A Microcomputer Program To Determine

Publication No.
FHWA-SA-92-045
May 1993
GEOTECHNOLOGY
U.S. Department
of Transportation
Federal Highway
Administration
EMBANK
A Microcomputer Program to
Determine One-Dimensional
Compression Settlement Due to
Embankment Loads
Users Manual
Office of Engineering
Office of Technology Applications
400 Seventh Street, SW.
Washington, D.C. 20590
Innovation Through Partnerships
NOTICE
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Departnient of Transportation in the interest
of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use
thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or
manufacturers names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this
document.
Technical
Report No.
2. Government Accession No.
Report Documentation
Page
3. Recipients Catalog No.
FHWA-SA-92-045
Title and Subtitle
5. Report Date
EMBANK: A Microcomputer Program to Determine

One-Dimensional Compression Settlement Due to
Embankment Loads
Author(s)
6. Performing Organization Code
8. Performing Organization Report No.
Dr. Alfred0 Urzua

Performing Organization Name and Address
PROTOTYPE Engineering Inc.

57 We&land Avenue
Winchester, MA 01090
Thie document was prepared

by George Tiller of AEPCO,
Inc. under the direction of Dr.
Urzua.
!. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

11. Contract or Grant No.
DTFH61-91-P-01097
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Highway Administration
Office of Technology Applications
Washington, DC 20590
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
5. Supplementary Notes
FHWA Contracting Officers Technical Representative: Chien-Tan Chang (HRT-10)

Technical Consultants:
Richard Cheney, Jerry A. DiMaggio, Chris Dumas (HNG-31)
3. Abstract
The objective of this report is to introduce a microcomputer program for computing one-dimensional
;ompression vertical settlement due to embankment loads. The program follows the equations
presented by Lambe &Whitman (1969). Ladd (1973), and Poulos & Davis (1974). For the case of a
Strip symmetrical vertical embankment loading, the program superimposes two vertical embanknent loads. For the increment of vertical stresses at end of fill, the program internally superimpos55 a series of 10 rectangular loads to create the end-of-fill condition.
The report presents the equations and analytical procedures utilized by the program and examples
2f the capabilities of the user-friendly data entry form. The computer program is coded in the Turbo
Pascal 4.0 language and takes full advantage of the stand-alone, (single-user) characteristics
of
the IBM-PC through the use of friendly input menus and data-checking routines.
The code implements copyrighted portions of the microcomputer programs SAF-I and STRESS
developed by PROTONPE Engineering, Inc., Winchester, MA, and uses the screen editor Turbo Magic
From Sophisticated
Software.
18. Distribution Statement
7. Key Words
embankment, settlement, vertical stress,

one-dimensional, compression, void ratio
9. Security Classification (of this report)
Unclassified
Form DOT F 1700.7 (12-92)
No restrictions.
This document is available to
the public through the MClrans Support
Center, University of Florida
20. Security Classification (of this page)
21. No. of Pages
Unclassified
Reproduction of completed page authorized
22. Price
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction ......................................................................................
One-Dimensional Compression ..................................................
Soil Model .........................................................................................
Determination of Changes in Void Ratio ..................................
Determination of Vertical Strains ...............................................
Determination of Vertical Stress .................................................
Interactive Data Entry and Output Results ..............................
References ........................................................................................
12
Appendix A ......................................................I*..*.........*.*..........*.....
37
Appendix B .......................................................................................
38
Example 1 ...........................................................................
64
Example 2 ...........................................................................
99
Example 3 ...........................................................................
130
Example 4 ...........................................................................
.. .
ill
List of Figures
Figure
Page
Elastic medium underone-dimensionalcompression............. 7
Compressioncurve and compressibilityparameters

void ratio vs. consolidationstress&add 1973) ....................... 7
Compressioncurve and compressibilityparameters

vertical strain vs. consolidationstress&add 1973) ................ 8
Embankmentloading and parameters

(Poulos& Davis 1974) ...........................................................8
Superpositionschemefor symmetricalembankment
loading .....................................................................................
9
Superpositionschemeto model end of embankment

loading .....................................................................................
9
Transformationof end of embankmentto equivalent

rectangularloads .....................................................................
10
Parametersfor the determinationof incrementsof vertical

stressunderthe comer of a rectangularload .......................... 10
Superpositionschemeto determineincrementsof vertical

stressat any point undera rectangularload ............................ 11
10
Example 1: settlementof symmetricalembankmentload ...... 39
11
Example 2: approachembankmentsettlement........................65
12
Example 3: highway embankmentsettlement........................

,100
13
Example4: embankmenton layeredsoil ................................131
iv
List of Tables
Table
Page
Example 1: summaryof clay settlements................................. 39
Example2: summaryof surfacesettlements.......................... 65
Approachembankmentsettlement:summarycalculations
for incrementof stressesat depthZ = 12.5 feet ...................... 69
for incrementof stressesat depth 2 = 17.5feet ...................... 70
for incrementof stressesat depth Z = 22.5 feet ...................... 71
for incrementof stressesat depthZ = 27.5 feet ...................... 72
Approachembankmentsettlement:summary calculations
10
Example3: summaryof surfacesettlements ..... ..................... 100
11
131
Example4: settlementsat point A ....*.......*.*.*.........*..*..*.......***
EMBANK
EMBANK
A Microcomputer Program to Determine OneDimensional Compression Settlement Due to
Embankment Loads
Introduction
An important part of the designof embankmentfoundationsare analysesto

predict settlements.When settlementsor differential settlementsexceed
given tolerances,the overall safetyand/or functionality of the structures
may be endangered.
The objective of this report is to introducea microcomputerprogram for
computingone-dimensionalcompressionvertical settlementdue to
embankmentloads. The programfollows the equationspresentedby Lambe
& Whitman (1969), Ladd (1973), and Poulos & Davis (1974). For the case
of a strip symmetricalvertical embankmentloading, the program
superimposestwo vertical embankmentloads. For the incrementof vertical
stressesat end of fill, the program internally superimposesa seriesof 10
rectangularloadsto createthe end-of-fiil condition.
The report presentsthe equationsand analyticalproceduresutilized by the
programandexamplesof the capabilitiesof the user-friendlydataentry
form. The computerprogram is codedin the Turbo Pascal4.0 languageand
takesfull advantageof the stand-alone(single-user)characteristicsof the
IBM-PC throughthe useof fiiendly input menusand data-checking
routines.
The codeimplementscopyrightedportions of the microcomputerprograms
SAF-I and STRESSdevelopedby PROTOTYPE Engineering,Inc.,
Winchester,MA., and usesthe screeneditor Turbo Magic from
SophisticatedSoftware.
One-Dimensional
Compression
One-dimensionalcompressionrefersto situationswhere groundsettlement

occursexclusively due to vertical straining of the soil mass,that is, when
there are no lateral strains.Geologic processesof uniform loading and/or
unloadingof large areasof soil are good examplesof one-dimensional
compressionconditions.While theseconditions arerarely perfectly
encountered,reasonableapproximationsoccur when the foundationsare large
in relation to the soil thicknessor when the points of interestfor settlement
computationsam far from the edgesof the loadedareas.
For the most generalcaseof an elastic medium of finite thicknessH, as
depictedin figure 1, the vertical deformationof an elementat a distancez
underthe surfaceis given by
6p=E(Z)sz
(1)
whereE(Z)describesthe variation of vertical strain with depth.

The total deformationis given by:
H
P=
& (z) 62
(2)
EMBANK
When a discretevariationof vertical strain versusdepthcan be established
and the compressiblematerial canbe divided in sublayers,within which the
stmin levels remainconstant,equation[2] becomes
,=tAHi=
cn EiHi
(3)
i=l
i=l
in which:
A.H;= thicknesschangeof sublayeri
Hi = initial thicknessof sublayeri
Ei = vertical strain in sublayeri
n = numberof sublayers
Equations(1) through (3) are valid for any kind of material where
deformationis proportional to strain. In the particular caseof soil, which
is a multi-phasematerial,vertical strainsunderone-dimensional
compressionconditionsare the result of changesin the void ratio (e), so that
mi
Ei = Hi
= -
&
l+fQj
(4)
in which:
Aq = changein void ratio for sublayeri = ef - cot
% = final void ratio for sublayeri
% = initial void ratio for sublayeri
Equation(3) then becomes:
(5)
Soil Model
Equations(3) and (5) arevalid for estimatingone-dimensionalcompression

settlementsof any kind of soil, cohesiveor cohesionless,provided a
relationshipbetweenstressand strain or void ratio can be established. Such
a relationshipcan be determinedby running oedometertestson
representativeundisturbedsoil samples.Figure 2 (Ladd 1973)showsa
typical compressioncurve from oedometertestresults,where valuesof void
ratio areplotted versusvertical effective stresson a semi-log scale. A
bilinear model is regularly adoptedto approximatelyrepresentthe void ratio
versusvertical effective stressrelationshipfor a loading condition. The
linear portions of the model arerepresentedby:
C, = compressionindex
C, = recompressionindex
For casesof one-dimensionalunloadingor reductionof vertical effective
stresses,the relationshipcan be representedby a third parameter,C, =
Swelling Index. In most casesthe valuesof C, and C, are very similar.
2
EMBANK
The maximum pastpressure,&,, can be understoodas a yield stress,

which establishes the limit betweenthe recompressionand virgin regions.
Overconsolidated(OC) soils are thosewhere the in situ overburdeneffective
stress, E,O,is smaller than ?&. The ratio
is called the OverconsolidationRatio. For Normally Consolidated(NC)

soils, OCR = 1.
Figure 3 &add 1973)showsa compressioncurve from oedometertest
resultswherevaluesof vertical strain versusvertical effective consolidation
stressare plotted on a semi-log scale.In this casethe model is describedby
the Virgin CompressionRatio (CR), the RecompressionRatio (RR), and
the Swelling Ratio (SR). The following relationshipsexist betweenthese
parametersand the Virgin Compression,Recompression,and Swelling
indices, C,, C,, and Cs, respectively,
cc
CR= 6%
(I+ e0)
C,
RR= ~
(W
(1 + e0)
c,
SR= (fw
(I+ e0)
whereec is the initial void ratio.
Determination of
Changes in Void
Ratio
The valuesof Ae = ef, - egi to input in equation(5) dependon the final

stresslevel within eachsublayer. If k?vfdoesnot exceedem, the reduction
in void ratio for the soil in sublayeri is:
(7)
If the final stress&fs greaterthan avrn,the value of Ael is:
Aei = eJ - eui = Cr log vm
When unloading(reductionof effective stresses)occurs,the void ratio

increasesand the soil swells. The incrementin void ratio is
EMBANK
wherethedifferenceby2- Zvl represents

theeffectivestressreduction.
Determination of
Vertical Strains
Equation(3) canbeusedto evaluatethesoil deformations.

Theexpressions
for verticalstrainsfor a givensublayercanbeobtainedfrom equations(4),
@a),and(6b).
#en GVfdoes
notexceed,, the verticalstrainis:
If thefinal stressZ$is greaterthan am, the verticalstrainis:
Ei = RR log
(11)
For unloadingconditionstheverticalstrainis
&i=- cslog-%
2
I1oy
(12)
wherezV2- O,l is thereductionin effectivestress.

Determlnatlon of
Vert lcal Stress
To useequations(6) through(12),theprogrammustcomputethe
incrementsof verticalstressasa functionof depthfor thefollowing two
typesof loads.
Strip Symmetrical Embankment Loading
PoulosandDavis(1974)presentanequationfor theincrementof vertical
stresses
dueto a verticalembankment
loadingon thesurfaceof a semiinfinite mass
EMBANK
(13)
wheretheparametersaredefinedin figure 4.
For symmetricalembankmentloading, the load is divided into two equal
vertical embankmentcomponents,and the contributionsof both are added
(seefigure 5).
End of Embankment Loading
To computethe incrementof vertical stressesdue to an end-of-embankment
condition, EMBANK superimposesa seriesof 10 flexible rectangularloads.
Figure 6 shows the superpositionscheme.
If the end of the embankmentis modeledas shown in figure 7a, then the
coordinatesthat determinethe size of eachof the rectangularloadsare given
by the expressionsin figure 7b. The value ymax= yl + lob is internally
definedin the program.
The usermust selectthe Strip SymmetricalEmbankmentloading option to
computeincrementsof vertical stressfor points beyond y = yr + 5b.
For a rectangularload the incrementof vertical stressbeneaththe comer of
the loadedareais (poulos and Davis 1974)
(14)
wheretheparametersaredefinedin figure 8.
Figure 9 shows the application of the superpositionprinciple for points
inside andoutsiderectangularloadedareas. For the end-of-fill condition, a
seriesof similar superpositionschemesare applied for eachone of the 10
remngular loads.
Interactive Data
Entry and Output
Results
Input screensand menusare employedto enter the necessarydatafor the

analysis. An input screenconsistsof a graphical display defining the data to
be enteredand an areato query the userfor the data. Menusare usedto
selectthe entry of optional dataand to control program operation. The
output of the program is compactbut complete.It includes an echo print of
the input data (embankmentgeometry,soil parameters,etc.) and the
computedtotal settlement. The output screensalso include distributions of
effective, increment,and maximumpast pressurestressesand settlement
with depth.
Appendix A containsa compilation of all the EMBANK computerscreens.
Appendix B containsfour sampleruns with handcomputations,showing
copiesof the actual input screens,menus,and output result screensusedby
the program for eachone of the four examples.
EMBANK
References
Ladd,C.C.(1973),EstimatingSettlementof Structureson Cohesive

Soils, Presentation
preparedfor theFoundations
andSoil Mechanics
Division of the ASCE,April 9-10, 1973.
Lambe,T.W. andWhitman,R.V. (1969).Soil Mechanics,JohnWiley and
Sons,New York.
Poulos,H.G. andDavis,E. H. (1978),ElasticSolutions for Soil andRock
Mechanics,JohnWiley andSons,New York.
EMBANK
,-Infinitely
Extended Uniform Load
+
incompressible
Boundary
Figure1. Elasticmediumunderone-dimensional
compression
2.8
2.6
Q,
6
6
u
Q
2.4
2.2
2.0
-----_
-
1.8
----a__
--
--
--.
Swelling A Index, C,
1.6
I
1
10
20
50
CONSOLIDATION STRESS, if,,(TSM)
Figure2. Compression
curveandcompressibilityparameters
void ratiovs.consolidationstress&add 1973)
100
EMBANK
w
--Ir\
-======I
l=--A--
---_
Recompression
---
Virgin Compression Aab
Ratio, RFI
J --.-
\\ f
CR
----p=--+
---___
30
----_
---___
T--4Swelbng
Swelling Ratio,
Ratio, SR
SR f
I
35
40
1
10
20
I
50
CONSOLIDATION STRESS, QTSM)
Figure 3. Compressioncurve and compressibilityparameters

vertical strain vs. consolidationstress(Ladd 1973)
Figure 4. Embankmentloading and parameters

(Poulos & Davis 1974)
1 I1
100
EMBANK
a+b
a+b
Figure5. Superposition
schemefor symmetricalembankment
loading
-----_--~~-----~~~~-~- -L,,
---------------------f 10
L----------------,------------------------------
b, or b,
Figure6. Superposition
schemeto modelendof embankment
loading
EMBANK
Figure 7. Transformationof end of embankmentto equivalent

rectangularloads
Uniform Vertical
Stress/Unit Area
R , = (12+ z2)2
i
Z
R, = (t? +z2)2
R3 = (I2 + d
+ 22)2
Figure 8. Parametersfor the determinationof increments

of verticalstress
underthecomerof a rectangular
load
EMBANK
CJ= p (k, + k, + k, + kJ
a=~(k,+2+3+4-k2+4-k3+4+k4)
(b) Exterior Point
(a) Interior Point
Figure 9, Superpositionschemeto determineincrementsof vertical

stressat any point undera rectangularload
11
EMBANK Appendix A
Appendix A
12
Appendix A
EMBANK Appendix A
Appendix A containsa compilation of theEMBANK programscreens.

