Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
RU40,
OperatingDocumentation,
Issue05
ImpactofTransportNetwork
ImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
DN0983316
Issue01A
ApprovalDate2011-04-21
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance
Theinformationinthisdocumentissubjecttochangewithoutnoticeanddescribesonlytheproduct
defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of
NokiaSolutionsandNetworkscustomersonlyforthepurposesoftheagreementunderwhichthe
documentissubmitted,andnopartofitmaybeused,reproduced,modifiedortransmittedinany
formormeanswithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofNokiaSolutionsandNetworks.Thedocumentationhasbeenpreparedtobeusedbyprofessionalandproperlytrainedpersonnel,andthecustomerassumesfullresponsibilitywhenusingit.NokiaSolutionsandNetworkswelcomescustomer
commentsaspartoftheprocessofcontinuousdevelopmentandimprovementofthedocumentation.
The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or
performanceofthementionedhardwareorsoftwareproductsaregiven"asis"andallliabilityarisinginconnectionwithsuchhardwareorsoftwareproductsshallbedefinedconclusivelyandfinally
in a separate agreement between Nokia Solutions and Networks and the customer. However,
NokiaSolutionsandNetworkshasmadeallreasonableeffortstoensurethattheinstructionscontained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Solutions
and Networks will, if deemed necessary by Nokia Solutions and Networks, explain issues which
maynotbecoveredbythedocument.
NokiaSolutionsandNetworkswillcorrecterrorsinthisdocumentationassoonaspossible.INNO
EVENT WILL Nokia Solutions and Networks BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,INCIDENTALORCONSEQUENTIALORANYLOSSES,SUCHASBUTNOTLIMITEDTO
LOSSOFPROFIT,REVENUE,BUSINESSINTERRUPTION,BUSINESSOPPORTUNITYORDATA,THATMAYARISEFROMTHEUSEOFTHISDOCUMENTORTHEINFORMATIONINIT.
Thisdocumentationandtheproductitdescribesareconsideredprotectedbycopyrightsandother
intellectualpropertyrightsaccordingtotheapplicablelaws.
NSN is a trademark of Nokia Solutions and Networks. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia
Corporation.Otherproductnamesmentionedinthisdocumentmaybetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners,andtheyarementionedforidentificationpurposesonly.
CopyrightNokiaSolutionsandNetworks2011.Allrightsreserved
ImportantNoticeonProductSafety
Thisproductmaypresentsafetyrisksduetolaser,electricity,heat,andothersourcesof
danger.
Only trained and qualified personnel may install, operate, maintain or otherwise handle
this product and only after having carefully read the safety information applicable to this
product.
ThesafetyinformationisprovidedintheSafetyInformationsectionintheLegal,Safety
andEnvironmentalInformationpartofthisdocumentordocumentationset.
NokiaSolutionsandNetworksiscontinuallystrivingtoreducetheadverseenvironmentaleffectsof
itsproductsandservices.Wewouldliketoencourageyouasourcustomersanduserstojoinusin
working towards a cleaner, safer environment. Please recycle product packaging and follow the
recommendationsforpoweruseandproperdisposalofourproductsandtheircomponents.
IfyoushouldhavequestionsregardingourEnvironmentalPolicyoranyoftheenvironmentalservicesweoffer,pleasecontactusatNokiaSolutionsandNetworksforanyadditionalinformation.
