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TALENT DOES THE TALKING

IBM & TCS

Sneha Sinha
PGDM(2013-15)

Table of Contents

Chapt

Page

er

No.

No.
Introduction
History of company:-

IBM
TCS

Mission and Vission:IBM

TCS

16

HR Policies

IBM
TCS

3
4

18
32

5
6
7
8
9
10

37
60
63
66
68
70

Executive summary

Acknowledgement

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an

American multinational technology and consulting corporation, with headquarters in Armonk, New

York, United States. IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware and software, and
offersinfrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe
computers to nanotechnology.[3]
The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)
through a merger of the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company,
and the Computing Scale Company.[4][5] CTR was changed to "International Business Machines" in
1924, using a name which had originated with CTR's Canadian subsidiary. The
initialism IBMfollowed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and
common use of the color in products, packaging, and logo.[6]
In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the No. 2 largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000
worldwide),[7] the No. 4 largest in terms of market capitalization,[8] the No. 9 most profitable,[9] and the
No. 19 largest firm in terms of revenue.[10] Globally, the company was ranked the No. 31 largest in
terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011.[11][12] Other rankings for 2011/2012 include No. 1 company for
leaders (Fortune), No. 1 green company in the U.S. (Newsweek), No. 2 best global brand
(Interbrand), No. 2 most respected company (Barron's), No. 5 most admired company (Fortune), and
No. 18 most innovative company (Fast Company).[13]
IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research. As of 2013 the company
held the record for most patentsgenerated by a business for 22 consecutive years. [14] Its employees
have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, tenNational Medals of Technology, and
five National Medals of Science.[15] Notable company inventions include the automated teller machine
(ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database,
the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, the Fortran programming language, SABRE
airline reservation system, DRAM, copper wiring insemiconductors, the silicon-on-insulator
(SOI) semiconductor manufacturing process, and Watson artificial intelligence.
IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its
business mix by exiting commoditizing businesses such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and
focusing on higher-value, more profitable businesses such as business intelligence, data
analytics, business continuity, security, cloud computing, virtualization and green solutions,[16][17]
[18]

resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins. IBM's operating margin

expanded from 16.8% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2013, and net profit margins expanded from 9.0% in 2004
to 16.5% in 2013.[19]
It acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning
off companies like printer manufacturerLexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal
computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014 IBM announced that it would
go "fabless" by offloading IBM Micro Electronics semiconductor manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, a
leader in advanced technology manufacturing, citing that semiconductor manufacturing is a capital

intensive business which is challenging to operate without scale.[20] This transition is in progress as of
early 2015.
HISTORY

In the 1880s, three technologies emerged that would form the core of what would become
International Business Machines (IBM). Julius E. Pitrat patented the computing scale in 1885;
[21]

Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888);[22] and Herman Hollerith patented the Electric

Tabulating Machine[23] and Willard Bundy invented a time clock to record a worker's arrival and
departure time on a paper tape in 1889.[24]
On June 16, 1911, these technologies and their respective companies were merged by Charles
Ranlett Flint to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R).[25] The New York Citybased company had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York;
Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto, Ontario. It manufactured and sold
machinery ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders to meat and cheese slicers,
along with tabulators and punched cards.
Flint recruited Thomas J. Watson, Sr., formerly of the National Cash Register Company, to help lead
the company in 1914.[25] Watson implemented "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer
service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and an evangelical fervor for instilling
company pride and loyalty in every worker".[26] His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for CT-R's employees, and within 11 months of joining C-T-R, Watson became its president. [26] The
company focused on providing large-scale, custom-built tabulating solutions for businesses, leaving
the market for small office products to others. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than
doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia, and
Australia] On February 14, 1924, C-T-R was renamed the International Business Machines
Corporation (IBM) citing the need to align its name with the "growth and extension of [its] activities
NACA researchers using an IBM type 704 electronic data processing machine in 1957

In 1937, IBM's tabulating equipment enabled organizations to process unprecedented amounts of

data, its clients including the U.S. Government, during its first effort to maintain the employment
records for 26 million people pursuant to the Social Security Act,[28] and the Third Reich,[29] largely
through the German subsidiary Dehomag. During the Second World War the company produced
small arms for the American war effort (M1 Carbine, and Browning Automatic Rifle). IBM provided
translation services for the Nuremberg Trials. In 1947, IBM opened its first office in Bahrain,[30] as well
as an office in Saudi Arabia to service the needs of the Arabian-American Oil Company that would
grow to become Saudi Business Machines (SBM).[31]