To bring up EMBANK, first move to the directory or subdirectorywhere you have installed the program.
Then type the foIlowing at the DOS prompt
EMBANK
and press the <Return/Enter> key.
EMBANK loadsand returnsthe openingscreenas shownbelow:
one
I tiicrocomputer
prograrc
for
computing
dirrennional compression uertical
settlement
due
to enbankment loads. The program
follow
the
equations
presented
by Lanbe&Uhitrcan
<1969),
Ladd <1973) and PoulonEDauin <1974).
For
the
case of a strip symetrical
vertical
errbankment
loading
the program superiMposer
tuo
uartlcal
embankvent loads. For the incrsnent of uarticrl
the
stresses
at
end of
fill,
program
supcri~poses
Uersion
a series
of rectangular
PROTOTYPEEWCINEERINCINC.
57 Uertland tinue
Ulnchester.
IW 81898
(617) 7294363
Attn.
Urrua
loads.
1991
2. Wtktober
Dr. Alfred0
Hit
<FIB> to continue
From the openingscreen,pressthe <FlO> key to continue.EMBANK displaysthe Main Menu screen
showing all the options available to the user:
FEDERAL HIGHUW lDllIHISTRAtION
II illcrocomputer
program for
computing
one
dirmnsfonal
compression
vertical
settlertent
due to eebanknent loads. The progralr follous
the equations
presented
by LambeRUhitnan
<1969), Ladd <t973) and PouloaEDauls <1974).
For the case of a strip
synnctricsl
ucrtlcal
eabanknent
loading the program superimposes
tuo
vertical
enbanknent
loads.
For
the
lncrancnt
of vertical
stresses at end of
fill,
the progran
superImposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
Run progrm
Exit to DOS
PROTOTYPERNGINEERINGINC.
57 Uestland &m-me
Uinchastar,
HA MS96
<617) 729-p63
Mtn. Dr. Alfred0 Urzua
then 4-i b Make selection.
In general,the following rules apply:

1. To move betweenthe options, usethe up (T) and down (J) arrow keys or pressthe highlighted capital letter of your selection.EMBANK will selectthe option with that letter.
2. To makea selection,highlight the option of your choice and hit <Return/Enter>.
3. The bottom line of eachEMBANK screenexplains the operationsyou can perform and the
keys required to perform thoseoperations.
4. To exit a screenor to abort to the Main Menu, pressthe cESC> key.
13
EMBANK Appendix A
With the highlight on the Project Definition field, hit <Enter/Return>;EMBANK respondswith the
Project Definition screen:
PROJECTDEFIHITIOH
Hlcrocarrputc
Client
ProJact Name
Project flanagcr
File Name
Date
Computed by
= Any cllsnt
q
Highuay Embankment
= llr. John Doe
= EXAllPLEl . Ellg
= 3/16/92
<tlWDD/YY,
=m
s increment
L
dimensional cog
due to cmbankne
the equations
<1969), Ladd <l Hit <FM> to accept values For the case of
INEERIN6 INC.
enbankaent
loadlng the program superimposes
57 Uestland FIwnue
tuo vertical
embanknent
loads.
For the
Ulnchester,
Hi? 81830
Lncrerrent of vertical
stresses
at
end of I
<617) 723-2363
fill,
the progran
superimposer
a series of
Mtn. Dr. Cllfredo Urzua
rectangular
loads.
I
II
I
I
After the project is defined,press<FlO> to acceptthe values.EMBANK returnsto the Main Menu screen.
(It is important to note that EMBANK functionseven if the Project Definition values-Client, Project
Name,etc.-are not entered.)
If the userselectssoil Profile and soil param., EMBANK displaysthe following screen:
II tlicrocomputar
program for
computing
one
dimensional conprcssion
vertical
settlement
due to embankment loads. The program follous
the equations
presented
by Lambe&Uhitrtan
(1969). La&l <1973) and PouloseDauis (1974).
sywetrical
vertical
enbankuent loading the prograrc superlnporrs
loads.
tuo uertlul
embankment
For the
increnent
of uertlcal
stresses at end of
fill,
the program superimposer
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then U
14
Exit
to DOS
PROTOTYPEENGINEERINGINC.
57 Uestland Avenue
Uinchester,
tl+l 61833
4617) 723-2363
Attn. Dr. Alfrcdo Urrua
b Naks selection.
<Esc> b Main Nenu
EMBANK Appendix A
The compressibility of the soil can be expressedeither as void ratio or strainper Alog stress.With the
highlight on Void ratio per Alog stress,press&nter/Retunu. EMBANK displaysthe soil profile input
screen:
Layer
Nurtber
Sublayer
Elau.
of top of layer
lea.89
Number of sublayers
1 (for
Unit
= 1lS.W
- Layer
1
--------I_
Sublayer
Sublaycr
weight of soil
layer)
Type of layer
soil
Layer
prapcrtlts
=
l@iiiB4
- Layer
2
Sublayer
this
CoMpression Index
Estil
Recompression
Estimated
from e-logp
curuas
Estimated
from e-logp
curues
Index
I urues
2
S&Jelling Index
Is this
the last
bar
ttJ+-Moue
layer
of profile
No
lilt <FlB> to continue

Esc-Exit
J-Select
The elevationof the top of layer 1 can be between-999.00and 9999.00ft.: the compressiblelayerscan be
divided into 1 to 10 sublayers;and the value of the total unit weight of the soil rangesbetween62.4 and
250.0 pcf.
EMBANK acceptstwo typesof layers:compressible(it settles)and incompressible.If the user highlights
Incompressible followed by cEnter/Return>,EMBANK returnsthe following screen:
Layer
Nut&w
Sublayer
--__-_--
Eleu.
Unit
Sublayer
Sublayer
---------
of top of layar
Number of sublayers
1
Layer
1
-------I_
Sublayer
ueight
of soil
lfM.fM
1 <for
Type of larr
this
layer)
llS.eE
= lncotipressible
Layer
2
2
Is this
the last
layer
of profile
Hit
Space Bar-Next
Ltem
<F16> to continue
mt-n-nenu
For incompressiblelayers,the compressibilityparametersare not required.The user selectsthe Compressible/Incompressibleoption by pressingthe spacebar key or the Alt-M key combination to display the menu
options.
15
EMBANK Appendix A
If the soil layer is compressible,the programpromptsthe user for the Initial void ratio or the Initial
water content.
The next screenshowsthe useroptions:
Layer Nurtber =
Sublayer 1
-_--_------. Layer
1
Sublaycr
Sublayer
Elau. of top of layer
188.88
Number of sublayers
1 <for this
Unit ueight
= 115.88
propart1as
Compression
-we------
- Layer
2
Conpresslble
Type of layer
Layer soil
Sublayer
of soil
layer)
Indaw
Esliv
Index Eati
Recompression
2
Suelling
Index
Estimated
Is this
the last
layer
rlogp
from
of proflle
CUFJ~S
No
Hit <FlB> to continue

and then <Rat) to input ualuas
Prass space bar to sea menu optlona
EMBANK usesthe following equationbetweenvoid ratio and water content: Gw = Se.

When <Enter/Return>at the Initial void ratio highlight is pressed,the programresponds:
Layer
Initial
Uoid Ratio
Hit <FM>
IL
to accept
--------Layer
1
-------Sublaycr
Sublaycr
-------Sublayer
1
1
3
I
Sol1 Properties
Layer
2
= w
ualues-II
f layer
188.09
ayers
1 <for this
Unit weight of soil
Type of layer
Layer soil
properties
= Initlal
Cofipression
Index
Recompression
layer)
llS.ee
COapIeSSibh3
wld
ratlo
Estimated
fror! a-logp
curves
Index Estimated
from a-logp
curues
Estimated
from a-logp
curues
2
Suelling
Index
Is this
the last
layer
of profile
No
Hit <FM>
The programallows for void ratios between0 and 5.0.
16
to continue
EMBANK Appendix A
On the other hand, if the userselectsInitial watercontent, EMBANK displaysthe following screen:
Layer
Initial
Soil
Uatcr
Specific
PrPpertier
Content
Graulty
of Solids
= lW.e82
Hit <FlB> to accept
---------Sublayer
Sublaycr
Layer
2
1gB.M
1 (for
this
layer)
values =
Type of layer
Layer soil
= Initial
properties
Corcpression
----------Sublayer
layer
= m
Degree of Saturation
-
33.88%
Estimated
Index
Raconprassion
Cowprerrible
Index Estixated
uatcr
content
from slogp
cuwes
from e-logp curves
2
Suelling
Is this
Index
Estimated
last
the
layer
fron e-logp
of proflle
curues
t+o
Hit <Fig> to continue
The valuesof initial water contentcan rangebetweenw = 0% to 900%.

During data entry, the usercan exit to the Main Menu by pressingthe &SC> key. EMBANK responds
with the following display:
Layer Sol1 PAperties

Initial
Uater
Specific
Content
Grauity
of Solids
= p&z&q
= 199.98z
Degree of Saturatlon
-
lee.88
yers
1 (for
a011
= 115.88
Hit <FlB> to accept values 1

1
-------_I
Sublayar
Sublayer
Type of layar
Layer soil
= Initial
properties
Compression Index
---------
thls
layer)
Comprasslble
uater
content
Computed using FtDM1982)
1
3
1I
Layer
2
Sublayer
I11
-~CIDHIWISTRIWON
Index Computed using
Recorcpression
Welling
Index
Is this
the last
FHUcI<1982>
Same as recofipresslon
layer
of profllc
index
No
A Y answerwill return the program to the Main Menu without savingthe screeninformation. If the user
selectsN, the program continues.
17
EMBANK Appendix A
The next stepis to define the compressibilityindices.For the CompressionIndex, the userhasthe option
of enteringa value as obtainedin an oedometertest or using an empirical relationshipbetweenCcand the
initial water contentproposedby FHWA in the Soils and Foundations Workshop Manual (1982). The
following screendisplaysthe options:
Layer Soil
Pr
1
1
3
I
ILayer Nunber =
Sublayer
Eleu.
of top of layer
lB8.m
Number of sublayers
1 <for this
Unit ueight
= ii5.w
Layer
1
_____-___Sublaycr
Sublayer
Layer
2
of soil
Type of layer
Layer sol1 properties
= Initial
Conpression
Sublayer
layer)
Index
Conprestlble
uatcr
:,
content
.*
:;~;-~;;:xlndex
vv
1s this
the last
layer
of proflle
No

and then <Ret> to Input values
Press space bar to see wmu options
Thesetwo options are available to the useronly if the Initial water content option is selected.If Initial
void ratio is highlighted, the compressionindicescan not be computedusing the FHWA (1982) procedure.
If the userselectsEstimated from e-logp curves, EMBANK responds
Input
Ualue of
Conpression
lndex
Hit <FlB> to accept value
Sublayer
Layer
1
Sublayer
Unit ueight
1 <for this
layer)
of soil
115.BB
Type of layer
Layer soil
= Initial
properties
Corcpresslble
uatcr
content
1
Estimated
from a-logp
curuee
Index Estimated
from e-loge
curues
Estimated
from e-logp
curves
Compression Index
--------Sublayer
Number of sublayers
1
Layer
2
Recompression
Suelllng
Index
Is this
the last
layer
of profile
No
Hit <FlO> to continue
where the values of the CompressionIndex can vary between0 and 5.0.
18
EMBANK Appendix A
If the FHWA (1982) empirical procedureis selected,EMBANK shows
r-
CoAprersion
Index
The Federal
Highuay Adninistration
and Foundations
Uorkshop
Manual
Compression
Index
by dividing
moisture
content
by lge.
i-1
sol1
<FIBA> in the
<1%X) cstlnates
the
the
initial
soil
II
this
Index = Initial
Coup.
uhere
constant
L-
Uater
Content
<in
layer)
%> / Constant
= 188
Constant
Hlt
<FM>
I-----------
= m
to accept value
Corrpression
Index
Computed
using
FHUA<1982~
Layer
Recompression
Index
Swelling
Index
Is thls
the last
Estimated
from e-lagp
curves
Estimated
from e-logp
curves
layer
of proflle
No
~Hit<Fl8>tocontinue~
wherethe constantcan vary between0 and 200 with a default value of 100.
For the RecompressionIndex the userhasthe sametwo options as for the CompressionIndex:
co:-,
Layer
Number =
Sublayar
-,
Elcu.
of top of layer
lW.tM
Number of sublayars
1 (for
Unit
= 115.88
Layer
1
Sublayer
Sublayer
ueight
Layer
2
of sol1
Type of layer
Layer
Sublayer
this
layer)
soil
properties
Compressible
= Initial
Compression Index
Corcputed
Reconpresrlon
Index
uater
content
using FHLMI982~
2
SucIIing
Is thls
Index
the
last
lay
Hit
Press spaca bar to see ~IW
options
19
and than
<Ret>
<FM> to continue
to
input
values
EMBANK Appendix A
If the Estimated from e-logp curves option is selected,the programdisplays
Input
Value of
Reconpression
Index
= m
Hit <Fig> to accept value of sublayers
xumbsr
Sublayar
iee.ee
Unit ueight
-_--_------Sublayar
Sublayer
Layer
1
of sol1
1 <for this
layer)
= ll!I.BB
Iypa of layar
Layer soil
= Initial
properties
Compression Index
Layer
2
Sublryer
Recortpresrlon
Conpresslbla
uater
contsnt
Computed using FHUcI<l992~
Index Estimated
from e-log-p curues
2
Welling
Index
Estimated
Is thls
the last
layer
froo
of profllc
tilt
e-Iogp
curves
tb
<FM> to continue
where the RecompressionIndex can vary between0.0 and 5.0.

If the FHWA (1982) method is selected,the programshowsthe following screen
I
ReLonpression
Index
Ihc Federal Highuay Adninirtratlon

and Foundations
Uorkshop Ilanual
Recompression
Index
by dividing
nolsture content by 1888.
Recoup. Index = Initial
Uater
uhere Constant
= 19gB
Constant
Hit
<FtWcI~ in the
<1982>
the
soiIs
csticratcs
Initial
the
soil
is
Content
<in
layer)
%> / Constant
lble
= m
<FM> to accept values

Corrprsasion
Layer
2
Sublayer
Index
Recorrpression
ter
Computed
using
content
FtWcI<l982~
Index Computed using FtWKI982)
2
Suelling
Index
1s this
the last
Estimated
layer
from e-logp
of profile
Hit
curves
No
<FM> to continue
in which the constantcan vary between500 and 2000 with a default value of 1000.
20
EMBANK Appendix A
For the Swelling Index, EMBANK hastwo optionsas displayedin the next screen:
Aeconpresrion
Layer
thmber
Sublayer 1
__--____--Layer
1
Sublaycr
Sublayer
of top of layer
190.88
Number of sublayers
1 (for
Unit ueight
= 115.0e
of soil
Type of layer
Layer soil
= Initial
properties
Coaprehsion
Layer
2
Sublayer
l----l
=
Elm.
Index
layer)
Conpresslble
uatrr
content
Computed using FlUhX198Z~
Index
Recompression
this
Index Computed using FHlJM1982)
2
Suelling
Index
Is this
the last
lay-,
Press space bar to see mmu optlans
and then <Ret> to input
ualuss
If the userselectsEstimated from e-logp curves the program shows
Input
Ualue of
Sublayer
--------
Hit
Suelllng
index
iee.ee
<FM> to accept value

Number of sublayers
- Layer
1
_-----e-m--
Sublayer
Sublaycr
Unit weight
= iis.BB
of soil
Type of layer
Layer
soil
propcrtlcs
Comprssaion Index
- Layer
2
Sublayer
1 (for
this
layer)
Recompression
Coapressible
= Initial
uater
content
Conputsd using FHtM19821
Index Computed using FtiWKl982~
2
Suelling
Index
Is this
the last
Estimated
layer
frorc e-logp
of proflle
Hlt
curues
No
<FIB> to continue
where the Swelling Index can vary between0 and2.0.