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance
TableofContents
Thisdocumenthas41pages
Summaryofchanges..................................................................... 7
Issue:01A
IntroductionofImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentson
WCDMANetworkPerformance..................................................... 8
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
Measurementmethods.................................................................. 9
Introduction.................................................................................... 9
Generalassumptions..................................................................... 9
Testnetworkarchitecture............................................................... 9
Testsetup.....................................................................................10
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
Iubperformancevalues................................................................12
ProcedureKPIs............................................................................ 12
MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime........................................12
PDPContextActivationAccept....................................................13
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH........................................... 14
RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH...................................................15
RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA.................................................16
Throughputvs.impairmentvalues............................................... 18
HSDPAresults..............................................................................18
HSUPAresults..............................................................................21
R99results................................................................................... 23
Linebreaktests............................................................................24
RANbehavior...............................................................................24
Services....................................................................................... 24
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
Iuperformancevalues..................................................................25
ProcedureKPIs............................................................................ 25
MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime........................................25
PDPContextActivationAccept....................................................26
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH........................................... 27
RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH...................................................28
RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA.................................................29
Throughputvs.impairmentvalues............................................... 31
HSDPAresults.............................................................................31
HSUPAresults..............................................................................32
R99results................................................................................... 34
Summary...................................................................................... 35
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
Appendix...................................................................................... 36
IEEE1588v2TimingoverPacket(ToP)........................................ 36
3GPPQoSrequirements............................................................. 37
Messageflows............................................................................. 38
DN0983316
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance
6.3.1
MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime........................................38
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance
ListofFigures
Issue:01A
Figure1
IPIutests............................................................................................10
Figure2
Exponentialdelaydistribution............................................................. 11
Figure3
IPIubdelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime................................12
Figure4
ImpactofIubdelayonPDPContextActivationTime......................... 14
Figure5
ImpactofIubdelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH............. 14
Figure6
32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99..................................................15
Figure7
1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99..............................................16
Figure8
32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA............................................... 17
Figure9
1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA........................................... 17
Figure10
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay................................... 18
Figure11
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitterwiderange............... 19
Figure12
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitter..................................... 19
Figure13
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLRwiderange............... 20
Figure14
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLR..................................... 20
Figure15
HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay....................... 21
Figure16
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay.................... 22
Figure17
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.Iubjitter...........................22
Figure18
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IubPLR.......................... 23
Figure19
R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay......................................... 23
Figure20
IPIudelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime..................................25
Figure21
ImpactofIudelayonPDPContextActivationTime........................... 26
Figure22
ImpactofIudelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH............... 27
Figure23
32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99....................................................28
Figure24
1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99................................................29
Figure25
32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA................................................. 30
Figure26
1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA............................................. 30
Figure27
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay..................................... 31
Figure28
HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay........................ 32
Figure29
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay...................... 33
Figure30
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IuPLR4.......................... 33
Figure31
R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIudelay........................................... 34
Figure32
FlexiWCDMAToPclockMAFEmaskandaMAFEcurveofahighly
stressedconnection.Tauistheaveragingwindowsizeusedinthe
MAFEcalculation................................................................................36
DN0983316
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance
ListofTables
Table1
Measurementsettingsforbothinterface............................................ 11
Table2
RationaleforCallSetupTime.............................................................12
Table3
RationaleforPDPContextAccept.................................................... 13
Table4
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH..................................................14
Table5
Configurationschecked...................................................................... 18
Table6
RationaleforCallSetupTime.............................................................25
Table7
RationaleforPDPContextAccept..................................................... 26
Table8
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH..................................................27
Table9
Checkedconfigurations...................................................................... 31
Table10
3GPPQoSrequirements....................................................................37
Table11
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH..................................................38
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Summaryofchanges
Summaryofchanges
Issue01A(2011-04-21,WCDMARANRU20)
Chapter4.Iuperformancevalueshasbeenadded.
Issue01(2010-12-01,WCDMARANRU20)
Thisisthefirstissueofthedocument.
Issue:01A
DN0983316
IntroductionofImpactofTransportNetwork
ImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
1 IntroductionofImpactofTransportNetwork
ImpairmentsonWCDMANetwork
Performance
Thisdocumentdescribesseveralinherentsystemdependenciesfromtransmission
networkperformance.Basedonthosedependencies,conclusionscanbedrawnforthe
requirementsfortheIPtransportnetwork.Thevaluespresentedinthisdocument
representNokiaSolutionsandNetworkscurrentbestunderstanding.Allmeasurements
presentedinthisdocumentweretakeninanunloadednetwork,socapacityissueswere
notchecked.
WhenconsideringIPbasedIubandIulinks,higherdegradationmaybeexpected
becauseofthetrafficcharacteristic,systemsetup,andsoftwarerelease.NokiaSolutions
andNetworksrecommendschoosinglinkparametersaccordingtotheoperators
strategyandservicequalitypolicy.
Thisdocumentisdividedintothefollowingsections:
Section2specifiessiteconditions.ThoseconditionswereusedtomeasureKPIs
presentedinSections3and4.
Section3presentstheimpactofIPIubtransmissionnetworkimpairmentsoncertain
RU20KPIs.Section4presentstheimpactofIPIutransmissionnetworkimpairments
oncertainRU20KPIs.
Section4presentstheimpactofIPIutransmissionnetworkimpairmentsoncertain
RU20KPIs.
Section5includesthetestresultssummary.
Section6isanappendixwithmessageflowsand3GPPQoSparameters.Also,brief
ToPservicerequirementsarepresented.
NOTE:MeasurementsaredonewithRU20release.
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Measurementmethods
2 Measurementmethods
2.1 Introduction
Thissectionspecifiesthenetworkconditionsusedinalltests.
MeasurementmethodsaredoneinRU20release.
