DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL FOR NORMAL CONDITION MITHI KHADI

1.0

DESIGN DATA
Assumed S.B.C :20 t/m
Grade of concrete: M300
Tensile stresses in steel : 2750kg/cm
Stresses in concrete: 100.00 kg/cm

2.0

ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE

phi

= 30.000

delta = 20.000
alfa

= 4.538

= 0.000

For calculating the active earth pressure on substructures

Coulomb's theory will followed
Cos (phi-alfa)
-----------------------------------------------------------_
_
| Sin(phi+del)xSin(phi-i)
|
Cos(alfa)xCos(alfa+del) [1+Sqr |-----------------------|
|_ Cos(alf+del)xCos(alf-i) _|

Ka =

Ka = 0.3313
3.0

Forces due to Active earth pressure

3.1

Horizontal force due to Active earth pressure

Horizontal Coefficent of active earth pressure
Kah = Ka
kah = 0.331
P1

= 0.331*2.000*0.5*4.960*4.960
= 8.15 t

is acting at h/3 = 1.653 m.

Moment due to Horizontal Active earth pressure
M1 = 13.47 t.m
4.0

Forces due to live load surcharge

P2 = 0.331 x 1.200 x 2.000 x 4.960

= 3.943
Moment at base due to live load surcharge
M2 = 3.943 x 0.5 x 4.960 = 9.780 t.m.
Total Moment about toe M = M1 + M2-M1v
M = 23.25 t.m
6.0

LOADING AND MOMENT CALCULATION ABOUT X-X(Without Seismic)

-------------------------------------------------------------------Loading Calculation
Vert.
Hori.
L.arm
B.M
load
load
t
t
m
t.m
------------------------------------------------------------------Stem
Wall 0.5x0.35x4.41x2.5 =
1.929
1.317
2.540
Wall 0.20x4.41x2.5
=
2.205
1.100
2.425
Base slab
Toe
1.00x0.55x2.5
Toe
0.5x1.00x0.00x2.5
Mid. 0.55x0.55x2.5
Heel 1.80x0.55x2.5
Heel 0.5x1.80x0.00x2.5

=
=
=
=
=

Backfill & Surcharge

Backfill 1.80x4.41x2.00=
Backfill0.5x0.35x4.41x2.00=
Surcharge 2.15x1.20x2.00 =

1.375
0.000
0.756
2.475
0.000

0.500
0.670
1.275
2.450
2.150

0.688
0.000
0.964
6.064
0.000

15.876
1.544
5.160

2.450
1.434
2.275

38.896
2.214
11.739

Earth pressure
(1) Hori. comp.
=
8.150
1.653
-13.474
(2) Vert. comp.
=
0.000
1.550
0.000
(3) due to L.L.surcharge =
3.943
2.480
-9.780
-------------------------------------------------------------------Total
=
31.320
12.093
42.277
-------------------------------------------------------------------C.G. of loading from face of the toe due to vertical load
= 42.277 / 31.320
Distance x =

1.350 m

Eccentricity = b/2 - x
= ( 3.350/2- 1.350)
= 0.325 m
6.1

Base Properties
Area

= 1 x 3.350 m
=
3.350 m

Section modulus = (1* 3.350* 3.350)/6

= 1.870 m
6.2

Pressure Calculations
Minimum pressure Pmin = P/A - M/Z
= (31.32/ 3.35)-((31.32* 0.33)/ 1.87) t/m
= 3.90 t/m
Maximum pressure Pmax = P/A + M/Z
= (31.32/ 3.35)+((31.32* 0.33)/ 1.87) t/m
= 14.79 t/m

6.3

Check for overturning

Factor of safety against overturning
Overturning Moment = 23.254 t.m
Stabilizing Moment = 65.531 t.m
Stabilizing Moment
Factor of safety = ------------------Overturning Moment
65.531
Factor of safety = ----------23.254
= 2.82
> 2.0 ( hence safe)

6.4

Check for sliding

Factor of safety against sliding
u = tan(30.00)
= 0.577
Sliding Force

12.093 t

Vertical Force =

31.320 t

mu x Vertical Force
Factor of safety = -------------------Sliding Force
( 0.577 x 31.320)
= ------------------12.093
= 1.50