The other option is to selectthe Swelling Index as having the samevalue as the RecompressionIndex
(commonengineeringpractice).
21
EMBANK Appendix A
The next stepis to define the end of the soil profile. If layer i is not the last layer of the soil profile, the user
respondsNO to this entry. EMBANK displaysthe following screen:
1'
Layer Number =
Sublayer
--------I
Eleu. of top of layer
MB.00
Number of sublayers
1 <for this
Unit ueight
= 115. w
Layer
1
Sublayer
Sublsyer
of soil
Type of layer
Layer toll
= Initial
propertles
Conprehsion
Layer
2
Sublayer
layer)
Index
Recoapression
Compressible
uater
content
Conputed using FHlJfi<1982~

982)
Index Conputed using
2
Suelling
Index
Is thlr
the last
+tl+-Moue
Sane as recosp
layer

Em-Exit
d-Select
bar
of proflla
index
After<FlO> is pressedto continue,EMBANK displaysthe following input screenfor layer 2:
Layer
NUHber
Eleu. of tap of layer
euebe
Sublayer 1
-__--__---
-__--_---Sublayer
Sublayer
1
- Layer
2
Upper Bound:
of soil
99.99
Il.88
Type of layer
Coepm?&ble
Layer coil
= Initial
ueight.
properties
Corcpression
----------Sublrycr
Large -->
iiB.BB
Unit
- Layer
1
TOO
Estimated
fron
e-logp
curves
Index Estimated
from
e-logp
curues
from e-logp
curves
Index
Recompression
void ratio
Hit
Suclllng
Index
Is this
the last
<F9> to Preu.
Estimated
layer
Layer -
of profile
No
Hit <FlfD to continue
For layer 2 the elevationof the top of the layer must be smaller than the elevation of the top of layer 1. If
the user inputs an elevation for layer i+l greaterthan that for layer i, EMBANK trapsthe error as shown
above.The <F9> key permits the user to return to the previous layer.
22
EMBANK Appendix A
The userinputs the information for layer 2 (layer 3, etc.) in the samemanneras for the first layer. If layer i
is the last layer of the profile, the useranswersYes to the last questionas follows:
I
II====-=7
Layer Nurtber = 2
Sublayer
mee
Number of sublayers
5 <for
Unit ueight
= ite.ee
Elsu.
of top of layer
1
3
I
layer)
1
Layer
1
e------m---
Sublaycr
Sublaysr
of soil
Type of layer
Layer soil
= Initial
uold ratio
Estimated
from a-logp
curues
Index Estimated
from e-logp
curuos
Estimated
from e-logp
curues
propertlcs
Compression Index
Layer
2
Sublayer
this
Recompression
Compressible
Hit
Suelllng
Index
Is this
the last
<F9> to Prar.
Space Ear-Next
layer
of proflle
Layer -
ltsm
fut-N-Nanu
.I
The last stepis to define the elevationof the bottom of the last layer of the soil profile. EMBANK displays
the following screen:
11Layer
Number =
Sublayar
---------
Number of sublayers
88.88
5 <for this
layer)
1
61~.
of bottom of last
layer
= m
Compression Index
Estimated
from e-logp
curues
Recompression
Estimated
from e-logp
curves
Estimated
from
l -logp
curues
Index
Suelllng
Index
Is this
the last
layer
Hit <F9> to Preu. Layer -
of profile
Hit
Yes
<FM>
to
continue
Press<FlO> to continue and return EMBANK to the Main Menu screen.

If the userhighlights Strain per Alog stressin the soil Profile and soil param.menu,EMBANK displays
the following soil profile input screen
23
EMBANK Appendix A
Layer Nurrber =
Sublayer
1ee.m
Number of sublayers
5 (for
Unit
= 115.w
this
layer)
1
Layer
1
Sublayer
Sublayer
weight of soil
Type of lawr
Coflpresslon
Ratio
Rscoap-ion
----------Sublayer
.
1
Layer
z
Suelling
Conpresrlble
e.zw
Ratio =
8.848
Ratio
2
Is this
the last
Hl
+tJ+-Moue
bar
J-Select
Esc-Exit
in which the compressibilityparametersare defined in termsof strain versusAlog stress.The input to this
screenis similar to the one for void ratio versusAlog stress.
After the elevationof the bottom of the last layer is entered,EMBANK returnsto the Main Menu the
cF10> key is pressed.
If the user selectsWater table definition, EMBANK showsthe water table definition input screen:
FEDERQLHIGHUFIYADllINISTRATION
soil
lject Definition
Profile
and soil
pra
E:1 ~plllll
Ill
I
paran.
II
Stress ;I;storly
Uertieal
stress increment
-__ _- JI
1 -_
Lbter Table Definitton
v
Units
I Lle
I
Elev.
of Yater Table
b lllcrowmputer
pro
Hit <FM> to accept values
dlmcnsionrl
conpress
due to cnbankmnt loa
the equations
presented
by La~bcSlJhitnan
<1969>, Ladd <lS73 and PoulosEDauis (1974).
PROTOTYPEEl%INEERING YNC.
For the case of a strip symmetrical vertical
superimposer
57 blestland hJF.nue
embanlment loading the progras
Ulnchester,
tW 81898
tuo vertical
embankment
(617) 729-2363
increnent
of vertical
stresses at end of
Attn. Dr. Cllfredo Ursua
a series
of
fill,
the program superimposes
EMBANK defaultsthe elevation of the water table at -999.90 ft. After the water table is defied, press
cF10> to acceptthe value and return to the Main Menu.
24
EMBANK Appendix A
If the userselectsStresshistory, EMBANK displays
I
tlicrocomputer
program for
computing
one
dinensional
compreooion
vertical
settlenent
due to enbankment
loads.
The program follow
the
equations
presented
by LanbeWhitman
(1969),
Ladd <1973> and Poulos&Dauim
<1974>.
For the case of a rtrlp
sylrmetrlul
vertical
embankment loadlng
the program
superimposes
For
the
loads.
tuo
vertical
embankment
fncrcxcnt
of
vertical
stresses
8t
end of
fill,
the program supcrixposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
E
I
PROTOTYPE EWANEERING INC.
57 Uestland
Avenue
Utnchester,
IlA 81898
<617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
Urzua
t Hake selection.
<Es&
b tlain
Menu
The programdefaultsto a normally consolidatedsoil. If the soil is preconsolidated,the User defined stress
history option must be selected.EMBANK displaysthe following screen:
must be defined
for
< Program interpoletcs
complete
linearly
Spaca Bar-Next
profflc
soil
bctuccn
points
item
25
Alt-tl-bnu
EMBANK Appendix A
The userhasup to 10points to define the soil stresshistory for the completesoil profile. A minimum of
two points are required,and the programinterpolateslinearly betweenpoints. The next screenshowsa
typical entry screenfor the last point of the stresshistory.
E:MEM ru
-
A
df
du
th
<I
FO
en
User Defi incd
Is2
STRESSHISTORY
Naxinun Past Pressure uith Elcu.
UARNING : Haxlwx past pressure us. Eleuation
must be deflncd far complete soil profile
< Program interpolates
llncarly
between points
Elcu.
Last point
tlaxlxurr Past Pressure
cm. ee
reL
Hit
<FS> to preu.point,
ENGINEERINGINC.
st land Ruenuc
star, Nfi 81898
7) 729-2363
r. Rlfredo Urrua
<Fl8> to accept values
Space Ear-Next
item
Alt-tl-Nenu
When the <FlO> keyis pressed,the programacceptsthe dataand returns to the Main Menu.
If the userselectsVertical stressincrement horn EMBANKs main menu screen, the program showsthe
following screen:
II I
I I
EM
I uro.iect
A Nicrocomputer prograx foe

dimensional compression
uer
the equations
presented
by La&&Uhitnan
<1969), Ladd <1973> and PoulosRDauls <1974).
For the case of a strip ryxaetrical
wrtical
enbanknent loading the program superinposes
loads.
For the
tuo vertical
embankment
incrclrent
of uertlcal
stresses at end of
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loads.
L
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrows
than
26
Deflnltlon
Y
p
57 Uestland avenue
Ulnchester,
tlA 81898
<617) 729-2363
Attn. Dr. Alfredo Urzua
t Ilake selection.
<Esc> b Ilain tlsnu
EMBANK Appendix A
By pressingthe cEnter/Retunu key, the userselectsthe highlighted strip Symmetricalvertical embankment loading option. EMBANK displaysthe following screen:
Q SYNBECRICAL UERTICAL EllBANKllENT LOAD L

UERIICCIL EllBllNKllMT
Embank. slope
a
hbank.
uidth
b
coordinate
11111111
111111111111
~llIlllllllllbll---x.
.
-.
.
.
--
POINTS FOR CONPUTATIONOF

SETTLEMEWT
calculate
in
=
x
= MB.88
= 15.88
= 128.86
Height of fill
H
Unit ucight of fill
FCWDMION ELEU.
2 = 1ee.w
ncrenmt
at
ill,
of vertical
stresses
the program
ruperinposes
vctangular
loads.
a series
tTl+-flaue
end
soil pararc.
ition
Layer 1
Layer 2
of
of
$-Select
bar
t
H
ERIIY; INC.
Auanus
fi 61898
(617) 729-u63
Mtn.
Dr. fblfredo Urzua
<Fl8> to accept values
Hit
n I
1
FOOTING
= 2e.w
&c-Exit
The geometry,load, and coordinate(s)of the point(s) where settlementis calculatedare enteredinto this
screen.Note that the visual aid doesnot representthe actual geometryof the load: its objective is to guide
the userin the datainput process.
EMBANK can computethe settlementin a point or in the X-Direction.
If the userselectsthe computationof settlementin a point, EMBANK displays the following screen:
SYtlllETRIC/lL UERTICAL EtlBiWKt!ENT LOID

UERIICAL EnBANKtlENT
Embrnk. slope
a
Embank. uidth
b
Height
of fill
H
Unit ueight
of fill
FOOTING
b-i
= 2e.m.~
= 15.w
= 129.W
= X Point
=m
coordinate
n
1
-I .
11111111
111111111111
Lllllllllllllll--I-+
-M----c
.
.
-.
.
--
POINTS FOR COHPlJTcITloN OF
SETTLEHENT
calculate
in
-I
= 1w.w
soil
pararc.
ition
Layer 1
Layer 2
2
FOUNDCITION ELEU.
2
sp
1ee.ee
ERING INC.
luenua
A et890
4 Hit <FM> to accept ualues *
increment
of vertical
stresses
IIi?ill,
the progran
superimposes
1w&angular loads.
at end
a series
27
of
of
Attn.
<617) 729-2363
Dr. Alfrado Urzua
EMBANK Appendix A
For a given set of input parameters,pressthe spacebar if settlementcalculationsare desiredfor more than
one location. Delta x is the incrementof distancebetweenthe xl and x2 coordinateswhereEMBANK will
calculatesettlement.Example: xl = O.OO,
x2 = 60.00and delta x = lO.OO,EMBANK will calculate
settlementsat x = O, lo, 20, 30, 40, W, and 60.
SYMETRICAL UERTICAL EtlWtlENT
LOAD -
--I 1
r -1
I
11111111
UERTICFlL E?lWWlENI FOOTIN

Enbank. slops
a
q
am
Embank. uldth
b
q
1ae.w
Height of fill
H
= IS.88
Unit uelght of fill
= 128.88
111111~~1111
Ii
1111111111111111-JX--c
POIHTS FOR MnWTBTIOti OF

SETTLEHENT
calculate
in
= X Direction
8.88
Xl coordinate
=
x2 coordinate
=
68. BR
=m
delta x
soil
pararc.
ition
Layer 1
2
I * Lawr
21
I-*-
) POCKY.
ERIWG INC.
Avenue
a fli898
Hit <Fig> to accept values

lncrsaent
of wrtlcal
stresses
fill,
the program superinpores
rectangular
loads.
at end
a series
of
of
(617) 729-2363
Dr. Alfred0 Urzua
bttn.
The last entry on this screenis the Foundationelevation.This option permits the placementof the load at
an elevation smaller than the elevationof the top of the soil profile. EMBANK provides the rlltemativeof
computing the initial effective stressby consideringthe completesoil profile or correcting the applied load
by discountingthe effect of the excavatedsoil. A typical input screenis as follows:
SYtNlETRIChL UERTIWL
EtlBANKHEN'C LOlD
UERTICFlL E?lBlWKIlENTFOOTING
= 28.88
EMbank. slope a
Embank. width
b
= lee.88
Height of fill
H
= 15.88
unit ueight of fill
= ize.ea
xl coordfnate
x2 coordinate
delta
FWHDQTIOH ELEU.
2 = 98.88
8.80
=
=
68.86
le. 88
Layer 1
Hlt <FlR> to accept

at
effect
Depth = m
ualues
end
a series
bar
Layer
excaurtlon
as gatma*Foundrtion
+tl+-Hew
sol 1 pararr.
ltlon
t
z1--
Corcpute
inc-nt
of wrtlcal
stresses
Fill,
the program
superimposes
rectangular
loads.
11111111
llJ411&&1&4&
1(111WW11-7~
n+
.
.
-.
POINTS FOR COtiPUT~TIOHOF

SETTLMENT
= X Direction
calculate
in
n
1
c-1-
of
of
d-Select
28
qvi!!
Attn
Erc-Exit
ERIm: INC.
awlws
A 81898
29-2363
1f redo Urzus
EMBANKAppendixA
If the userexits to the Main Menu by hitting the <ES3 key, EMBANK will respondwith the following
screen:
SYtQlETRICClL VERTICAL EIWIWHENT
LOFID
UERTICAL EIIBWKHENT FOOTlN6

Enbank.
slope
Embank. uidth
b
Weight of flll
H
Unit ueight of fill
2e.m
= ree.ee
=
15.88
128.88
11111111
111111111111
FOUNDATIOH ELEU.
2=
.
.
I
z-1--
le. ee
Hit
Layer 2
effect
Depth = m
at
Till,
of wrtlcal
stresses
the program
supcrinposcs
wctangular
loads.
a serlcs
Space Bar-Next
end
r UC
eri
Abori t c
<FLB> to accept ualuen
Lncrenent
.-
8. ee
68. ee
Compute excavation
as gamma*Faundation
98.88
Layer
= X Direction
=
=
=
llllllllllIlllll-l-+
l-.4- ..
POINTS FOR COHPLITI~TION OF
SETTLEHEW
calculate
In
xl coordinate
x2 coordinate
delta Y
n
so i 1 pan.
itloll
of
of
Rttn.
<617) 729-2363
Dr. Alfred0 Urzua
I
filt-II-Hanu
iten
A Y answerwill exit the program to the Main Menu without saving the information alreadyentered.If
the userselectsN, the programcontinues.The cFlO> key accepts(saves)the valuesand EMBANK
returnsto the Main Menu screen.
From the Main Menu, selectVertical stressincrement followed by increment of stressesBeneaththe
end of a fill. EMBANK showsthe following screen:
Henu
icrocomputar program fo
dinensional- corrpresoion
uer
due to embankment loads. The progran follour
presented
by LanbeWhitnan
the equations
<1969), Ladd <1973 and Poulor&Dauis (1974).
symmetrical wrtlcal
embankment loading
the prograrr
superinposes
For
the
1oads.
tuo
vertical
ertbanknent
increment
of
ucrtlcal
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the Progran
superimposes
a rerlrs
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
lattur
only,
or USB arrows then 4
29
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERING INC.