2.1.1 Generalassumptions
WhenintroducingPacketSwitchedNetwork(PSN)formobilebackhaulsolutions,atleast
thefollowingparametersneedtobedefined:
Staticdelay
PacketDelayVariationJitter
PacketLoss
KeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)areaffectedwhenadditionaldelayorincreased
packetlossisimposedbythemobilebackhaulnetwork.However,theinfluencemightbe
negligibleorevenacceptable.
TheimpactonKPIsdependson:
configurationofthenetworkelements(usedHWandinterfaces)
featuresandservicesused
loadconditions
2.1.2 Testnetworkarchitecture
DuringNokiaSolutionsandNetworkstransmissionlabteststhefollowingequipmentwas
used:
RNC196RU20OnToprelease
FlexiWCDABTSsystemmodule2:RU20OnToprelease
SGSN:J7
MSC:ME9
HLR:ME9
MGW:U47
FlexiISNRel4
ClientPCwithWindowsXPdefaultsettings
FTPServeronUbuntu
Listofactivefeaturesthatmayimpacttheresults:
RAN1262HSPAQoSAwareSchedulingYES
RAN1110HSDPACongestionControlYES
RAN992HSUPACongestionControlNO
Thelabtestconditionsassumegenericnetworkarchitecture.Thearchitectureis
depictedinFigure1IPIutests.
Issue:01A
DN0983316
Measurementmethods
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Figure1
IPIutests
2.1.3 Testsetup
Laboratoryconditions:
onesingleUE,ortwoUEsincaseofMobiletoMobilecallsetuptime,connectedto
anunloadedNodeB
wiredRFconnectionwith30dBattenuationbetweenBTSantennaandUE
bothHSDPAandHSUPAactiveinthenetwork
stationaryUEs,noHandover/nomobilitytakesplaceduringthetestingsession
staticradioconditions
IubIPbasedNodeBconnectedtotheRNCwitha100Mbpslink
RNCcommittedbandwidth90Mbps
IPbasedIuwith1Gb/s
InternalFlowControlsetOFF
timingoverPacketasasynchronizationsource
PacketStormIPnetworkemulatorwasusedtointroduceadditionaldelay,jitter,and
packetlossasdescribedbelow.
Bothuserandcontrolplanewereimpactedbyimpairments,asdescribedbelow.
Usedimpairmentsvalues(UL/DL):
10
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Measurementmethods
MeanDelay:10100ms,exponentialdistribution
Jitter:peak-to-peakvalue:2.5msonIuband10msonIums
PLR:0.1%onIuband0.05%onIu0.1%
Measurementsweretakenforfixedjitterandpacketlossvalueswhileapplyingdifferent
delaysettings.Graphsinthedocumentarepresentedasafunctionofonewaydelayon
testedinterface.SeeTable1Measurementsettingsforbothinterfaceforinterface
measurementdelay.
Table1
Measurementsettingsforbothinterface
Interface
delay(ms)
jitter(ms)
PLR(%)
Iub
10
2,5
0,1
Iu
10
10
0,05
PacketStormsettingswithexponentialdistribution
Averagedelayequalsdefineddelay
MindelayisAveragedelayjitter
Maxdelayisaveragedelay+6.62*jitter
Example:Delay=30ms,jitter=2.5ms
Averagedelay30ms,min27.5ms,max30+6.62*2.5=~50ms
JittersettingsofPacketStormnotused
Packetre-orderingoff
Figure2
Exponentialdelaydistribution
Thefollowingchapterscoverperformancedegradation,whenaboveconditionsare
appliedonIub-chapter3andIu-chapter4.Onlyoneinterfacewasimpactedatthe
time,astestswereexecutedseparately.
Issue:01A
DN0983316
11
Iubperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
3 Iubperformancevalues
3.1 ProcedureKPIs
ThissectionpresentsmeasurementresultsforseveralE2EKPIs:MobiletoMobilecall
SetupTime,RTTonDCHandHSPA,PDPContextAcceptTime,andHSPACallSetup
TimewithF-DPCH.Actualresultsarepresentedwithdarkbluediamondswhile
theoreticalcalculationswiththepinksquares.
3.1.1 MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime
MeasurementsweretakenwithNokia6260ClassicUEs.
Theexpectedresultintheworst-casescenarioforthefirsttripleshouldbe400mslonger
CallSetupTime.Thiscomesfromthefollowingcalculations(messageflowsin
appendix),seeTable2RationaleforCallSetupTime.
Table2
RationaleforCallSetupTime
MessageExchange
Delay(ms)
RRCmessages=2*8
160
NBAPmessages=2*6
120
NASmessages=2+3
50
Total
330
PacketLossimpact
Results
Figure3
12
IPIubdelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iubperformancevalues
M2MCallSetupTimewithoutimpairmentontheIubinterfaceis3.4s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases+280msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.In
addition,CallSetupSuccessRatewaschecked.Forallpointspresentedinthefigure,it
was100%.