> 1.5
7.0

DESIGN OF STEM

7.1

Design Constant
modular ratio

(as per IS:456-2000, hence safe

= 9.33

1
K = ----------------rst
1 + ------m x rcb
= 0.25
J =

0.25
-----3

= 0.92
Q = 0.5 x100.00 x

0.92 x 0.25

= 11.60 kg/cm
7.2

AT BASE OF STEM
Moment due to active earth pressure
M1

0.331* 2.000* 4.410* 4.410*0.33* 4.410

= -------------------------------------2
= 9.470 t.m

Moment due to live load surcharge

Horizontal earth pressure due to live load surcharge
P2 = 0.331 x 1.200 x 2.000 x 4.410000
= 3.506
Moment at base of stem due to live load surcharge
M2 = 3.506 x 0.5 x 4.410 = 7.731 t.m.
Total moment
(A)

M = M1 + M2
= 17.201 t.m.

CHECK FOR DEPTH

dreq

M
----------(Q x b)

(17.201*100000)
-----------------------(11.597*100)

38.514 cm

< 55.00- 4.0 - 1.0 = 50.000, Hence O.K.

(B)

REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION
=

M
-----------------rst x J x d

17.201 x100000
---------------2750 x 0.92 x 50.00

13.664 cm

Area of steel required

0.12 x 55.00 x 100

--------------------100
6.60 cm

16.75 cm)

Minimum area of steel reqd =

Provide

16 dia

120

c/c

Distribution Steel on each face = 6.60 x 0.5

= 3.30
Provide 10
(C)

dia

150

c/c

cm

5.24 cm)

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Check for Shear As per IS:456-2000
Maximum shear stress Tmax = 22.000 kg/cm
Permissible shear stress
pt = 100 x Ast/(b x d)
= 0.30%
As per table 23, of IS 456
Tc = 0.25 N/mm = 2.50 kg/cm

cm

Shear due to active earth pressure

P1 = 0.5 * Kah * r * h * h
= 0.5 * 0.331 * 2.000 * 4.410 * 4.410
= 6.442 t.
Shear due to live load surcharge
P2 = 3.506 t.
Total shear

= P1 + P2
= 6.442 + 3.506
= 9.949 t.

Actual Shear Stress

v
----------b x d

9.95 x 1000
-------------100 x 50.00

1.99 kg/cm

< 2.50 kg/cm

Hence Shear reinforcement is not required
7.3

AT MID HEIGHT OF STEM

Moment due to active earth pressure
M1

0.331* 2.000* 2.205* 2.205*0.33* 2.205

= -------------------------------------2
= 1.184 t.m

Moment due to live load surcharge

Horizontal earth pressure due to live load surcharge
P2 = 0.331 x 1.200 x 2.000 x 2.205000
= 1.753
Moment at base of stem due to live load surcharge
M2 = 1.753 x 0.5 x 2.205 = 1.933 t.m.
Total moment

M = M1 + M2
= 3.117 t.m.

(A)

CHECK FOR DEPTH

dreq

M
----------(Q x b)

( 3.117*100000)
-----------------------(11.597*100)

16.393 cm

< 37.50- 4.0 - 1.0 = 32.500, Hence O.K.

(B)

REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION
=

M
-----------------rst x J x d

3.117 x100000
---------------2750 x 0.92 x 32.50

Area of steel required

3.809 cm
0.12 x 37.50 x 100
--------------------100
4.50 cm

Minimum area of steel reqd =

=
Provide

16 dia

240

c/c

8.38 cm)

Distribution Steel on each face = 4.50 x 0.5

= 2.25
Provide 10
(C)

dia

150

c/c

5.24

cm

cm)

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Check for Shear As per IS:456-2000
Maximum shear stress Tmax = 22.000 kg/cm
Permissible shear stress
pt = 100 x Ast/(b x d)
= 0.15%
As per table 23, of IS 456

cm

Tc = 0.200 N/mm = 2.000 kg/cm

Shear due to active earth pressure
P1 = 0.5 * Kah * r * h * h
= 0.5 * 0.331 * 2.000 * 2.205 * 2.205
= 1.611 t.
Shear due to live load surcharge
P2 = 1.753 t.
Total shear

= P1 + P2
= 1.611 + 1.753
= 3.364 t.