57 Uestland Avenue
Uinchestcr,
HR 81898
(617) 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Alfredo
Urzua
b Make selection.
<Esc>
Nain
Nanu
EMBANK Appendix A
Press<Enter/Return>to make the selectionand EMBANK displaysthis screen:
END OF FILL CONDITION
CHARKTERISTICS OF FILL
Height of fill
=
Uidth of top of fill
IJ =
Unit weight of fill
q
COORDIWTES
Point A: xl =
Point B: x2 =
tl
e.ee
38.88
15.80
58.88
-1
i&l
psraa.
lza.BB
yl =
y2 =
e.ee
38.80
ading
POINTS FOR CONPUTATIONOF SETTLENENT

calculate
in
=
xi coordinate
= ,
/
/
wz coordinate
delta x
y coordinate
FOUNDATIONELEU.
I=
--J
Hit <PM> to accept values

+tl+-tlouc
bar
~-Select.
rzua
Em-Exit
EMBANK hasa XYZ coordinatesystem,where the X and Y axesare the horizontal componentsand Z is
the vertical component.The XY diagramat the top of the screenis a plan view of the embankment.The ZY
diagram beneaththe plan view is an elevationview or crosssection.The correct orientation of the elevation
view is to picture it from the right side of the embankment,looking towardsthe XY origin, that is, towards
the left. The Y direction is consistentin both the plan and elevationviews. Point A in the plan view is at the
bottom of the slope: it is normally the origin of the XY axis. Point B in the plan view is locatedat the top of
the slope.Negative XY valuesare possiblebecauseEMBANK hasthe ability to computesettlements
outsidethe embankmentarea.
The 2 componentis the foundationelevationand is the elevation of the soil profile wherethe embankment
constructionbegins,that is, the bottom of the embankment.The magnitudeof the Z componentmust be
consistentwith the elevation given in the Soil Profile and Soil Parametersscreens.Example:Ground
surfaceelevation value input for layer 1 in the Soil Profile and Soil Parameterscreenis 100.Layer 1 is a
5 foot thick layer of highly compressibleorganic material that will be removedprior to embankment
construction.The foundation elevationz in the caseis 95.
If the userselectsthe computationof settlementin a point, EMBANK displays the following screen:
END OF FILL CONDITION
CHflRKTERISTICS OF FILL
= is.88
Weight of fill
Uldth of top of f 111 u = 58.88
Unit ueight of fill
= 1ze.88
COORDII(ATES
Polnt A: xl =
Point 8: x2 =
e.ee
38.08
yl =
yZ =
a.aB
38.88
POINTS FOR COtlWTATION OF SETTLEHENT

calculate
in
= X Point
x coordinate
=
38.ee
/
/
Y -/I
coordinate
Zm
FOUHDIWONBLEU.
L = 188.88
-
Hlt
<FlB> to accept valuer
30
t
H
EMBANK Appendix A
If calculationof settlementin the X-direction is required,EMBANK promptsthe userfor the information
displayedon the next screen:
ENDOF FILL CWDITION
CHARIlCTERISfICS
OF FILL
= 15.88
Height of fill
Uidth of top of fill u = 58.98
= 1ze.m
Unit ucight of fill
COORDINMES
Polnt A: xi = 0.00
Pofnt 8: x2 = 38.88
yl
yz
e.m
38.88
RimEdI
adlng
POINTSFORCOllPUTlTIONOF SETTLEflENT
/
calculate In
= X Direction
/
xl coordinate
=
8.88
xi! coordinate
= 88.88
Y -/--I
delta x
y coordinate
t
H
FOUNDRTION
ELEU.
2 = iae.ee
Hit <FM> to accept ualues
The last entry on this screenis the Foundationelevation.This option permits the placementof the load at
an elevationsmaller than the elevation of the top of the soil profile. The program computesthe initial
effective vertical stressby consideringthe initial soil profile and allows the userto correct the applied load
by discountingthe effect of the excavatedsoil.
A typical input screenfor this caseis shownbelow:
ENDOF FILL CONDITION

CHRRACTERISTICS
OF FILL
= 15.m
Height of fill
Uidth of tap of fill u = 5R.W
q
iz9.m
Unit ueight of fill
COORDtHATES
Point A: xl = e.ee
Point R: x2 = 38.80
pararc.
yi = 8.88
y2 = 30.88
POINTSFOR WtlWTRIIOti OF SETTlJ2iENT

= X Direction
calculate in
e.ee
xl coordinatm
=
x2 coordinte
= 8e.m
= 10.00
delta x
y coordirutm
= JB. eo
FOUNDF\TIW
ELEU.
P = 98.W
-
/
/
Y --/
T
Ii
1
Corrpute excauation effect

as ganru*Foundation Depth = m
bar
J-Select
-9
INC.
e
98
rzua
Hlt <FM> to accept values ttt-b-tfouc
Erc-Exit
Pressingthe &lo> key accepts(saves)the values, and EMBANK returnsto the Main Menu screen.
31
EMBANK Appendix A
With the highlight on the system of Units field, hit <Enter/Return>.EMBANK respondswith the Unit
Systemscreen.This is an informational screenthat definesthe systemof units required by the program.
FEDERfiL HIGHUAY ADHIHISTRATION
I Nlcroconputcrp
* Loa;j
Stress
<pressure)
* Unlt uclsht
- Unit might
of
uater
defaults
to
* Settlenent
: pounds
: psf
: pcf
dlnanrional
conpre
due to embankment
the
equations
pr
: 62.4 pcf
(1969).
Ladd <1973
: inches
For the case of a
MGINEERING INC.
embankment loading Hit <FIR> to continue
land fkmlue
tuo
uertical
eeba L
er, HI7 81898
increment
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
< 617) 729-2363
fill,
the program
superimposes
a series
of
Mtn.
Dr. Mfrado
Urzua
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then
t Hake selection.
Hitting the <FlO> key returnsEMBANK to the Main Menu.

Move the arrows to highlight Maintain file and hit <Enter/Return>.EMBANK displays the Maintain file
menu,which permits data fiie managementinside the program.
dictensional
comprermion
uertical
settlertent
due to embankment loads.
The prograM follous
the
equations
pmsentad
by LscrbeRUhitman
<1969),
Ladd (19731 and Poulos&Dauis
(1974).
symmetrical
uertical
embankment loading
the program
superircposes
embankment.
tuo
uertical
a series
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
32
Clear
entries
of
t Make selection.
<Fsc> t Plain Henu
EMBANK Appendix A
By selectingSave file, EMEL~NKdisplays
project
Definition
soil
Profile
and soil
paran.
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Uertlcal
utress
increment
A lllcroconput8r
program for
computing
on8
dimensional
comuression
uertlcal
s&t.dua to smbank&t
laads.
The program f
the
aquatlons
presented
by Lanbe%u
<1969),
Ladd Cl973
and Poulos&Dauis
<1974).
symmetrical
uarticai
~:~~~~i:~~~~gr~~~d~~p8~~~po~~~
Increment
of
vertical
stresses
fill,
the progratr
sup8rimpOS8S
Destination
/
at
end
a series
Pl18
pR;~!k$?;?~::
of
of
L
ICnter
latter
only,
or usa arrous
then
b Make selection.
<Esc> t tlaln
Hanu
in which the programprompts the user for the destinationfide namefor saving the input information.
EMBANK defaultsto filename extension.EMB. This filename extensioncan be changedby the user.
When <Enter/Return>is pressed,EMBANK showsthe filename.EMB files that are in the current directory.
A typical screenwill look similar to the following screen:
FEDEMIL HIGHUC(Y ADll~HfSTRATION
--
kin
tl8nu paraa.

syrrrtetrlcal
uertical
cmbanknent
loading
the progran
superimposes
loads.
For
the
tuo
vertical
erkmhrcent
lncrenent
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
superimposes
a rerlsr
of
rectangular
loads.
inter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then
33
PROTOTYPE EtGINEERIffi
INC.
57 Uertland
Fiuenue
Uinchester,
tI0 91838
<617> 723-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Alfred0
Unua
b Make selection.
<Esc> Main
Menu
EMBANK Appendix A
When the Retrieve file option is selected,EMBANK shows
project Definition
soil Profile
and scil
pat-an.
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Uartlcal
stress
increment
sumten of Units
1 Hicrocortputcr
prograM for
computing
one
dlmcnslonal corcpresslon
vertical
settlement
due to enbankment loads. The program f
the equations
presented
by LanbeSU
(1969,
Ladd <lSn,
and Poulor&Dauis <
M.sr
1stt.m
only,
or use erroue
thsn
Input
t Make salectlon.
File
<Es.&
tlaln
tlenu
in which the programprompts the userfor the tilename.EMB to be retrieved.EMBANK defaultsto the
.EMBfilenameextensionof data files. This filename extensioncan be changedby the user.
If the user doesnot recall the nameof the filename.EMB files in the current directory, a list of thesecan be
displayedby pressingthe <Enter/Return>key. EMBANK showsthe following screen:
thin
llunu ----f
snt

sywetrical
uertical
embankment loading the program
superimposes
tuo uertical
mbankmnt
loads.
For
the
lncrencnt
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the pmgram
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
Enter
letter
PROTOTYPE ENCINEERIW
INC.
57 Uest1and &m%ue
Uinchestcr,
ryI 01838
<617> -2363
Attn. Dr. llfredo
Unua
loads.
only,
or use arrous
then
+J
b Ilake
selection.
<Esc>
Main
tlsnu
The useof the arrow keys (t, 1, &, +) allows the userto selecta file. Pressthe <Enter/Return>key to
retrieve the fiie into EMBANK. The programreturns to the Main Menu screen.
34
EMBANK Appendix A
Hitting <Enter/Return> at the Clear entries field initializes all EMBANK variablesto their default values
(equivalentto loading the program from scratch).
1 FEDERRL HIGHWY RDliIRISIRATIOH \

L
4
I==-===
Haln
I
II I I
Run
A lllcrocotq2uter
progree for
computing
one
diltcnslonal
compression
vertical
settlement
due to cebankwet loads. The program follow
the equations
presented
by LaxbeMJhltean
<1969>, Ladd <197X and PoulosbDauls <1974>.
syrrrtetrical
vertical
embanknent
loading the program superlrcpones
For the
loads.
tuo uert1ca.l
enbanlulent
stresses
at end of
increment
of wrtlcal
fill,
thm program superimposes
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or uee
rrous
tlalntaln
file
file
I Exit II Save
PROTOTYPEENGXNEERlffi lliC.
57 Uentland CkRnue
Uincheoter,
?#I 81898
(617) 729-2363
t flake selactlon.
then
tknu
project Definition
sol1 Profile
and soil param.
Uatsr table definition
Stress hletory
Uertlcal
streee lncremnt
sustem of Units
<Ret> b tiein Henu
EMBANK returnsto the Main Menu.
Selectingthe Run program option will run EMBANK. The useris referredto Appendix B for typical
exampleruns and output screens.
FRDERRLHIGHUW RDliINISTRRTION
uro.iect
tlaln tlenu Definition
.I..
Exit to DOS
computing
one
vertical
settlement
The program fallout
the equations
presented
by LaebeWhltaan
<1969), Ladd <l!l73> and PoulosbDauls (1974).
PROTOTYPERNGINEERINGINC.
synrtetrlcal
vertical
51 Uestland Ruenue
eebanknent loading tke program superimposes
Ulncheetcr,
WI 81898
For
the
loads.
tuo uertlcal
embankment
<617> 7292963
lncrenent
of
uertical
etresses at end of
Rttn. Dr. Fllfredo Ureua
fill,
the program superinpones
a series of
rectrnaular
loads.
t--
llicroconputer
progreti
dlmenslonel conpression
due to ertbanknent
loads.
lW.e.r
letter
only,
for
or use arrow
35
than 4
t Make eelectlon.
EMBANK Appendix A
WhenExitto DOS is selectedtheprogramdisplaysthefollowingscreen:
thin knu
oro.iect
.
Definition
soil
Profile
Uatsr table
and soil
parilil.
definition
Stress hlstory
Uartlc81 stress incrsmmt
syrterr of lhl1ts
tia1ntain fllc
II fllcroconputcr
progrlur for
computing
one
dinensional
wnpresslon
vertical
scttlencnt
due to embanknent loads. The prograM follous
the equations
presented
by LwbeWhttaan
<1969), Ladd Cl973 and Poulos&DauIs (1974).
For the case of a strip synnetrical
vertical
embankment loading the program, superimposes
loads.
For
the
tuo vertical
embadment
of
vertical
stresses at end of
increment
fill,
tho program superirrposes
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then
Im INC.
57 ueetland Uincheeter,
Ml 81898
<617> 7294363
t Ilake selection.
@SC> l
tlain
Henu
A selectionof No returnstheprogramto the Main Menu.A Yes selectiontakesthe userbackto the

disk operatingsystemprompt.
36
EMBANK Appendix B Example 1
Appendix B
37
Example 1
EMBANKAppendix B Example 1
Example No. 1:
Settlement of Normally Consolidated (NC)

Soft Clay Layer Due to Symmetrical
Embankment Load
This exampleis similar to the one presentedin the U.S. Departmentof
Transportation,FHWA, Soils and Foundations WorkshopManual, p. 161,
Figure EX-1 showsthe problem geometryand soil parameters.The
objective is to computetotal settlementof the NC clay stratumbeneath
points A through E. The clay is divided into five sublayers.
TableEX-1 presentsa summaryof the computer-calculated
and handcomputedsettlementsfor points A through E.
Table 1. Summaryof clay surfacesettlements

Settlement(in)
Computer
Hand-calculated
Point
A
B
C
D
E
13.44
13.08
12.01
10.34
8.32
13.46
12.02
8.33
SAdDY GRAVEL 20 FT
y=122 pcf
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
e. = 2.096
y= 104 pcf
1
-CLAY-
1oFT
c, =l.lO
c, =.I1
SAND Not to scale
Figure 10. Example 1: Settlementof SymmetricalEmbankmentLoad
39
Example No. 1:
Symmetrical Embankment Load
10
10
yy
E
d.
GRANULAR
FILL
, ?=120pcf
A
a
F
20 I
A
I
-SANDY
j
GRAVEL -
20
y=122 pd
e,, = 2.096
-CLAY-
C c 3 1.10
y=104 pcf
I
- SAND -
lo-
Subdivide compressible
stratum info live
2 sublayers
Not to scale
Determinegeostaticeffective vertical stressesat pints 1.. .5:

~T~=20x 122+ lx 104-21x62.4=
1233.6psf
$=20x
122+ 3x 104- 23x 62.4= 1316.8
iT3= 20 x 122+ 5 x 104 - 25 x 62.4 = 1400.0
$=20x
122+7x 104- 27x 62.4= 1483.2
as= 20x 122+9x 104-29x 62.4= 1560.4
Determineincrementsof vertical stressfrom figure 4 in text.