3.1.2 PDPContextActivationAccept
MeasurementsweretakenwithaNokia6260Classic.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan150msforthefirst
triple.
Table3
RationaleforPDPContextAccept
Message
Exchange
Delay(ms)
RRC
messages=
10
100
NBAP
messages=2
20
Total
120
PacketLoss 1
impact
Issue:01A
DN0983316
13
Iubperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Results
Figure4
ImpactofIubdelayonPDPContextActivationTime
Withoutimpairments,PDPContextActivationAccepttakes1.75s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases+107msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.
3.1.3 HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
WithRU20newfeature-FractionalDPCHhasbeenintroduced.Theexpected
improvementisanHSPACallSetupTimeofaroundonesecond.
Measurementsweretakenwithnon-commercialUE.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan150msforthefirst
triple.
Table4
Messageexchange
Delay(ms)
RRCmessages=7
70
NBAPmessages=5
40
Total
110
PacketLossimpact
Figure5
14
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
ImpactofIubdelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iubperformancevalues
Withoutimpairment,HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCHtakes1.07s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases+110msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsoverlapwiththoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.
3.1.4 RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000;
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation:
UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:64kbps;DownlinkMaxBitRate384kbps
TOAWEandTOAWSsetrespectivelyto5msandto15ms
Pingreplyrequiresnomorethan+25msfor32byteandnomorethan+40msfor1400
bytepingforthefirsttriple.Theestimateddegradationcomesfromthefollowing:
additional10mspertransmissiondirectionforalltestcasesduetoPSNstaticdelay
forsendingthepingandpingreply
additionalimpactofpacketlossesfor32bytepingis+1.2msand+17msfor1400
byteping
Results
Figure6
Issue:01A
32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99
DN0983316
15
Iubperformancevalues
Figure7
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99
Withoutadditionalimpairments,105msRTTwasachievedfor32bytepingand323ms
for1400byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetime
increases+20msonaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsareas
expectedfromthecalculations.
3.1.5 RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000;
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation,UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:2000kbps;
DownlinkMaxBitRate4000kbps,HSUPA10msTTI
16
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iubperformancevalues
Results
Withoutadditionalimpairments,45mswasachievedfor32bytepingand82msfor1400
byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases20
msonaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpected
fromthecalculations;alsonolostpacketswereobserved.PLRimpactfromrationalwas
neglected.
Issue:01A
Figure8
32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA
Figure9
1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA
DN0983316
17
Iubperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
3.2 Throughputvs.impairmentvalues
FTPdatathroughputwasmeasuredunderlaboratoryconditions,tochecktheimpactof
theIPIubdelay,packetlossratio,andjitter.ThedelayimpactincreaseswhentheFTP
filesizedecreases.TCPWinsizeisanimportantfactorofFTPthroughputperformance.
Iftherearemanysmallfiles,whichistypicalforawebpage,theoverallresultscouldbe
worsethanthosepresentedinthefollowingfigures.See,Table5Configurations
checked.
Table5
Configurationschecked
HSDPA4Mb/s
HSUPA2Mb/s
HSUPA5.8Mb/s
R99
DL(kb/s)
4096
4096
4096
384
UL(kb/s)
2048
2048
6400
64
filesize
2.49GB
500MB
500MB
2.49GB
usedUE
Nokia6260Classic
Non-commercial
Nokia6260
Classic
withoutHSPA
3.2.1 HSDPAresults
Inthefigurebelow,thedependencyofHSDPAdatathroughputandIubdelayisshown
fortwojittersettingsandPLR0.1%.Thethirdcurverepresents2.5msjitterandPLR
0.5%.
Withdefaultsettings,throughputdegradationbelow25%wasreachedforadelayof80
ms.For200ms,a50%downgradewasmeasured.Whenincreasingjitterto10ms,a
50%downgradewasreachedwith175ms,whileforahigherPLRwith150ms.Asthe
delayincreases,thecurvesbecomesimilar.
Figure10
18
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iubperformancevalues
HSDPAvs.jitter
Issue:01A
Figure11
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitterwiderange
Figure12
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitter
DN0983316
19
Iubperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
HSDPAvs.PLR
20
Figure13
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLRwiderange
Figure14
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLR
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iubperformancevalues
3.2.2 HSUPAresults
TwoHSUPAservicesweretested:
2Mb/swith10msTTI
5.8Mb/swith2msTTI
Inthefollowingfigure,thedependencyofHSUPA2MbpsdatathroughputandIubdelay
isshownfordefaultimpairmentprofilejitter2.5msandPLR0.1%.
