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Quadrilaterals

Top Definitions
1.

A quadrilateral is a closed figure obtained by joining four points (with no

three points collinear) in an order.

2.

A diagonal is a line segment obtained on joining the opposite vertices.

3.

Two sides of a quadrilateral having no common end point are called its
Two angles of a quadrilateral having common arm are called its adjacent

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opposite sides.
angles.

Two angles of a quadrilateral not having a common arm are called its

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opposite angles.

A trapezium is quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides are parallel.

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In the non parallel sides of trapezium are equal, it is known as isosceles

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trapezium.

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both the pairs of opposite sides

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are parallel.

A rectangle is a quadrilateral whose each angle is 90

A rhombus is quadrilateral whose all the sides are equal.

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A square is a quadrilateral whose all sides are equal and each angle is 90.

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A kite is a quadrilateral in which two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.

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Top Concepts
1.

Properties of parallelogram:
i

The opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel.

ii

A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it in two congruent triangles.

iii The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.

iv The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
v

The consecutive angles (conjoined angles) of a parallelogram are

supplementary.

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vi The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

2.

A diagonal of a parallelogram divides the parallelogram into two congruent

triangles.

3.

In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal.

4.

If each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal, then it is a

parallelogram.

5.

In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal.

6.

If in quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angles is equal, then it is a

parallelogram.
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

8.

If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect other, then it is a parallelogram.

9.

A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if a pair of opposite sides is equal and

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parallel.

Square, rectangle and rhombus are all parallelograms.

11.

Kite and trapezium are not parallelogram.

12.

A square is a rectangle.

13.

A square is a rhombus.

14.

A parallelogram is a trapezium.

15.

Every rectangle is a parallelogram; therefore, it has all the properties of a

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All the (interior) angles of are rectangle are right angles.

ii

The diagonals of a rectangle are equal.

Every rhombus is a parallelogram; therefore, it has all the properties of a

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parallelogram. Additional properties of a rectangle are:

parallelogram. Additional properties of a rhombus are:

i

All the sides of rhombus are equal.

ii

The diagonals of a rhombus intersect at right angles.

iii The diagonals bisect the angles of a rhombus.

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Every square is a parallelogram; therefore, it has all the properties of a

parallelogram. Additional properties of a rhombus are:
i

All the sides are equal

ii

All the angles are equal to 90 each

iii Diagonals are equal

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iv Diagonal bisect each other at right angle

v

Diagonals bisects the angles of vertex

18.

Sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 3600.

19.

Mid Point Theorem (Basic Proportionality Theorem): The line segment joining
the mid point of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third sides and
equal to half of it.

20.

Converse of mid-point theorem: The line drawn through the mid-point of one
side of a triangle parallel to the another side, bisects the third side.

21.

If there are three or more parallel lines and the interests made by them on a

transversal are equal, then the corresponding intercepts on any other

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transversal are also equal.

A quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of a

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quadrilateral, in order is a parallelogram.

Top Diagrams
A quadrilateral ABCD.

2.

A trapezium ABCD with sides AB || DC and non parallel sides AD and BC.

3.

A parallelogram ABCD in which AB||DC and AD||BC.

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A rectangle ABCD with AD||BC, AB||DC and A = 90 = B = C = D.

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A rhombus ABCD with AB = BD = CD = DA.

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A square ABCD in which AB = BC = CD, = DA and A = B = C = D =

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90.

7.

A kite ABCD with AB = AD and BC = CD

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Diagonal properties of special parallelograms:

Parallelogram Rectangle

Rhombus

Square

Diagonals bisect each other

Diagonals are equal

Diagonals bisect vertex angles

Diagonals are perpendicular to each

other
Diagonals from 4 equal triangle

Diagonals from 4 congruent

triangle

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The relations between special parallelograms can be represented by a Veen-

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diagram.

9.

Properties

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