Use superposition,as shown below:
40
EMBANKAppendixB
Example 1
Therefore,we computeincrementsof vertical stressas 2 times the vertical

stressincrementfor:
For the generalcaseshownbelow,

vertical stressesare given by:
In this case:
b= 20
a= 10
R,= z
Therefore:
tggp =$
tg(a+P)
=$
=+ fi= arct f
( )
*
a=arctg 4 -p
( >
We computethe stressincrementsfor z = 21,23,25,27, and 29 ft:

P=arct
8(
>
20,
a =arct + - p
8( >
21
25.463345
18.139474
823.23057
1646.4611
23
25
27
29
23.498566
21.801410
20.323137
19.025606
17.510521
16.858398
16.205718
15.566683
780.26144
740.24275
703.12764
668.78629
1560.5229
41
1480.4855
1406.2553
1337.5726
Use superpositionas shownbelow:
- -7 \
T
7
P=24OOpSf
\\
Lxt
1
F
Z
-Z
a = 10
b = 10
d-30
d= 10
acb-d-30
For first superpositionstep,consider:

x= 10
a= 10
b=20
P=l.
x-b=
R;=t2
+ 10
tgp=+
- 10
tga=+
Computeincrementof stressesusing:
,+:--$x-b)
l
z (fr)
a=p
Seeresultsin table below:

lo2
R$=z2+
(x-b)
21
25.463345
541
- 0.3881701
975.56265
23
25
27
29
23.498566
21.801410
20.323137
19.025606
629
725
829
941
905.97194
844.79982
790.76190
742.78381
42
0.3656598
0.3448276
0.3256936
0.3081828
l
For secondsuperpositionstep,consider:
I=%=3
a
R$=z *+ 102
P - 2400 psf
x-b=
*x
10
p=arcrg(+)-
Computeincrementof vertical stressesusing:
1
l
Seeresultsin the table below:
21
25.463345
18.139474
11.405161
0.3881701
23
25
27
23.498566
11.514733
0.3656598
21.801410
20.323137
17.510521
16.858398
16.205718
11.534621
11.483932
29
19.025606
15.566683
11.378733
0.3448276
0.3256936
0.3081828
Add stressincrementsfrom both superpositionsteps:
21
23
25
1377.0886
1320.6914
27
29
1217.3838
1170.0546
43
1267.5344
401.52598
414.71942
422.73460
426.62194
427.27078
Use superpositionas shown below:
30
7
P = if00 psf
+
L400psf
)X
Xt
a
Z
&
x-o
1
Z
(a)
From figure (a) above:
a = arctg :
( >
j3 = arctg(+)(x-b)
=0-20=
a
-20
R; = z + (- 20)2
r
- j$ (x-b)
I
l
Apply expressionsaboveto computeincrementsof stressfor case(a):
2 (ft>
a = arctg(T)
a=arctg(+)-a
R~=.z~+(-~O)~
21
25.463345
18.139474
841
-0.4994055
623.37735
23
23.498566
17.510521
929
-0.4951561
611.74501
25
21.801410
16.858398
1025
-0.4878049
597.43413
27
20.323137
16.205718
1129
-0.4782994
581.47007
29
19.025606
15.566683
1241
-0.4673650
564.59633
44
(x - 6)
0, htl
From Figure (b):
S = arctg
p
>
= arctg(+)-
a = arctg
(x-6)
>
-(Pe6)
= 40-20=20
R; = z2+202
S=arct
80
$4
4 /3+xa-4(,-@
a
Ri
[
Apply expressionsaboveto computeincrementsof stressfor case

W:
zm
x=
a
p=arct
g(
20
z
>
-6
a=arct
8(
!j
>
-(p+@
&
(x-6)
0, @ti
21
43.602819
11.405161
7.2925472
0.4994055 159.48697
23
41.009087
11.514733
0.4951561 179.37988
25
38.659808
11.534621
7.5772781
7.8001877
27
36.528855
11.483932
7.9678630
29
34.592289
11.378733
8.0868661
0.4782994 212.67796
0.4673650 225.97541
0.4878049 197.14946
Add stressincrementsfrom cases(a) and (b), Obtain table below:
z WI
0, (P-a
21
782.86432
23
791.12489
25
794.58359
794.14803
27
29
45
790.57174
EMBANK Appendix B Example I

Compute settlements.
Use following expression:
l
/x=&CR
log 3
i=l
I-1%I
where:
n = numberof substrata= 5
Hi = thicknessof eachsubstrata= 2 ft
CR = Virgin CompressionRatio
cc
=(l+eo)
1.10
= (1 + 2.096)
= 0.3552972
uvf = Final vertical effective stress = S,, + A 3,

tfi, = Initial vertical effective stress
. Apply expressionsabovefor -A;
2 cft)
SO@J-l9
AS, @?I0
bvf @sfl = gvo + Ad,
get table below:

pi = Hi CR
*v/
log
i-1
-%o
21
23
1233.6
1316.8
1646.4611
1560.5229
2880.0611
2877.3229
0.2616603 ft
0.2412246
25
27
29
1400.0
1483.2
1566.4
1480.4855
1406.2553
1337.5726
2880.4855
2889.4553
2903.9726
0.2226560
0.2057997
0.1905031
Total Settlement:
46
1.1218437 ft
13.46
in

Apply expressions above for point c; obtain table below:
Aav (Pti
ifvf @sfI = iFvo+ A 3
pi= Hi CR
log -
avf
i-160
21
1233.6
1377.0886
2610.6886
0.2313558 ft
23
13 16.8
1320.6914
2637.49 14
0.2143639
25
1400.0
1267.5344
2667.5344
0.1989536
27
1483.2
1217.3838
2700.5838
0.1849378
29
1566.4
1170.0546
2736.4546
0.1721668
Total Settlement:
1.0017799 ft
12.02
Apply expressions above for WE;
in
obtain table below:
21
1233.6
782.86432
2016.46432
0.1516523 ft
23
1316.8
791.12489
2107.92489
0.1451995
25
1400.0
794.58359
2194.58359
0.138725 1
27
1483.2
794.14803
2277.34803
0.1323338
29
1566.4
790.57 174
2356.97 174
0.1260962
Total Settlement:
0.6940069
ft
8.33
in
47
Compilation of Computer Screens for

Example 1
c1 tlicroconputer
program
for
colrputing
PROTOTYPERHGINRRRING INC.
57 Uettland &mwe
Uinchester,
WI @l&98
(617) 723-2363
Mtn.
stresses
superimposes
Uarslon
Dr.
F\lfredo
Urzua
at
a series
2. WOctober
of
1391
Hlt
<FiB> to continue
OPENING SCREEN
A lllcrocomputer
program for
computing
one
dlmenslonal wnprestlon
vertical
settlement
due to errbankment loads. The program follow
the
equations
presented
by LawbeWhitclan
<1969>;
For the
Ladd <19?3> and Poul&&Dauin

(1974).
case of a strip _ swnetrical
uertical
elrbanknent loading the pmgran
superimposes
tuo
vertical
embankment
loads.
For the
increnent
of vertical
stresses
fill,
the program
superimposes
rectangular
loads.
Enter
latter
only,
ENBbNK IlAIN
or
US=
at end
a series
l rrous
Exlt
of
of
then 4
to DOS
PROTOTYPEENGINEERIM INC.
57 ueat1and Rvenue
Uinchester,
ryI 01898
(617) 729-2363
Mtn. Dr. Alfmdo Urzua
t tlaka selection.
IlENU - SELECTION OF PROJECTDEFINITIOW
48
Cl icnt
Project
Wane
Project
tlanagcr
File Name
Date
Computed by
I
h inc-nt
s
= m
client
= Enbankmnt
load
= Al8l
= RXMPLEl.EtlR
= YlY92
<tltVDD/YY~
=m
A tllcmcoMputs
dlnensional
COM
due to enbankne
the
equations
d
<1969>, Ladd <1 =
Hit <FM> to accept values
For the case of
INEERIffi
It%.
eebanknent
loading
the program
super imposes
57 Uestland
Clvenue
tuo
uertical
embankment
loads.
For the
Uinchester,
tW 81896
increment
of
uertical
stresses
at
end of
< 617) 729-2363
fill,
the program
superircposes
a series
of
Mtn.
Dr. Alfred0
Urzua
rectangular
loads.
PROJECT DEFINITIOW
SCREEN
II I
EI M BR
I
project
Uater
A tlicrocortputer
program for
computing
one
dimensional
compression
uertical
settlement
The program follous
the
equatlons
presented
by LarrbeWhitrcan
C1969),
Ladd <1979> and PoulosBDauis
<1974).
syenetrical
uertical
embankment loading
the progra
superlrcpores
tuo
uertlul
anbankment
loads.
For
the
increment
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
flll,
the program
suprimposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
Definition
table
definition
PROTOTYPE RNGINEERIWC INC.

57 Uestland
&uenue
Ulnchestcr,
t@ 81898
(617) 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Alfred0
Urzua
tlakc
selection.
EtlBr%W WlIN IlENU - SELECTIOW OF SOIL PROFILE
49
llaln
Menu 1
program for
cortputlng
one
Hicrocorrputer
diacnslonal
compresrlon
ucrtlcal
settlement
due to embankment loads. The program follow
b
the
equations
presented
by LambeRUhItctan
<1969),
Ladd <1973> and Poulos8iDauis (1974).
For the case of a strlp
symmetrical
umtical
anbankrrent
loadlng the prograrr superirrposes
tuo uertical
embankment
increment
of
uertlcal
stresses at and of
a series
of
fill,
the progruc
superimposes
Snter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
PROTONPE GWGINLERIN6 INC.

57 Uestland Auenue
Uinchsstar,
IlA BlBSB
(6171 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. llfredo
Urzua
tlake
selection.
<Esc> l
Haln l!enu
SOIL PROFILE IlENU - SELECTIOn OF UOID RATIO PER LOG STRESS
FEDERlL HIGHWW IDNINISIRlIION
Layer
Nuder
Eleu. of
top
of layer
Number of sublayers
Sublayer
169.88
1 <for thlr
layer)
1
Unit
Layer
I
-------Sublayer
Sublayer
Sublayer
uelght
of
soil
= 122.BB
Type of layer
Layer
2
Is this
the last
Space Bar-Next
item
layer
of profile
Hit
Alt-n-Menu
No
<FlO> to continue
SOIL DESCRIPTION RND FWFIIIETERS FOR LAYER 111
50
:md
Layer
l&parties
Sol1
-1
ADtlKt4ISIRATION
1
1
3
1
Layer
tbmber
Sublayer
-------:
Sublsyer
Sublaycr
Number of sublayers
= 5 (for
uaight
Unit
Layer
1
Sublayar
soil
I-
this
layer)
1e4.m
properties
Compressible
*I,
Index
Co+tprcssion
Layer
2
Type of layer
Layer
---------
of soil
88.88
Racoapreasion
Index
Sualling
Index
Is this
the last
Esti
Estimated
layer
from a-logp
of profile
curuas
lta
Hit <FS> to Prau. Layer Hlt <FlB> to continue

Press space bar to see nenu optlons and then <Ret> to lnput values
SOIL DESCRIPTIOI( WD FARClliEIERS FOR LAYER 82
Layer Soil
Initial
-
Uoid
Hit
Propertiaa
==I
Ratio
<Pig> to accapt ualuas Unit
Layer
1
-------I
Sublawr
Sublayar
of soil
Layer
2
this
II-i
layer)
Conprcssible
Initial
void ratio
Rstiaated
from e-logp
curues
Index Rstinated
from e-logp
curues
Rstinatad
from a-logp
curuas
Index
Rccoccprcmrion
5 <for
= 184.89
pmpertles
Coaprerrlon
----_I__
Type of layer
roll
88.88
ayera
uclght
Layer
Sublayer
f la*r=
Hit
Sualling
Index
Is this
the last
<F9> to
ItlITIbL
Preu.
layer
Layer
of profile
Hit
UOID RATIO - LAYER 112
51
tie
<Fig> to continue
Input
Ualue of
Hit
Sublayer
---e--m--
Compression Index
=m
<PlR> to accept value I_
mm
Layer
1
Sublryer
Sublrycr
Unit ueight
= 104. w
of soil
layer)
Type of layer
Layer soil
= Inltlal
uold ratio
Estimated
from e-loge
properties
Cacrpresslon Index
Sublayer
5 <for this
Number of sublayers
1
Coapresslble
Layer
Reconpression
Hit
Index Estlxatsd
Estimated
Suelllng
Index
Is this
the last
layer
from e-logp
of profile
<P9> to Preu. Layer -
e-logp
from
curues
curws
curues
No
Hit <PlO> to continue
COllPRESSIOWINDEX - LAYER UZ
Input
Value of
Hit
Sublayer
Recompression
ml-Ii
<Fl8> to accept ualue -
89.88
Wusber of sublayers
Unit ueight
= 104.m
thls
5 (for
layer)
1
Layer
1
e----m---
Sublayer
Sublayer
of soil
Type of layer
Layer sol1 properttes
= Initial
Compressible
Estlrcated
uold rrtto
from rlogp
curues
Index Estimated
from a-logp
curuer
Estimated
from e-logp
curues
Compression Index
--------
Layer
1-
Recompression
Sublayer
index
Hit
Suelllng
Index
Is this
the last
layer
<P9> to Preu. Layer -
of profile
Hit <p10> to continue
RECOHPRRSSION
INDEX - LAYER 82
52
Its
--
i1I
3
II.
Layer Number =
Elm.
of tap of layer
limber
Sublayar
----------
of sublayers
= 5 <for thls
layer)
1
Unit ueight
- Layer
1
Sublayer
Sublaycr
of soil
= 1e4.w
Type of layer
Couprcssion
Layer
2
Sublayer
w.88
Index
Recompression
Compressible
Initial
Estitiatcd
Index Estircatsd
void ratio
from c-logp
curves
from a-logp
curuos
2
Sualling
Is this
c Hit
Index
the
last
<F9> to Preu.
lay
Layer
space bar to see nenu options
Press
and then <Ret> to input
values
SUELLING INDEX - LAYER UZ
1
1
3
mloH
ILayer Hurrbcr
Sublayer
--------I--
B8.W
Number of sublayers
5 <for
Unit weight
= 184. Be
thls
layer)
I
Layer
1
Sublayer
Sublrycr
1
Layer
2
Sublayer
of soil
Type of layer
Layer soil
properties
= Initial
Cortprmian
Index
Recoup-ion
Compressible
wld
ratio
Estimated
from e-logp
curves
Index Eatixated
from s-logp
turues
Sacla as recorrpression
index
2
Suelling
Index
Is this
the last
layer
of profile
Hit <F9> to Preu. Layer Hlt <FM>

Rlt-H-Henu
Space Bar-Next iten
to continue
DEFIHIHG LINER 82 As LAST LINER OF SOIL PROFILE
53
Subleyar
Number of sublayers
= 5 (for
this
layer)
--------Sublayer
Sublaycr
Eleu.
of bottom of last
layer
ible
Hit <Fig> to accept ualue d