Figure15
HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay
HSUPA2Mb/sofferslowerabitrate,sotheimpactofimpairmentsshouldberelatively
low.Forupto40msdelay,degradationislow,below10%.With70ms,throughputisstill
higherthan1Mb/s.With100ms,halfofthestartingvaluewasreached.
Issue:01A
DN0983316
21
Iubperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
ThesameimpairmentprofilewasappliedtoHSUPA5.8Mb/s.
Withoutimpairment,4.4Mb/swasreached.With25ms,delayperformancedropped
about25%.Whenincreasingthedelayto75ms,throughputdroppedto50%ofthe
startingvalue.Witha100msdelay,1.8Mb/swasreached.
Figure16
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay
HSUPA5.8Mb/svs.jitter
WhentestingHSUPAagainstjitterwithaGaussiandistribution,thefollowingresultwas
achieved.
Figure17
22
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.Iubjitter
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iubperformancevalues
8msjitteristhelastpointwheretransmissionisabove4Mb/s.Whenreaching10ms,
themeasuredthroughputwas~150kb/s,buttransmissionwasstillpossible.Throughput
reached0with150ms.
HSUPA5.8Mb/svs.PLR
Figure18
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IubPLR
WithPacketLossupto3%,almostlineardependencywasmeasured.For5%,the
throughputwas~70kb/s,buttransmissionwasstillpossible.Throughputreached0with
50%PLR.
3.2.3 R99results
Forrelease99only10msjitterwith0.1%PLRwastested.Themaximumdelayapplied
was200ms.R99isveryresilientagainstallimpairments.For200ms,thedatarate
droppedabout21%.
Figure19
Issue:01A
R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay
DN0983316
23
Iubperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
3.3 Linebreaktests
ThepurposeofthistestcasewastocheckthesystembehaviorincaseofIublink
interruption.
3.3.1 RANbehavior
Witha5slinkbreak,thecellwasstillonair.NBAPwasnotreleasedandSCTPwasnot
aborted.TheonlyalarmvisiblewasBTSLOS,meaningnosignalisreceivedonthe
interface.NBAPwasreleasedwithSCTPabortwhenbreaklast7s.
3.3.2 Services
AMRCall
Thecallwasstillactivewitha2sbreak.From3to5sthecallwasre-established.
Startingfrom5sthecellwasdown.
R99&HSPANRT
Upto5sbreak,FTPtransferwascontinuedafterrecovery.TheRABwasnotreleased.
O&M-NetAct
MaximumtimeoutisdefinedintheRNC,asintervaltimer*maximumtimeoutcounter.
Withdefaultsettingsthiswouldbe30s*2=60s.Afterthattime,alarmFAILUREIN
WCDMAWBTSO&MCONNECTIONshouldberaisedandO&Mconnectiongoesdown.
24
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iuperformancevalues
4 Iuperformancevalues
4.1 ProcedureKPIs
ThissectionpresentsmeasurementresultsforseveralE2EKPIs:MobiletoMobilecall
SetupTime,RTTonDCHandHSPA,PDPContextAcceptTimeandHSPACallSetup
TimewithF-DPCH.Actualresultsarepresentedwithdarkbluediamondswhile
theoreticalcalculationswiththepinksquares.
4.1.1 MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime
MeasurementsweretakenwithNokia6260ClassicUEs.
Theexpectedresultintheworst-casescenarioforthefirsttripleshouldbe200mslonger
CallSetupTime.Thiscomesfromthefollowingcalculations(messageflowsin
appendix),seeTable6RationaleforCallSetupTime.
Table6
RationaleforCallSetupTime
Messageexchange
Delay(ms)
RANAPmessages=2*8
160
CCmessages=3
30
Total
190
PacketLossimpact
Results
Figure20
Issue:01A
IPIudelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime
DN0983316
25
Iuperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
M2MCallSetupTimewithoutimpairmentonIuinterfaceis3.7s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases+173msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.DuetoloadedCScore,resultsarescatteredaroundatrendline.Inaddition
CallSetupSuccessRatewaschecked.Forallpointspresentedinthefigure,itwas
100%.
4.1.2 PDPContextActivationAccept
MeasurementsweretakenwithaNokia6260Classic.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan85msforthefirst
triple.
Table7
RationaleforPDPContextAccept
Messageexchange
Delay(ms)
NASmessage=2
20
RANAPmessages=6
60
Total
80
PacketLossimpact
Results
Figure21
26
ImpactofIudelayonPDPContextActivationTime
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iuperformancevalues
WithoutimpairmentPDPContextActivationAccepttakes1.8s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases+77msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.
