory note on the procedure

for stability analysis of slopes of an earth dam
by Swedish slip circle method.
May-13, (R09), Q3

Answer :
Swedish Slip Circle Method

The swedish slip circle method is developed by the

swedish engineers, in which it is assumed that the sliding
surface is an arc of a circle. Here two cases should be
considered such as analysis of purely cohesive soil and the
soil possessing both friction and cohesion.
O
r

Cu L

Figure

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Trial slip
circle

The above figure shows a slope PQ, of which the

stability is to be measured. In this method, a number of trial
slip circle are assumed and factor of safety is determined.
The circle relative to the minimum factor of safety is the
critical slip circle. Let the trial slip circle be PS with O as
centre of rotation and r as radius. Let us assume the weight
of the soil as W of the wedge PQSP of unit thickness, acting
through its centroid. MD will be equal to W x . If, L is the
length of the slip and Cu = Unit cohesion, the shear resistance
developed along the slip surface Cu L will be equal. Therefore,
the resisting moment MR and r.Cu L will be equal.
The factor of safety is given by,
F =

MR
MD

Cu Lr
Mx
Consider Cm is the mobilised shear resistance of soil.
=

Cm =

Wx
.r
L

Therefore,
F=

Cu L.r
Cu
=
Wx
Cm

The determination of distance x from O can be carried

out by dividing the wedge into vertical slices and sum of
moment of weight by wedge weight.
Q4. (a) Enumerate the different types of
spillways.
May-13, (R09), Q4(a)
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-IV, Q1, Topic: Classification of
Spillways.
(b) Discuss briefly the design principles that
are involved in the design of an ogee
spillway and chute spillway.
Answer :
May-13, (R09), Q4(b)
Design Principles of an Ogee Spillway
The profile of ogee spillway is made according to the
shape of the lower nappe of a free falling jet over a sharp
crested weir. It can be determined by the principle of
projectile.
The crest of ogee spillway is made to a nappe that
could achieve at one particular head. This head is known as
designed head. The design of ogee spillways in olden days
were carried out as per the theoretical profile achieved for
the lower nappe of free falling jet known as Bazins profile.
By adopting this profit there exists a lot of friction due to
roughness. Therefore, the negative pressure on that profile
seems inevitable.

B.Tech. III-Year II-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

QP.4

Design Principle of an Chute Spillway

The chute spillway is provided either along abutment of dam or in a saddle along a reservoir rim. The design of small
ogee weir required as a control structure for the chute spillways is given by,
Xn = KH dn-1Y
It is constructed on the foundation which is able to sustain the load without undue deformation. Normally, the slope
of the chute is kept sufficient to meet the needs of flow. The freeboard should be provided sufficiently so that no spilling of
water takes place over the sides of trough. The cut off for chute spillways must be provided at upper end of spillway,
upstream end of each panel and downstream end of the paving.
Q5. Discuss Blighs Creep theory for the design of weir constructed over pervious foundation.
May-13, (R09), Q5
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q9.
Q6. Draw a neat layout of diversion head-works and indicate the various components of the system.
Briefly indicate the function of each component.
Answer :
May-13, (R09), Q6
Layout of Diversion Head-works With its Components
For answer refer Unit-V, Q5.
Function of Each Component
For answer refer Unit-V, Q6.
6.
Silt Excluder
(i) It excludes silt from water entering the canal
(ii) It carries silt through the tunnels and is discharged from the undersluices to the downstream side.
7.
Marginal Bunds
(i) It protects the area from submergence due to rise in HFL.
(ii) It controls and guide the river flow between the guide banks.
8.
Guide Banks
(i) If forces the river into a restricted channel.
(ii) It provides a smooth and an axial flow near the weir site.
Q7. (a) What is meant by canal drops? Why are canal drops constructed in a canal system?
Answer :
May-13, (R09), Q7(a)
For answer refer April/May-12, Set-3, Q7(a).
(b) Discuss briefly the components of various types of falls with neat sketches. Also discuss the
suitability of each type.
May-13, (R09), Q7(b)
Answer :
(i)
Ogee Type Fall
For answer refer Unit-VII, Q1, Topic: Ogee-Type Fall.
U/S F.S.L

D/S F.S.L

U/S BED

D/S BED

Figure: Ogee Fall

B.Tech. III-Year II-Sem.

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QP.5

Water Resources Engineering-II (May-2013, R09) JNTU-Hyderabad

(ii)

Rapid Fall
For answer refer Unit-VII, Q1, Topic: Rapid Fall.

U/S F.S.L
D/S F.S.L
U/S BED
1in 10 + 1in 20

D/S BED

Figure: Rapid Fall

(iii)

Stepped Fall
For answer refer Unit-VII, Q1, Topic: Stepped Fall.
D/S F.S.L

U/S BED

D/S F.S.L

D/S BED

Figure: Stepped Fall

(iv)

Trapezoidal Notch Fall

For answer refer Unit-VII, Q1, Topic: Trapezoidal Notch Fall.
Top of
channel bank
Side wall
U/S F.S.L
Notch

Notch pier

Foundation
wall

Figure: Trapezoidal Notch Fall

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B.Tech. III-Year II-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

QP.6
(v)

Vertical Drop Fall

For answer refer Unit-VII, Q1, Topic: Vertical Drop Fall.

U/S F.S.L
U/S bed level

Drop
D/S bed level

Figure: Vertical Drop Fall

For remaining answer refer Unit-VII, Q1, Topics: Straight Glacis Fall, Mortague Fall, Inglis Fall, Sarda Fall, Modern
Glacis Fall.
Suitability
For answer refer Unit-VII, Q2.
Q8.

(a)

Discuss the various factors affecting the suitability of aqueduct and siphon aqueduct.
May-13, (R09), Q8(a)

Answer :
Factors Affecting the Suitability of Aqueduct and Siphon Aqueduct

The size of the river and canal to be crossed is one of the main factor taken in knowing whether the cross drainage
work must be an siphon aqueduct or a aqueduct. For a large river the lowering of bed by a drop for allowing a siphon
aqueduct would be expensive. If their is large amount of bed silt carried by river then the risk of choking up of siphon is high.
Therefore and aqueduct must be provided on a large river.
The provision of an syphon aqueduct or an aqueduct is also affected by water levels and bed levels of drain and the
canal to be crossed. Anyhow by changing the alignment of canal, the difference between the bed levels of drain and the
canal can be altered.
The other significant factors besides the above factors are,
(a)

Nature of foundation

(b)

Suitable alignment of canal

(c)

Suitability of soil for making embankment

(d)

Ground water meeting the level of foundation and availability if dewatering equipment.
(b)

Differentiate between super passage and canal siphon.

Answer :

May-13, (R09), Q8(b)

Super Passage
For answer refer Unit-VIII, Q7, Topic: Super Passage.
Canal Siphon
For answer refer Unit-VIII, Q7, Topic: Canal Siphon.

B.Tech. III-Year II-Sem.

( JNTU-Hyderabad )