Compression Index
- Layer
2
Sublayer
80.88
Recompression
id ratlo
Estimated
Index Estinated
from c-logp
curuer
fron
curves
slegp
Suelling
Index
Is this
the last
Hit <F3> to Pm.
Same as recompression
layer
of profile
Layer -
index
Yes;
Hit <F10> to continue
DEFINING TtllClWESS OF SOIL PROFILE
FEDERRLHIGHUW RDNINISTRRTION
project
Definition
Run program
A Nicrocomputar prograM for

computing
one
Exit to DOS
diMemime
compression
vertical
settlerrent
$e to enbanknent loads. The prograM follow
1
the
equations
presented
by LaMbeEUhitMan
<1969>, Ladd <1373) and PoulosBDauis <1974).
For the case of a strip symwatrical
vertical
PROTOTYPEGNGINEERINGINC.
mbanknent loading the prograM supsriMpoae!5
57 tlestland Cluanua
tuo vertical
snbanknsnt
loads.
For the
Uinchester,
l?4 81898
incrertent
of uertical
stresses et end of
(617) 72!3-2363
superimposes
* series of
Clttn. Dr. Alfrsdo Urzua
fill,
the PPGgl-aM
rsctanguler
loads.
I======
Enter
letter
only,
OF use at-mu+ then 4
flake selection,
EHBGW tlt3IN IIENU - SELECTION OF UGTERTABLE DEFINITION
54
EMBANKAppendixB Example 1
Uatcr Table Definition

Eleu. of Uatcr Table
I Nlcrocortputcr
pro
dimensional compress
Hit <F18> to accept values
due to embankment loa
the equations
presented
by LambeWhltman
<1969>, Ladd < 1973) and PoulosSDauls <1974>.
For the case of a strip symmetrIca
uertical
PROTOTYPEENGINEERING INC.
embankment loading the program superimposes
57 Uestland Ftuenue
tuo vertical
embankment
loads.
For the
Uinchester,
W 81898
increment
of vertical
stresses at end of
(617) 729-2363
fill,
a series of
Dr. Alfred0 Urzua
rectangular
loads.
IJRTEATABLE AT ELEWlTlON = 188 FT.
FEDERIlL HIGHW ADHINISTRATION

1
Ilain
nenu
====li
pro.kct Dcflnition
soil Profile
and soil
Uater table definition
A tlicrocomputer
program for
computing one
uertical
settlement
the equations
presented
by Lambe&Uhitnan
(1969>, Ladd <1973> and Poulos&Dauis <19?4).
For the case of a strip synmatrlcal
vertical
tw
uertlcal
embankment
loads.
For
the
increment
of uertical
stresses at end of
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use. arrow
then 4
Stress
history
User defined
stress
param.
history
57 Uestland Avenue
Ulnchester,
hD 81898
<617) 729-2363
Attn. Dr. Alfred0 Urzua
t hake selection.
<Esc> t Nain Menu
CDHPRESSIBLELAYER IS DEFINED FIS NORMXLY CONSOLIDATED<DEFAULT)
55
EMBANK Appendix B Example 1.
Run program
Exit to DOS
R Hicrocomputer
program for
computing
one
dimensional
compression
uertlcal
settlement
Tha progran
follow
the
equations
presented
by La&Whitman
(1969),
Ladd (1973
and PoulosGDauis
41974).
synnatrical
uertical
embankment loading
the program
ruporimpones
tw
uertical
embankment
loads.
For
the
increment
of
wrtical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
supsrinpases
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
PROTOTYPE EIY;IKEERING INC.

57 Uestland
Awnue
Ulnchester,
Hp 01896
<617) n9-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
Ursua
+I
EHBANK HAIN HENU - SELECTION OF UERTIUX
II Hlcrocomputer
progrrn
fol
dlnensional
compression
uer
The program follow
the
equations
presented
by LambeRUhltman
<1969>, Ladd <IS73
and PoulosSDavls
<1974>.
symmetrical
vertical
embankment loading
the program
superimposes
loads.
For
the
tuo
wrtical
embankment
increment
of
wrtical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
superiMposes
a series
of
rmotangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use l rrous
then
t ilake
t Hake selection.
STRESS INCREHENT

57 Uentland
Avenue
Uinchemtor,
HA 81898
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
Urzua
selection.
<Esc> l
Hain
UERTICFIL STRESS INCREHENT HEW - STRIP SWUWTRICFIL EIIBANKHENT LOpDIMi
56
Menu
SYHNETRICAL VERTICAL ENWNKNEHT LORD

URRTICRL BlBAHKtlENT
Wnk.
slope
a
Wnk.
uldth
b
tkight
of fill
W
Unit uaight
of fill
FOOIINC
= 18.88
= 38.88
= 28.88
q
iZR.BB
El+i
11111111
t
111111111111 H x
L
I
Layer
<617)
Dr.
ERING It%.
Avenue
a 018%
729-2363
Alfred0
Urrua
-1
FWNDAIION ELEU.
.
.
I
POINTS FOR COllPUTATIOH OF

SETTLENEHT
calculata
in
~1 coordirutw
x2 coordlnata
delta x
1111111111111111'-+
x+
.
Layer
t
2 = lB0.W
Hit <Fig> to l ooept
increment
fill.
the
rectangular
of
ucrtical
stresses
program
superinposcs
loeds.
+tl+-l+ovs
STRIP SWl.
I_
ueluer
at
md
a series
of
of
Mtn.
I
bar
*'-Sclcct
Esc-Exit
ElleANKflEHT LMD1NI.i GWHETRY - SETTLENENT IN X-DIRECTION
SMlEIRICIL
UERTICAL ENWMKNENI LOAD *
UERTICAL ENRAHKHENT POOPING

Enbank. slope
a
= 1e.m
Embank. uidth
b
= J&Be
Height of fill
H
= 20.08
Unit ueight
of flll
= it&B@
11111111
111111111111
1111111111111111-l-
POINTS POR COHPUTATIOHOF
X---+
SETTLEM
= X Direction
=
a.00
20. ee
=
=m
soil
ltlon
paran.
Layor
Layer
(617)
Dr.
ERING INC.
hmnum
A e1990
729-2363
filfrcdo
Urzua
--
calculab
in
xl coordlntc
x2 ooordlnate
delta
x
n
1
t
H
.
l
.
21--
FOUWDATIO)( ELW.
2 = 1m.m
Nit
increment
the
rectangular
fill,
<Fig>
to accept
of
uertlc81
stresses
progru
superimposes
lo&s.
ualuer
at
end
a wrier
of
of
Mtn.
I
DEFINING POINTS FOR CC#lPUTAIION OF SETTL0lEIJT
57
thin
EM IN 1
A Hlcroconputcr
tlmu
Definition
file and soil param.
ble deflnttlon
irtory
stress LncmDwnt
system of Units
llaintain
flie
progren
for computing
one
vertical
settlement
The program follous
the equations
presented
by LambeWhitman
<1969>, Ladd <1973> and PoulorSDauts <1974>.
symmetrical vertical
embankment loading the program suprhposes
tuo
vertical
mbankrrent
loads.
For
the
increment
of uertical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the prograM
superlmposss
a series of
rectangular
loads.
dInemiona1
corcpression
due to embankrrent
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or uss armus
PROTOTYPEEtiGINEERING INC.
57 Ucstland Aunue
Uinchester,
ryI 818%
<617)
+J
then
729-2363
Dr. (Ilfredo
Mtn.
Urzua
selection.
tlake
EtiBWK IlAIN tWiU - SELECTlCWlOF RUWPROGRAIl
OWEDIilENSIONfiL SETTLEilENT ANCILVS1WFedera.l Nlghuay Adrtinistratlon

STRIP S!lHtlCTRICbL UERTICFU.CNBANKllENTLOilDING
Project
Project
Dets
Nane
: Enbankmnt
Number : gi-la
: led141
load
Client
: Any Client
Project Nanager : #y(
:Wl
Corrputed by
Settlement
Embankrcent
Embankment
Embankment
slope a
top uidth
bottom uidth
=
=
Ground Surface Eleu.

Uebr table Elau.
IP.
1
2
-
Wit
=
=
Lb&WI
TYPE THICK.
<PO
INCOnP. 2B.B
cow. ie.e
arrnu
keys
ta
1g.W
mee
48.88
lB@.Be
iee.ee
for X-Dircctlon
<ft>
<ft>
<ft)
<ft>
<ft)
Height
Unit
of fill
ueight
0f
fill
p load/unit
area
Foundation Eleu.
Unit usight 0f ud.
COEFFICIPCT
COtlP. RECOHP. SUELL.
UNIT
UEIGHI
2e.m
ize.ee
= 2488.88
= iee.ee
=
62.40
SPECIFIC
GWITY
UOID
RRTTIO
2.65
-2.10
<pcf>
----:.iee
display
---e.iie
nsrt
--e.iie
screen.
I22.00
184. ee
<FB> Print.
PROGRIIllUJTPUT SCREEN
58
<fU
<pcf)
<pef)
<ft)
<pcf)
<FlB> Nain km
ONE Dl11RNSlON~L SETILEtlENT MWSlS~Federal

Highuay tilnlstration
STRIP SYllllETRlCAL VERTICAL EHB&NKliENT UWIDING
ProJect
ProJact
Date
Name
Number
: Embankment
: 91-1234
: lWBl/91
load
Cl icnt
Project
Hanagsr
Computed by
: any Cllcnt
: Ml
:Au(
for X-Direction
Settlement
/
Embankment slope a
Eabanknent
top uldth
Embankment bottom uldth
Ground Surface
Eleu.
Uatcr table
Eleu.
NQ.
i?k?
i
2
THICK.
<ft.)
INCO~P. 2e.e
cow.
le.8
Hlt
arrou
keys
18.88
2R.W
48.88
1BB.W
1w.w
=
1
=
=
<ft)
<ft>
<ft)
<It>
<rt
Kelght
of fill
W
Unit uetght
of flll
p load/unit
area
Foundation
Eleu.
Select
Send form to: QPrlntcr,
EDirk
File.
IJNlT
UEIGHT
Cpcf)
SPECIFIC
CRFIUIN
UOID
RATIO
----I.188
122.89
184. ee
-2.65
---2.18
<FE> Print.
<Fit0
to display
--e.iie
next
----8.118
screen.
llrln
Nenu
PRIMTED OUTPUT
ONE DIllENSI(mAL SETTLERENT ANALYSIS/Federal

Hlghuay kdnlnlstratlon
STRIP MltlETRlCRL
UERTICFIL Eli8bNKllENT LOiWlNG
ProJect
ProJect
Date
Name
Number
: Embankment
: 91-1234
: wei/
load
Client
ProJect
tlanager
Computed by
Settlertent
Embankwent slope a
Embankment top uidth
Embankment betton
uldth
Cround Surface
Elan.
Uater table
Eleu.
NQ.
i
2
-
<ft.>
<pcf)
<prf>
<ft))
COEFFICIENT
CORP. RECOflP. SUELL.
SELECTION OF DISH FILE
=
z9.w
= 128.88
= 2488.98
= iee.ee
Hit
TYPE
THICK.
<ft.>
INCONP. me
CONP. le.9
arrou
beys
to
=
E
=
=
i8.W
ze.ee
48.38
lee.88
18e.ee
for
<ft)
<ft)
<ft>
<ft)
<ft)
: Any c11ent
: WI
:lUi
X-Direction
Height
of fill
H
unit ueight
of fill
area
p load/unit
Foundation
Elm
Destination
EXfiNPLEl. OUT
2e.w
Z 12e.w
= 24w.w
= 188.88
File
COEFFICIENT
COIIP. RECOIIP. WELL.
UNIT
UEIGHT
<pcf>
SPECIFIC
CRMJITY
UOID
RATIO
----i.iee
122.88
184.88
2.55
--2.10
display
----e.iie
next
----a.iie
screen.
<FE> Print.
SELECTION OF DESTINATION FILE
59
<FIR> thin
<ft.>
<pcf)
<psf>
<ft)
llenu
ONB DIMENSIONAL s&m~mmr

muysIs/lodeml
STRIP SY)MBTRICAL VERTICAL B
Project
Name
Pile NILme
Date
t Embsnkment load
I l4xamplel.Bl4a
t 10/01/91
client
project
llanager
collputod
by
Settlement
%iban)onent slope II
Bmbankment tog width
gmban)onont bottom width
Ground Surface
Blev.
Water table
8lev.
LAYBR
N'.
1
a
TYPB
INCOMP. 20.0
10.0
COMP *
SUBLAYER
TBICK.
(ft)
N.
1
a
3
4
5
6
Layer
INCOMP.
a.00
a.00
a.00
2.00
a.00
XI
strese
(RSf)
1
a
3
4
5
6
Layer
1
a
3
4
5
6
-Sit
THICK.
(ft)
INCOMP.
78a.86
791.11
794.58
794.15
790.5-l
x=
stress
(PSf)
INCOMP.
1646.46
1560.52
1480.49
1406.26
1337.57
0.00
sstt.
(In.)
SNCOMP .
1.82
1.74
1.66
1.59
1.51
---__8.31
I
D
*
=
i
uighway Administration
LOADING
10.00
20.00
40.00
100.00
100.00
for
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
might
of fill
S
Unit welghc of fill
'D load/unit
atea
Foundation
810~.
Unit weight of Wat.
--__0.110
122.00
104.00
SOIL STRBSS88
INITIAL
(DSf)
79 .oo
77.00
75.00
73.00
71.00
INCOYP.
1089.37
1065.97
1041.58
1016.53
991.15
DNIT
WBIGST
(pcf)
__-__
0.110
BLBV.
(ft)
XI
stress
Wf 1
I Any client
t AUH
1 Am4
X-Direction
CGBFPICIUJT
COIIP. F&oMP. SWELL.
--me1.100
la33.60
1316.80
1400.00
1483.10
1566.40
5.00
sett.
(In.)
INCOMP
a.34
a.19
1.06
1.93
1.81
-----10.34
=
10.00
= 120,00
= a400.00
= 100.00
=
62.40
SPBCIPIC
GRAVITY
VOID
PATIO
---2.65
---1.10
MX.PAST
(ft)
(pcf)
(psi)
(ft)
(pcf)
PRBSS.
(Wf)
1233.60
1316.80
1400.00
1483.20
1566.40
x.
stroee
(l=f)
10.00
sett.
(111.)
1377.09
1310.69
1267.53
1217.38
1170.05
a.77
a.57
a.38
a.11
2.06
-----11.01
X=
stress
iPSf)
15.00
sett.
(Ill.)
1576.37
1497.77
1414.60
1356.64
1393.57
3.04
a.01
2.60
a.40
a .a3
-----13.08
20.00
sett.
(In.)
3.14
1.89
2.67
a.47
a.28
-----13.44
zmrow keys
to display
next
screen.
60
cm>
Print.
<no>
main menu -
Rain Renu
project Definition
soil Profila
and soil param.
Uatnr table deflnitlon
Stress history
Uertical
struts
increment
-==I
system of Units
Run prograti
lllcrocomplter
program for
computing
one
Exit to DOS
dlmemional
corrprcrsion
vcrtlcal
settlement
due to mbankrcent loads. The program follous
the equations
presented
by Lambe6lJhitean
<1969>, Ladd <I973 and PoulosSDavis <1974>.
PROTOTYPEEWGINEERIM INC.
For the case of a strip syrtrtetrical
wrtical
57 Uentland Avenue
ectbankmmt
loading the program super imposes
loads.
Uinchaoter,
IYI 91898
For the
tuo wrtical
elrbankment
<617> 729-2969
increment
of
vertical
stresses at end of
Attn. Dr. Alfred0 Ursua
fill,
the program superiaposas
a series of
rectangular
loads.
t--II
Enter
letter
only,
EMBANK tllIN
or use arrows than 4
t ilake selection.
ttENU - SELRCTIONOF tillNTAIR
FILE
FEDERAL HlGHlJAY ADHINISTRATION
mainllmu
project Definition
soil Profile
and soil parae.
Stress history
Uertical
stress inc-nt
system of Units
Maintain
A tlicrocouputer
program for
computing
one
dlaensional
compression
vertical
settlement
the equationa
pmeented
by LanbeWhitrcan
<1969), Ladd <1979> and PoulosRDavis (1974).
Far the cam of a strip
ayemetrical
vertical
tuo vertical
glbankmnt
loads.
For the
Increment
of wrtical
stresses at end of
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loada.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
than 4
t llaka
Clear entries
PROTOTYPERNGINEERIffi INC.
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Attn. Dr. CIlfredo Urzua
selection.
ll6INTpIN FILE IlEWU - SELECTION OF SAVE FILE
61
file
<Esc> a Plain Menu
llain tlanu project