4.1.3 HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
WithRU20newfeature-FractionalDPCHhasbeenintroduced.Theexpected
improvementisanHSPACallSetupTimeofaroundonesecond.
MeasurementsweretakenwithnoncommercialUE.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan65msforthefirst
triple.
Table8
Messageexchange
Delay(ms)
RANAPmessages=6
60
PacketLossimpact
Figure22
Issue:01A
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
ImpactofIudelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
DN0983316
27
Iuperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
WithoutimpairmentHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCHtakes1.19s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases+61msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsareclosetothecalculations.Almostlinear
dependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.
4.1.4 RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000,
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation:
UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:64kbps,DownlinkMaxBitRate384kbps
TOAWEandTOAWSsetrespectivelyto5msandto15ms
Pingreplyrequiresnomorethan+25msfor32byteandnomorethan+40msfor1400
bytepingforthefirsttriple.Theestimateddegradationcomesfromthefollowing:
additional10mspertransmissiondirectionforalltestcasesduetoPSNstaticdelay
forsendingthepingandpingreply
additionalimpactofpacketlossesfor32bytepingis+1.2msand+17msfor1400
byteping
Results
Figure23
28
32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Figure24
Iuperformancevalues
1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99
Withoutadditionalimpairments,RTT128mswasachievedfor32bytepingand334ms
for1400byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetime
increases+20msonaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsareas
expectedfromthecalculations.
4.1.5 RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation,UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:2000kbps,
DownlinkMaxBitRate4000kbps,HSUPA10msTTI
Issue:01A
DN0983316
29
Iuperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Results
Withoutadditionalimpairments,46mswasachievedfor32bytepingand50msfor1400
byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases20ms
onaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpected
fromthecalculations,alsonolostpacketswereobserved.PLRimpactfromrationalwas
neglected.
30
Figure25
32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA
Figure26
1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iuperformancevalues
4.2 Throughputvs.impairmentvalues
FTPdatathroughputwasmeasuredunderlaboratoryconditions,tochecktheimpactof
theIPIudelay,packetlossratioandjitter.ThedelayimpactincreaseswhentheFTPfile
sizedecreases.TCPWinsizeisimportantfactorofFTPthroughputperformance.If
therearemanysmallfiles,whichistypicalforawebpage,theoverallresultscouldbe
worsethanthosepresentedinthefollowingfigures.
Configurationschecked:
DuringallFTPtransfertests,MTUsetontheFTPserverwasreducedto1450
bytes.
Table9
Checkedconfigurations
HSDPA4
Mb/s
HSUPA2
Mb/s
HSUPA5.8
Mb/s
R99
DL(kb/s)
4096
4096
13000
386
UL(kb/s)
2048
2048
6400
64
filesize
2.49GB
500MB
500MB
2.49GB
usedUE
Nokia6260Classic
Noncommercial
Nokia6260
Classic
withoutHSPA
4.2.1 HSDPAresults
Inthefigurebelow,thedependencyofHSDPAdatathroughputandIudelayisshownfor
jitter10msandPLR0.05%,whichisdefaultconfigurationforallIutests.
Throughputreached75%ofmaximumvalueforadelayof30ms.With100msdelay,
morethan50%ofstartingvaluewasmeasured.
Figure27
Issue:01A
HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay
DN0983316
31
Iuperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
4.2.2 HSUPAresults
TwoHSUPAservicesweretested:
2Mb/swith10msTTI
5.8Mb/swith2msTTI
InthefollowingfigurethedependencyofHSUPA2Mb/sdatathroughputandIudelayis
shownfordefaultimpairmentprofilejitter10msandPLR0.05%.
Figure28
32
HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Iuperformancevalues
HSUPA2Mb/sofferslowerabitrate,sotheimpactofimpairmentsshouldbelower.For
upto40msdelay,degradationisminimal,below10%.Fromthatpointthroughputdrops
lessthan100kb/switheveryadditional10msofIudelay.With100msIudelay,
throughputwasstillslightlyhigherthan1Mb/s.
ThesameimpairmentprofilewasappliedtoHSUPA5.8Mb/s.
With2msTTIHSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPtransferreached4.8Mb/s.Whenapplying
impairmentdefaultprofile,throughputdroppedto3.16Mb/swith10msdelayonIu.
Increasingdelaycausedfurtherdegradation.With40ms,onlyhalfofthenominalbitrate
andwith100ms1.5Mb/suploadwasmeasured.