In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his
son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first
practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York,
laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience.
In 1957, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) scientific programming language was developed. In
1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became
company president. The same year IBM developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related
Environment) reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric
typewriter.
In 1963, IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flight of the Mercury
astronauts. A year later it moved its corporate headquarters from New York City toArmonk, New
York. The latter half of the 1960s saw IBM continue its support of space exploration, participating in
the 1965 Gemini flights, 1966 Saturn flights, and 1969 lunar mission.
On April 7, 1964 IBM announced the first computer system family, the revolutionary IBM System/360.
Sold between 1964 and 1978, it spanned the complete range of commercial and scientific
applications from large to small, allowing companies for the first time to upgrade to models with
greater computing capability without having to rewrite their application.
In 1974, IBM engineer George J. Laurer developed the Universal Product Code.[32] On October 11,
1973, IBM introduced the IBM 3666, a laser-scanning point-of-sale barcode reader which would
become the backbone of retail checkouts. On June 26, 1974, at Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio,
a pack of Wrigley's Juicy Fruit chewing gum was the first-ever product scanned. It is now on display
at the Smithsonian Institutions National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
In the late 1970s, IBM underwent a wave of internal convulsions between a management faction
wanting to concentrate on its bread-and-butter mainframe business and one desiring to expand into
the emerging personal computer industry.

Facilities[edit]
The company has twelve research labs worldwide, bundled under IBM Research and headquartered
at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York. Others include theAlmaden lab in
California, Austin lab in Texas, Australia lab in Melbourne, Brazil lab in So Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro, China lab in Beijing and Shanghai, Ireland lab in Dublin,Haifa lab, in Israel, India
lab in Delhi and Bangalore, Tokyo lab, Zurich lab and Africa lab in Nairobi.
Other major campus installations include towers in Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta; software labs
in Raleigh-Durham, Rome, Cracow and Toronto; Johannesburg, Seattle; and facilities
in Hakozaki and Yamato. The company also operates the IBM Scientific Center, Hursley House,

the Canada Head Office Building, IBM Rochester, and the Somers Office Complex. The company's
contributions to architecture and design, which include works by Eero Saarinen, Ludwig Mies van
der Rohe, and I.M. Pei, have been recognized. Van der Rohe's 330 North Wabash building in
Chicago, the original center of the company's research division post-World War II, was recognized
with the 1990 Honor Award from theNational Building Museum.

Research and inventions[edit]

An anechoic chamber inside IBM's Yamato research facility

In 1945, The Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory was founded at Columbia University in New
York, New York. The renovated fraternity house on Manhattan's West Side was used as IBM's first
laboratory devoted to pure science. It was the forerunner of IBM Research, the largest industrial
research organization in the world, with twelve labs on six continents. [70]
In 1966, IBM researcher Robert H. Dennard invented Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
cells, one-transistor memory cells that store each single bit of information as an electrical charge in
an electronic circuit. The technology permits major increases in memory density and is widely
adopted throughout the industry where it remains in widespread use today.
IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in
1998.[71] The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the
IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kerneldevelopers.[72] IBM has also
released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software
frameworkEclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation),[73] the threesentence International Components for Unicode(ICU) license, and the Java-based relational
database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not
been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).
In 2013, Booz and Company placed IBM sixteenth among the 20 most innovative companies in the
world. The company spends 6% of its revenue ($6.3 billion) in research and development.

IBM Corporation International Headquarters:

The IBM international corporate headquarters are located in Armonk, NY.
IBM Corporation Mission Statement and Values:

The mission, vision, and values of the IBM corporation has been the same since the company
was incorporated in 1911. In 2003, more than 319,000 global IBM employees (IBMers)
participated in a 72-hour Values Jam, which redefined the values which guide IBM in the
development and delivery of its technology and business products and services. The Values
that were designed from the consensus of the IBMers are:

"Dedication to every client's success

Innovation that matters, for our company and for the world

Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships"

How these IBM values are used by the IBM leadership team is described this way by IBM CEO
Samuel J. Palmisano:
Clearly, leading by values is very different from some kinds of leadership demonstrated in the
past by business. It is empowering, and I think that's much healthier. Rather than burden our
people with excessive controls, we are trusting them to make decisions and to act based on
values - values they themselves shaped."