Definition
soil
Profile
and soil
paran.
Uater table
deflnltlon
Stress
history
Uartical
stress
increment
system of Units
.
.
EM KIR 1 KI
m-1
A tllcmcomputcr
program for
conputlng
one I
dlncnslonal
oonprcsslon
wrtloal
sett
Destination
Pile
due to enbanbnent
loads.
The program f
the
equatlons
presented
by LartbeBu
<1969),
l&d
41973) and Poulos&Dauls
<1974>.
synnetrlcal
wrtical
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERING UK.
cnbanhnent
loading
the progran
superinposes
57 Uestland
8wnue
tuo
wrtical
enbanknent
loads.
For
the
Ulnchastsr,
tW 81898
<617> 729-2969
lncrenent
of
uertlcal
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
superimposes
a series
of
attn.
Dr. plfredo
Ursua
rectangular
loads.
L
Enter
letter
only,
or usa arrows
then
Hake selection.
<Esc> t Hain
tlenu
SAUING INPUT FILE 8S EXfDlPLEl.DAT
EM KIR 1 KI
Haln tknu =
project
Definition
soil
Profile
and soil
paran.
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Uartical
stress
increnent
system of Units
llaintain
file
A Nicrocerrpuhr
pmgram for
computing
one
dlnensional
coccpresslon
uertical
sattlenant
due to enbanhnent
loads.
The program follow
the
equatlom
presented
by LambeBUhitman
<1969>, Ladd <I973
and PoulosDDauls
<1974>.
synnetrlcal
uertical
embankment loading
the pmgracr
superircposes
tuo
uertlcal
enbankmnt
loads.
For
the
increment
of
uertlcal
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERItG INC.

57 tkstland
Avanue
Uinchester.
ryI 81898
<617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
llrzua
t Wake selection.
EflBAflK NAIN IIENU - EXIT TO DOS
62
Ilain tlenu project Deflnltlon

soil Profile
and sell
Uater table deflnltion
Stress history
Uertical
system
stress
of Units
pararr,
increment
Maintain f I le
Run progran
A tiicrocomputcr
program for
computing
one
dItemsiona1 ccaprersion
uertlcal
settleccent
due to enbankwnt loads. Ihe program follous
the equations
presented
by LaAe&Uhltman
<1969>, Ladd <1973) and PoulosSDauis <1974).
For the of a strip
ryrtmetrical
uerticel
ecrbankment loading the progrerr superhposes
loads.
tuo uertical
For the
embankment
fncrment
of
vertical
stresses at end of
fill,
thu program superimposes
a seriee of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use
rrous
L=,~-
PROT
57 Uettland
Uinchester,
M 81898
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
then 6J b llake selection.
EXIT TO DOS HEMJ - SELECIIOW OF YES
63
m; INC.
Rumue
Dr. Alfredo
Urzua
<Em> b tlain Henu
EMBANKAppendix B Example2
Example 2
64
Approach Embankment Settlement
Example No. 2:
This exampleis similar to the one presentedin the U.S Departmentof

Transportation,FHWA, Soils and Foundations Workshop Manual, p. 165.
Figure EX-2 showsthe problem geometryand soil parameters.The purpose
of the exampleis to computethe settlementof the clay stratumunder points
A through D. The clay stratumis divided into sevensublayers.
TableEX-2 presentsa summaryof the computer-calculatedand handcomputedsettlementfor points A through D.
Table 2. Summaryof surfacesettlements

SurfaceSettlement(in)
Hand-calculated
Computer
Point
A
B
c
34.46
23.99
7.51
18.97
34.46
60ft
FILL
1!7
pr:
pt+
y=130 pcf
C
w
?$ s
4
35 ft
B,D
30 ft
- INCOMPRESSIBLE - y=l 1Opcf

T
y=127pcf
c&=0.35
c, =0.035
w=35%
G = 2.78
-CLAY-
-SAND
toofl
2
WC
Y
x
(b) Plan View
(a) Cross Section
Not to scale
Figure 11. Approachembankmentsettlement
65
Example No. 2:
Approach Embankment Settlement

Problem: Computesettlement at point A in figure 11.
-
GeostaticEffective Vertical Stresses

Divide compressibleclay stratuminto seven5-ft substrata.
9 Computeeffective vertical stressesat midpoint for eachsubstrata;

obtain table below:
z = 12.5ft: Ot = 110x 10+ 127 x 2.5 - 62.4 x 7.5
949.5 psf
z= 17.5fc iY2= 110 x lO+ 127 x 7.5 - 62.4 x 12.5 = 1272.5psf

2 = 22.5ft: 03 = 110x 10 + 127 x 12.5 - 62.4 x 17.5 = 1595.5psf
z = 27.5ft: &, = 110x 10 + 127 x 17.5 - 62.4 x 22.5 = 1918.5psf
z = 32.5 fr: a5 = 110x LO+ 127 x 22.5 - 62.4 x 27.5 = 2241.5 psf
z = 37.5fc: a6 = 110x 10 + 127 x 27.5 - 62.4 x 32.5 = 2564.5 psf
z = 42.5 fr: is, = 110x 10 + 127 x 32.5 - 62.4 x 37.5 = 2887.5 psf
-
DetermineIncrementsof Effective Stress

Programdivides embankmentload into 10 3-ft high rectangularsub
loads, as shown in figure 6 of the main text.
Program extendsloads to ymax= y1 + 10bz= 0 + 10 x 60 = 600 ft.
Coordinatesof lower left and upperright comersof eachsub-loadare

as follows: (Refer to figure 7 of main text.)
Sub-LoadNo.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
l
Yl
57
51
45
39
33
27
21
15
9
3
57
51
45
39
33
27
21
15
9
3
X2
163
169
175
181
187
193
199
205
211
217
y2
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
Note that x and y coordinatesof point A are:

xA= Iloft;
Xl
yA= 6off
The configuration of a typical sub-loadand its relation to point A is

shown below:
66
Note: Values of x1, x2, yl. and y2

are as shown on table in
previouspagefor eachsubload, In all cases,y2 = 600
ft.
Embankment
@x= 1lOft
For each sub-load,the incrementsof vertical stressat point A must

be computedby superposition,as shown below:
K2eY2)
(110, 600)
+2x
2x
'(110.60
oqCJY,
(0)
2x
+2x
(w
(0)
2x
(W 1
Equation (14) in main text is applied to superpositionsteps(a) and

(b) for eachsub-loadin order to computethe incrementsof stress.
67
ParametersR,, Rz, and R, are defined in figure 8:

R, = (12+ 2):
R,= (b*+ I*+
R, = (I*+ b* + z*+
l
Tables 1 through7 on the following pagessummarize the

computation for 2 = 12.5; 17.5; 22.5; 27.5; 32.5; 37.5: and 42.5 ft.
ParametersC, and C2 in the tablesare defined as follows:
C, = urct -$
t
c, =
so that:
a, = %(c, + q
68
Table 3. Approach Embankment Settlement

Summary Calculations for Increment of Stressesat Depth
Z
53
= 12.5 feet
Increment
2
R22
R3
2965.25
165.25
53 540 291756.30
3637.25
9 59
59 540 291756.30
2965.25
237.25
54.54
542.74
0.23 0.23
1.34 0.22
3637.25
60.98
543.36
0.61 0.49
1.36 0.20
96.99 193.98
68.10 136.21
97.13 194.25
4381.25
381.25
67.87
0.85 0.51
84.83 169.67
65 540 291756.30
4381.25
544.04
1.38 0.19
97.22 194.44
5 197.25
597.25
75.09
1.01 0.46
9 1.39 182.77
71 540 291756.30
27 77
6085.25
5197.25
885.25
544.79
1.40 0.17
97.28 194.56
82.55
1.11 0.41
77 540 291756.30
6085.25
545.61
1.41 0.16
94.19 188.38
97.33 194.66
7045.25
1245.25
90.19
1.18 0.36
95.53 191.06
83 540 291756.30
7045.25
546.48
1.42 0.15
97.36 194.72
8077.25
39 89
89 540 291756.30
1677.25
1.23 0.32
1.43 0.14
96.24 192.48
8077.25
97.97
547.43
45
9181.25
2181.25
105.86
1.27 0.29
96.65 193.29
95 540 291756.30
9181.25
548.44
1.44 0.13
97.41 194.82
51 101
2757.25
113.83
1.30 0.26
96.89 193.79
101 540 291756.30 10357.25
549.51
1.45 0.12
97.42 194.85
121.88
550.64
1.33 0.24
1.45 0.12
97.05 194.11
97.43 194.87
15
21
33
57
65
71
83
95
107
10357.25
11605.25
3405.25
107 540 291756.30 11605.25
Cl
0,
c2
28.67
57.35
97.39 194.78
Increment of Stress = 3645.02 (psf)
where: C, =
69

z = 17.5 feet
b
Increment
2
Rl
R;
3115.25
3 53
53 540 291906.30
9 59
3787.25
59 540 29 1906.30
R3
3 15.25
Cl
c2
az
3115.25
387.25
3787.25
55.89
542.88
62.20
0.16 0.17
1.25 0.30
0.45 0.43
20.80 41.59
96.18 192.37
54.57 109.14
543.50
1.28 0.27
96.52 193.05
453 1.25
531.25
68.97
0.68 0.52
74.47 148.95
65 540 291906.30
21 71
5347.25
4531.25
544.18
1.31 0.25
96.76 193.51
747.25
76.08
0.84 0.52
84.72 169.45
71 540 291906.30
5347.25
544.93
1.33 0.23
96.92 193.85
27
6235.25
1035.25
83.45
0.96 0.49
89.97 179.94
77 540 29 1906.30
33 83
7195.25
6235.25
545.74
1395.25
91.02
1.35 0.22
1.04 0.45
97.04 194.09
92.78 185.55
83 540 291906.30
39 89
8227.25
7195.25
1827.25
546.62
98.73
1.36 0.20
1.11 0.41
97.13 194.26
94.37 188.74
89 540 29 1906.30
45 95
9331.25
8227.25
2331.25
547.56
106.57
1.37 0.19
97.20 194.40
1.16 0.38
95.33 190.66
95 540 291906.30
9331.25
548.57
1.39 0.18
97.25 194.50
2907.25
114.49
1.20 0.35
95.93 191.87
101 540 291906.30 10507.25

57 107 11755.25 3555.25
549.64
122.49
1.40 0.17
1.23 0.32
97.29 194.58
96.33 192.67
107 540 291906.30 11755.25
550.78
1.41 0.16
97.32 194.65
15
65
77
51 101
10507.25
where: C, =
c, =
70

Summary Cakulations for Increment of Stressesat Depth
z = 22.5 feet
Increment
b
53
R:
R22
R3
3315.25
515.25
57.66
53 540 292106.30
3315.25
9 59
3987.25
59 540 292106.30
587.25
3987.25
473 1.25
65 540 292106.30
Cl
c2
=z
0.12 0.14
16.21
543.06
1.17 0.36
94.91 189.81
63.78
0.35 0.37
44.71
543.68
1.20 0.34
95.55 191.10
731.25
70.40
0.55 0.49
64.79 129.57
4731.25
544.36
1.24 0.31
96.00 192.00
5547.25
947.25
0.71 0.54
77.21 154.43
71 540 292106.30
5547.25
77.38
545.11
1.26 0.29
96.33 192.65
27 77
6435.25
77 540 292106.30
1235.25
6435.25
84.64
545.93
0.83 0.53
1.28 0.27
84.57 169.14
96.56 193.13
33
7395.25
1595.25
92.11
0.92 0.51
88.94 177.89
83 540 292106.30
7395.25
546.80
1.30 0.26
96.74 193.49
39 89
8427.25
89 540 292106.30
2027.25
8427.25
99.74
1.00 0.48
91.62 183.23
547.75
1.32 0.24
96.88 193.76
45
9531.25
2531.25
107.50
1.06 0.45
93.31 186.62
95 540 292106.30
9531.25
548.75
1.33 0.23
96.98 193.97
51 101
3107.25
115.36
1.10 0.42
94.42 188.84
101 540 292106.30 10707.25
549.82
1.35 0.22
97.07 194.14
3755.25
123.31
1.14 0.39
95.17 190.35
107 540 292106.30 11955.25
550.96
1.36 0.21
97.13 194.27
15
21
65
71
83
95
57 107
10707.25
11955.25
32.41
89.42
71

Z
= 27.5 feet
Increment
R:.
R2
3 53
3565.25
53 540 292356.30
9
59
4237.25
59 540 292356.30
15 65
4981.25
65 540 292356.30
21 71
5797.25
765.25
3565.25
R3
59.79
Cl
c2
=z
0.10 0.12
13.19
26.38
543.29
1.09 0.41
93.17 186.33
837.25
4237.25
981.25
4981.25
65.71
543.91
72.15
0.29 0.32
1.13 0.39
37.47 74.94
94.19 188.39
1197.25
0.46 0.45
1.17 0.36
0.60 0.52
56.49 112.97
94.93 189.86
69.81 139.63
1.20 0.34
95.47 190.93
78.64 157.27
95.87 191.74
544.59
71 540 292356.30
27 77
6685.25
5797.25
78.98
545.34
1485.25
86.11
77 540 292356.30
7645.25
33 83
6685.25
1845.25
546.15
0.72 0.55
1.22 0.32
93.46
0.82 0.54
84.38 168.76
83 540 292356.30
7645.25
547.03
1.25 0.30
96.17 192.34
39
8677.25
89 540 292356.30
2277.25
8677.25
100.99
547.98
0.90 0.52
1.27 0.29
88.14 176.28
96.41 192.81
45 95
9781.25
95 540 292356.30
2781.25
9781.25
108.66
548.98
0.96 0.50
1.28 0.27
90.65 181.30
96.59 193.18
51 101 10957.25 3357.25

101 540 292356.30 10957.25
116.44
1.01 0.47
92.36 184.72
550.05
1.30 0.26
96.73 193.46
57 107 12205.25 4005.25

107 540 292356.30 12205.25
124.32
551.19
1.06 0.45
1.31 0.25
93.56 187.12
96.85 193.70
89
where: C, =
72