Figure29
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay
HSUPA5.8Mb/svs.PLR
Figure30
Issue:01A
HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IuPLR4
DN0983316
33
Iuperformancevalues
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
PacketlossshouldnotbepresentontheIuinterface,asverysmallpercentageoflost
packetsimpactsallconnectionorientedservices,likeFTP.Almostlineardependencyin
themeasuredrangeispresentedwiththetrendline.Throughputdrops200kb/son
averagewithevery0.01%PLRonIu.With0.05%PLRusedindefaultimpairment
profile,thethroughputdroppedto3.58Mb/s.
4.2.3 R99results
R99isveryresilientagainstallimpairments.Withinthewholerange,throughputwas
higherthan370kb/swithdefaultprofile,seeFigure31R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IP
Iudelay.
Figure31
34
R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIudelay
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Summary
5 Summary
WhenintroducingimpairmentstotheRANinterfaces,theimpactoneachKPIis
dependentonthetypeofimpairmentandthetypeofbearer.Themeasuredvalues
presentedinthedocumentare:
alignedwiththeoreticalcalculations
throughputtestsresults,whichclearlydependonthebearerused
Itisimportanttonotethatenduserperformancedependsonatotaldelaybudget.
Graphspresentonlyadditionalonewaydelayinjectedtothetestedinterface.Testsfor
IubandIuwereexecutedseparatelyandtheresultsshouldnotbecombined.
IubandIuvulnerabilityvariesfordifferentimpairments.ForexamplePLRisvery
destructiveespeciallywithhighbitratesonIu.TodeliverserviceswithhighQoE,mobile
operatorshouldavoidpacketlossinthenetwork.
Measuredvaluesstronglydependonthenetworkconfigurationandsystemparameter
settings.ThereforeitcannotbeguaranteedthatexactlythesamemeasuredKPIvalues
canbereplicatedwithadifferentnetworksetup.
ThepresentedmaterialprovidestheinformationontheeffectontheQoSforthe
customerservicesintheeventofaparticulardelay,jitterandpacketlosscharacteristics
inthetransportnetwork.BasedonthestrategyforprovidingserviceswithacertainQoS
totheend-users,themobileoperatorshouldconsiderwhatQoS(delay,jitter,packetloss
andavailability)shouldbedemandedfromthetransportnetwork.Whenconsidering
theserequirements,naturallyalsocommercialandtechnicalfeasibilityshouldbetaken
intoaccount.
Issue:01A
DN0983316
35
Appendix
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
6 Appendix
6.1 IEEE1588v2TimingoverPacket(ToP)
Thefollowingnetworkengineeringrulesshouldbeobeyed:
maximumonewaydelayshouldbe<100ms
jitter<+/-5ms
packetloss<2%
Clockpacketstreamshouldhavethehighestpriorityoratleastthesamepriorityas
thereal-timetraffic.
syncpacketsreceiveexpeditedforwardingQoS
high-prioritytrafficshareofbandwidthshouldbe~60%orless
amaximumof20hopswithpacketswitchforlinksgreaterthanorequalto1Gb/s
ifMWRorconnectiongreaterthanorequalto1Gb/sisused,thenumberoftotal
hopsmustbesmaller:10
maximum6delayjumpsperday
LoadbalancingshouldnotbeusedtogetherwithToP.
Followingtheserecommendationsdoesnotguaranteeoperationwithinthe
specifications,becauseinsomenetworkstheremaybeexceptionallyhighloadlevelsor
manylinkswithlowbandwidth.Therefore,thetolerancespecificationsofToPclocksto
packetdelayvariationarebasedonMAFE(MaximumAverageFrequencyError)masks.
TheMAFEcurveofanetworkconnectioniscalculatedfromthepacketdelaysacrossthe
connection.Thecurveshouldremainbelowthemask.TheFlexiWCDMAbasestation
maskandaMAFEcurveareshownbelow.
MAFEisanewmetricproposedbyNokiaSolutionsandNetworks,toassesslinkquality
forthepacketsynchronizationsolution.Moreinformationcanbefoundindocuments:
NokiaSolutionsandNetworksSynchronizationSolutionforMBHonPacketNetworks:
TimingoverPacketandToPmonitoringguideline.
Figure32
36
FlexiWCDMAToPclockMAFEmaskandaMAFEcurveofahighly
stressedconnection.TauistheaveragingwindowsizeusedintheMAFE
calculation.
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Appendix
6.2 3GPPQoSrequirements
UMTSBearerServiceAttributesaredefinedin23.107document.
ThefollowingtableliststhevaluerangesoftheUMTSbearerserviceattributes.The
valuerangesreflectthecapabilityoftheUMTSnetwork.