Actual Shear Stress

v
----------b x d

3.36 x 1000
-------------100 x 32.50

1.03 kg/cm

< 2.00 kg/cm

Hence Shear reinforcement is not required
8.0

DESIGN OF HEEL

|-----------|
|-----------|
|-----------|
9.76| /|\/|\/|\ | 3.90 + 1.38| \|/\|/\|/ | 1.38 + 8.82| \|/\|/\|/ |8 .82
t/m| | | | |t/m
t/m |
|
t/m|
|
|
|
|
upward pressure
self wt. of base slab
backfill
Moment at
=
face of stem

3.90x1.80x 1.80
------------------2

0.5x5.85x1.80x1.80
+ -------------------------3

1.38x1.80x 1.80
------------------2

0.5x0.00x1.80x1.80x1.80
- -------------------------3

(A)

8.82x1.80x 1.80
------------------2

9.48 - 2.23 - 14.29

-7.03 t.mt

0.00x1.80x1.80x1.80
- -------------------------3

CHECK FOR DEPTH

dreq

M
----------(Q x b)

(7.03*100000)
--------------(11.60*100)

24.62 cm

< 55.00- 5.0 - 1.0 = 49.00 cm., Hence O.K

(B)

REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION
=

M
-------------rst x J x d

7.03 x100000
---------------2750 x 0.92 x 49.00

Area of steel required

=
Provide 12
(C)

dia

180

c/c

5.70 cm
(

6.28 cm)

CHECK FOR SHEAR

S.F at the face of stem
= 3.90 x 1.80 + 0.5 x 5.85 x 1.80
- 1.38 x 1.80 - 0.5 x 0.00 x 1.80
- 8.82 x 1.80 - 0.5 x 0.00 x 1.80
= 6.06 t
Check for Shear As per IRC-21-2000 Clause 304.7
Maximum shear stress Tmax = 22.000 kg/cm

Permissible shear stress

pt = 100 x Ast/(b x d)
= 0.116%
As per table 23, of IS 456
Tc = 0.200 N/mm = 2.000 kg/cm
Actutal Shear Stress

v
--------b x d

6.06 x 1000
------------100 x 49.00

1.24 kg/cm

< 2.00 kg/cm

Hence, Shear reinforcement is not required
=

0.12 x 0.55 x 100 x 100

-----------------------------100

6.60 cm

Minimum area of steel reqd

Distribution Steel on each face = 6.60 x 0.5

= 3.30
Provide 10
9.0

dia 150

c/c

cm

cm

5.24 cm)

DESIGN OF TOE
|-----------|
14.79| /|\/|\/|\ |11.54 +
t/m| | | | |t/m
|
upward pressure

|-----------|
1.38| \|/\|/\|/ | 1.38
t/m|
|
|
self wt. of base slab

|--------------|
13.42| /|\/|\/|\/|\ |10.17
t/m| | | | | |t/m
|
Net Pressure diagram

13.42x 1.00x 1.00

= ----------------------- +
3

Moment at the
face of stem

(A)

4.47 + 1.69

6.17 t.mt

0.5x10.17x1.00x1.00
--------------------3

CHECK FOR DEPTH

dreq

M
----------(Q x b)

(6.17*100000)
----------------(11.60*100)

23.06 cm

< 55.00- 5.0 - 1.0 = 49.00 cm., Hence O.K.

(B)

REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION
=

M
-------------rst x J x d

6.17 x100000
---------------2750 x 0.92 x 49.00

Area of steel required

=
Provide 12
(C)

dia

180

c/c

5.00 cm
(

6.28 cm)

CHECK FOR SHEAR

S.F at effective depth from the face of stem
= 0.5 x 13.42 x 0.51 + 0.5 x 11.83 x 0.51
= 6.44 t
Check for Shear As per IRC-21-2000 Clause 304.7
Maximum shear stress Tmax = 22.000 kg/cm
Permissible shear stress
pt = 100 x Ast/(b x d)
= 0.114%

As per table 23, of IS 456

Tc = 0.200 N/mm = 2.000 kg/cm
Actutal Shear Stress

v
--------b x d

6.44 x 1000
------------100 x 49.00

1.31 kg/cm

< 2.00 kg/cm

Hence, Shear reinforcement is not required
=

0.12 x 0.55 x 100 x 100

-----------------------------100

6.60 cm

Minimum area of steel reqd

Distribution Steel on each face = 6.60 x 0.5

= 3.30
Provide 10

dia

150

c/c

5.24 cm)

cm

cm