Table10
3GPPQoSrequirements
Trafficclass
Conversational
class
Streamingclass
Interactiveclass
Backgroundclass
Maximumbitrate
(kbps)
<=256000(2)
<=256000(2)
<=256000(2)
<=256000(2)
Deliveryorder
Yes/No
Yes/No
Yes/No
Yes/No
MaximumSDUsize <=1500or502(4)
(octets)
<=1500or502(4)
<=1500or502(4)
<=1500or502(4)
SDUformat
information
(5)
(5)
Deliveryof
erroneousSDUs
Yes/No/-(6)
Yes/No/-(6)
Yes/No/-(6)
Yes/No/-(6)
Issue:01A
DN0983316
37
Appendix
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Table10
3GPPQoSrequirements(Cont.)
Trafficclass
Conversational
class
Streamingclass
Interactiveclass
Backgroundclass
ResidualBER
5*10-2,10-2,5*10-3,
10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6
5*10-2,10-2,5*10-3,
10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6
4*10-3,10-5,6*10-8
(7)
4*10-3,10-5,6*10-8
(7)
SDUerrorratio
10-2,7*10-3,10-3,10
-4,10-5
10-1,10-2,7*10-3,10
-3,10-4,10-5
10-3,10-4,10-6
10-3,10-4,10-6
Transferdelay(ms) 100maximum
value
300(8)maximum
value
Guaranteedbitrate <=256000(2)
(kbps)
<=256000(2)
Traffichandling
priority
1,2,3(9)
Allocation/Retentio
npriority
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
Sourcestatistic
descriptor
Speech/unknown
Speech/unknown
Signalling
Indication
1,2,3
Yes/No(9)
6.3 Messageflows
6.3.1 MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime
Table11
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
Uu
Iub
Iu
RRC:Connection-Request-->
<--NBAP:RadiolinkSetupNBAP:Radiolink-Setup-Response->
<-RRC:rrcConnectionSetupNBAP:RadiolinkSynchronization-->
RRC:rrcConnectionSetupComplete-->
38
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Table11
Appendix
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH(Cont.)
Uu
Iub
Iu
GPRS:ServiceRequest-->
GPRS:ServiceRequest-->
<--RRC:measurementControl
<--RANAP:CommonID<-RRC:imsi<-RANAP:SecurityModeCommand
<--RRC:securityModeCommand
RRC:securityModeComplete-->
RANAP:SecurityModeComplete->
<--RANAP:DirectTransfer<-GPRS:P-TMSIreallocation
command
<--GPRS:P-TMSIreallocationcommand
GPRS:ActivatePDPcontextrequest-->
GPRS:ActivatePDPcontext
request-->
RANAP:DirectTransfer-->
GPRS:P-TMSIreallocationcomplete-->
GPRS:P-TMSIreallocation
complete-->
RANAP:DirectTransfer-->
<--RANAP:RABAssignmentRequest
<--RRC:radioBearerSetup
<--RRC:measurementControl
RRC:radioBearerSetupComplete-->
RANAP:RABAssignmentResponse-->
<--RANAP:DirectTransfer
Issue:01A
DN0983316
39
Appendix
Table11
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH(Cont.)
Uu
Iub
Iu
<--GPRS:ActivatePDPcontext
accept
<--GPRS:ActivatePDPcontextaccept
RRC:RrcConnectionRequest-->
<--NBAP:RadioLinkSetupRequestFDD
NBAP:RadioLinkSetupResponseFDD-->
<--RRC:RrcConnectionSetup
RRC:RrcConnectionSetupComplete-->
RRC:InitialDirectTransfer-->
GPRSMM:SERVICEREQUEST
-->RANAP:InitialUE-Message-->
<--RRC:MeasurementControl
<--RRC:MeasurementControl
<--RANAP:CommonID
RLC:SRB2RRCSDUACK-->
<--RRC:MeasurementControl
NBAP:RadioLinkRestoreIndication-->
<-RANAP:SecurityModeCommand
<--RRC:SecurityModeCommand
RRC:SecurityModeComplete-->
RANAP:SecurityModeComplete->
RRC:UplinkDirectTransfer-->
GPRSSM:ACTIVATEPDP
CONTEXTREQUEST-->
RANAP:DirectTransfer-->
40
DN0983316
Issue:01A
ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
Table11
Appendix
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH(Cont.)
Uu
Iub
Iu
<--RANAP:RABAssignmentRequest
<-NBAP:RadioLinkReconfigurationPrepareF
DD
NBAP:RadioLinkReconfigurationReady->
<--RRC:RadioBearerSetup
<-NBAP:RadioLinkReconfigurationCommit
RRC:RadioBearerSetupComplete-->
Issue:01A
DN0983316
41