2
= 32.5 feet
Increment
R:
53
3865.25
Rz?
1065.25
R3
62.24
Cl
C2
11.04
22.08
53 540 292656.30
3865.25
543.57
0.08 0.10
1.02 0.45
4537.25
1137.25
67.96
0.24 0.28
59 540 292656.30
5281.25
15 65
4537.25 544.18
1281.25 74.20
1.06 0.43
0.38 0.41
3 1.98 63.96
92.48 184.96
49.55 99.11
65 540 292656.30
5281.25
544.87
1.10 0.40
93.55 187.10
6097.25
1497.25
80.86
0.52 0.50
62.98 125.96
7 1 540 292656.30
6097.25
545.62
1.14 0.38
94.34 188.69
27 77
6985.25
77 540 292656.30
1785.25
6985.25
87.83
546.43
0.63 0.54
1.17 0.36
72.66 145.31
94.95 189.89
7945.25
2145.25
95.05
0.73 0.55
79.44 158.88
95.41 190.81
21
33
59
71
83
91.02 182.03
83 540 292656.30
7945.25
547.3 1
1.19 0.34
39
8977.25
2577.25
102.46
89 540 292656.30
45 95 10081.25
8977.25
3081.25
548.25
110.03
0.81 0.55
1.22 0.33
0.87 0.54
95 540 292656.30 10081.25
549.26
1.24 0.31
84.17
95.77
87.47
96.05
3657.25
117.72
0.93 0.52
89.82 179.65
101 540 292656.30 11257.25
550.32
1.25 0.30
96.27 192.55
4305.25
125.52
0.98 0.49
107 540 292656.30 12505.25
551.46
1.27 0.28
91.52 183.03
96.46 192.9 1
89
51 101
57 107
11257.25
12505.25
168.33
191.53
174.95
192.10
where: c,= urct $

i 31
73
Table 8. ApproachEmbankmentSettlement
SummaryCalculationsfor Incrementof Stressesat Depth
z = 37.5 feet
b
R:
RZ
R3
Cl
3
53
9
59
15
65
21
71
27
77
33
83
39
89
45
95
51
101
57
107
53
540
59
540
65
540
71
540
77
540
83
540
89
540
95
540
101
540
107
540
4215.25
293006.30
4887.25
293006.30
5631.25
293006.30
6447.25
293006.30
7335.25
293006.30
8295.25
293006.30
9327.25
293006.30
10431.25
293006.30
11607.25
293006.30
12855.25
293006.30
1415.25
4215.25
1487.25
4887.25
1631.25
5631.25
1847.25
6447.25
2135.25
7335.25
2495.25
8295.25
2927.25
9327.25
3431.25
10431.25
4007.25
11607.25
4655.25
12855.25
64.99
543.89
70.49
544.51
76.53
545.19
83.00
545.94
89.80
546.75
96.87
547.63
104.15
548.57
111.61
549.57
119.20
550.64
126.90
551.77
0.07
0.95
0.20
1.00
0.33
1.04
0.45
1.08
0.55
1.11
0.65
1.14
0.73
1.17
0.80
1.19
0.86
1.21
0.91
1.23
Increment
c2
0.09
0.47
0.25
0.46
0.38
0.44
0.47
0.42
0.52
0.40
0.55
0.38
0.56
0.36
0.56
0.35
0.54
0.33
0.53
0.32
=z
9.42
88.54
27.68
90.46
43.78
91.89
56.85
92.97
66.91
93.80
74.41
94.45
79.91
94.96
83.94
95.36
86.90
95.68
89.11
95.95
18.84
177.09
55.37
180.91
87.55
183.77
113.71
185.94
133.83
187.60
148.82
188.89
159.82
189.91
167.88
190.72
173.81
191.37
178.21
191.90
Increment of Stress = 3105.92 (psi)
where: Cl = arct f
B(
74
Table 9. ApproachEmbankmentSettlement
SummaryCalculationsfor Incrementof Stressesat Depth
2 = 42.5 feet
Increment
b
R:
Ri
R3
3
53
9
59
15
65
21
71
27
77
33
83
39
89
45
95
51
101
57
107
53
540
59
540
65
540
71
540
77
540
83
540
89
540
95
540
101
540
107
540
4615.25
293406.30
5287.25
293406.30
6031.25
293406.30
6847.25
293406.30
7735.25
293406.30
8695.25
293406.30
9727.25
293406.30
10831.25
293406.30
12007.25
293406.30
13255.25
293406.30
1815.25
4615.25
1887.25
5287.25
2031.25
6031.25
2247.25
6847.25
2535.25
7735.25
2895.25
8695.25
3327.25
9727.25
3831.25
10831.25
4407.25
12007.25
5055.25
13255.25
68.00
544.26
73.27
544.87
79.10
545.56
85.37
546.30
92.00
547.12
98.92
547.99
106.06
548.93
113.39
549.94
120.86
551.01
128.47
552.14
Cl
0.05
0.89
0.17
0.94
0.28
0.99
0.39
1.03
0.49
1.06
0.58
1.09
0.66
1.12
0.73
1.14
0.79
1.17
0.84
1.19
c2
0.08
0.49
0.22
0.48
0.34
0.46
0.44
0.45
0.50
0.43
0.54
0.41
0.56
0.40
0.57
0.38
0.56
0.36
0.55
0.35
0,
8.15
85.84
24.23
88.19
38.92
89.98
5 1.43
91.37
61.55
92.45
69.47
93.30
75.55
93.98
80.19
94.52
83.71
94.96
86.40
95.32
15.29
171.68
48.26
176.37
77.84
179.97
102.86
182.74
123.11
184.90
138.95
186.61
151.11
187.96
160.37
189.05
167.42
189.93
172.80
190.64
Increment of Stress = 2999.06
where: Ct =
75
(psf)
Computesettlement.
Usethefollowingexpression:
p=~pi=~~iCR
log
i=l
i=l
a
l-1 vo
where:
n = numberof sublayers= 7
H; = thicknessof eachsubstrata= 5 ft
CR = Virgin Compression
Ratio = -
cc
Cl+ e0>
iTvf= Finalverticaleffectivestress= 5,o + A 5

Ova= Initial verticaleffectivestress
l
Determinevalueof CR:
cc
CR= Cl+ e0)
Use:
Gw=Se + e= F
Therefore:e. = T
2.78 x 0.35
M:
AssumedS = 100%
e. = 0.973
Thus:
CR = -
cc
0.35
(1-keO) (1 + 0.973)
76
= 0.177
. Apply expressions above; obtain table below:
12.5
949.5
3645.024
4594.524
0.60735 16 ft
17.5
1272.5
3537.818
4810.3 18
0.5 122418
22.5
1595.5
3430.215
5025.7 15
0.4419801
27.5
1918.5
3322.095
5240.595
0.3870922
32.5
2241.5
3213.811
5455.311
0.3426211
37.5
2564.5
3105.922
5670.422
0.3056625
42.5
2887.5
2999.06
5886.56
0.2743762
Total Settlement:
2.8713
34.46
77
ft
in

Example 2
FEDERFlLHIGHURYIDtlINISTRATION
nicrocomputar
dimensional
program
for
conputing
ona
uertical
settlement
due
to
embankment loads.
The progrw
follow
the
squatlonr
presented
by LanbeglJhitmrn <1969),
Ladd <1973 and PoulosBDauia (1974).
For the
case of a strtp symmetrical uertical
embankment
loadtng
tha program superinposas
tuo uarttcat
embankment loads. For the increment of uartical
atratset
at
ml-d of
fill,
the
program
cuperlmposes a series of rectangular
loads.
Uersion
compression
Z.BWIktohr
PROTOTYPEEHGINEERIHG INC.
57 blestland hnue
Uinchester,
WI 61898
<617) 729~2363
Mtn.
1991
Dr. klfrsdo
Hit
Urzua
<FIB> to continue
OPENINGSCREEN
E:lfilBiRRliKaZYmil
paraM*.
Uater table definitionStress
history
Uertical
Stlncremnt
system of Units
Naintain file
Run orooram
A tllcrocorrputer
program for
corcputing
one
dimensional cespression
uertical
settlment
due
loads.._. The prograti
. to embankmmt
.
.
_follous
the
equations
presentad
by
La~beNlJhit~an
09691, Ladd <1973> and Pou~oE~D~~~P (1974).

symmetrical uertical
tue uertiul
embankwmt
loads.
For the
lnorerrsnt
of uertical
stresses at end of
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or USC arrow
thcr
PROTOTWEENCINEERIHG IHC.
57 Lkst1and Avslnla
ULnchester, H6 Bi89G
<617) 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Cllfrado Urzua
3
flake solntian.
E?BAHH MIN IllMU - SELECTION OF ROJECT DEFINITIWi
78
I
Pro&t
tialrc
ProJect
Hanager
s increment
s
= Flppmach Embankment
= hlNl
= EXMPLEZ. EtlB
= YlW32
<tltVDD~YY~
=m
dleensional
oou
due to embankme
the equations
<1969>, Iadd 41
Hit <FM) to l coept ualuer m
For the case of
INEERIN8 INC.
enbankwnt loading the program ouperimposee
57 Uestland Ruenue
tuo uertlcal
embankment
loads.
For the
Uinchestsr,
tW 81888
increment
of uertical
strssses at end of
(6171 723-2363
fill,
the pmgrarr ruperlnpomes
a series of
Mtn.
Dr. 8lfredo
Urzua
rectangular
loads.
PROJECTDEFINITI(m SCREEN
Nain
project
Stress
history
Uertical
stsyrterc of Units
tiaintain
file
-
knu
Definition
lncrenent
A Illcroconputer
program for
computing
one
dimensional cenpreslon
vertical
settlement
due to mbankmnt
loads. The program follow
the equations
presented
by LactbegUhitean
<lg6g>, Ladd (1973) and Poulos&Dauis <lg74).
For the caee of a etrip
sytircetrlcal
uertlcal
superimposer
tuo uertlcal
eubankuent
loads.
For the
lncrenent
of
wrticd
stresses at end of
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
PROTOTVPERN8INRERIN8 INC.
57 Uestland guenue
Uinchester,
IYI 818.93
(617) 729-2X3
then 4-l
Rake selection.
Ell8fWK ilRIN IllMU - SELECTION OF SOIL PROFILE
79
A nicrocoaputer
program for
corcputing
one
dlnensional
conprersion
vertical
settlement
due to mabankHent
loads.
The prograrc follows
the
equations
presented
by LambeWhitman
<1969),
Ladd (1973
and Poulot&Daulr
<1974).
For the use ef a strip
symstrlcal
wrtical
enbanknent
loading
tho program
superimposes
loads.
tuo
vertical
enbankment
For
the
increnent
of
wrtlcal
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the progran
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
or use arrous
only,
then
Cr

67 Uestland
Ruenuw
Ulnchester,
I# 91990
<617) 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Alfmdo
Urzua
p Hake selection.
<Es&
Haln
Henu
SOIL PROFILE HMU - SELECTION OF UOID RRTIO PER LO6 STRESS
Layer
Number =
Eleu.
of
top
Number of
Sublayer
-----em-
of
layer
sublayers
leg.88
1 <for
thin
layer>
I
Unit
Layer
I
Sublayer
Sublayer
might
Type of
layer
Is this
the
of
soil
= 118.00
Layer
2
Sublayer
last
^
Space Bar-Next
SOIL DESCRIPTIM
ttem
layer
of
profile
Hit
Alt-H-Henu
No
<pie>
RND PlAAHETERS FOR LAYER Xl
80
to
contlnuc
Layer Number = 2
Sublayer
-e-1----
Eleu.
90.88
Number of sublayers
= 7 <for this
Unit ueight
= 127.88
layer)
1
- Layer
1
-------Sublryer
Sublayer
1
- Layer
2
soil
of
Type of layer
Layer sell
= b
t
properties
Corcpraslon
-----------Sublayer
of top of layer
Compressible
,I.
Index
Raconpression
Index Erti
2
Suelling
Index
is this
the last
Estimated
layer
frm
of profile
blogp
curues
No
Hit <F9> to Prev. Layer Hit <PlB> to contlnuc

Press space bar to see menu options and then <Ret> to input values
SOIL DESCRIPIIDN A)(D PMFltlETERS FOR LAYER It2
Layer Soil
Initial
Pr
Uatcr Content
Specific
Grauity
of Solids
= 7 <for this
,Degree of Saturation
-
layer)
Hit <Fig> to accept ualues
Sublayer
Sublayer
Type of layer
= initial
Sublayer
Recompression
content
from e-logp
curucs
Index Estimated
from e-logp
curues
Estimated
from e-logp
curues
Suelling
Index
Is this
the last
Hit <F9> to Prw.

IMTIL
wter
Estimated
Compression Index
Layer
2
Compressible
layer
Layer -
of
profile
Hit <FM> to continue
UCITERUrnTENT - LRYER t2
81
No
:
Layar Nucrber =
Elm.
----e---e
Layer
1
--------
of top of layer
Number of sublayers
= 7 <for
Unit
= 127.88
ueight
iayar)
Corrpmssible
propert les = Initial
eater
content
Conprcmmion Index
Layrr
2
2
Is this
r-
II
this
---------Sublayer
of soil
Type of layer
Layer scil
Sublaycr
90.88
the last
layer
of
profile
No
Hit <F9> to Prev. Layer Hit <Pl3> to continue

Press space bar to see nenu cptians and then <Ret> to input values
COHPRESSXON
INDEX tlEWU - FHUM1982)
n------=
Co:C,
The Federal Hlghuay Adninirtration

GWcI> In the soil
and Foundations Uarksknp nanual (1982) cstinatcs
the
SOil
Coepraseion
Index by diuiding
the Inlttal
moisture content by 199.
this
Coxp. 11-&3X = Initial
uhero constant = 190
Constant
= m
ssible
Mt. <FM> to accept value i

Corrpresslon
-------Sublayer
Layer
2
2
layer)
Uater Content <in %) / Constant
Index
Recowpressian
eater
Computed using
Index Estinated
Suelling
Index
Is this
the last
Estimated
layer
- Hlt <F3> to Preu. Layer -
of
FHUc1<1982>
from e-logp
curues
from
curues
profile
e-logp
Ho
Hit <Fin> to continue
FHUM1982) PROCEDURE
SCREEN
82
content
Conprcsslon
Layer
Number =
Index
Elau.
of top
Nunbar
Sublayer
of
of sublayers
9e.w
7 <for
this
layer)
1
Unit
Layer
1
Sublrycr
Sublayer
ulght
Type of
Layer
of
hyar
2
soil
properties
Suelllng
p
Press
tprce
bar
= 127.w
=
Index
the
uater
Corcputed
using
Estlnated
last
content
FHUA<1982)
Index
this
Compressible
= lnltlal
Index
Raconpresslon
Is
roll
lasr
Conpresslon
Sublayer
l8yer
from
e-logp
curuas
lay
Hit <F9> to Prev.

to see menu options
Layer and then

<Ret> to lnput values
RECOHPRESSIffl INDEX HEM - FHbM198Z)
Reconpression
Index
The Federal
Hlghury
Rdtiinlstration
and Foundations
Uorkshop
tlanual
Recompmssion
Index
by dividing
moisture
content
by 1988.
<MUA) In the
rolls
<1982> estimates
the
soil
the
initial
1s layer)
Recoup. Index
uhmrm Constant
= Initial
= 1890
Uatar
Constant
Hit
L8yer
2
<in
%) / Constant
ible
= m
to
racept
ualues
Coccprmlon
-------Sublayer
<FlR>
Content
Index
Reconpmssion
Index
ter
content
Computed
using
FHlJM1982)
Computed
using
FHUMl982~
Estimated
from
2
Sualllng
IO this
Hit
<F9> to
Index
the
last
Preu.
layer
Layer
RECOHPRESSION INDEX - FtRM1982)
83
of
-
profile
Hit
e-logp
curues
No
<F10> to
PROCEDURESCREEN
continue
Sml
Recompression
Index ----I
I.
Layer Number= 2
Eleu.
-------Layer
1
--------
------
-___
Layer
2
of top of layer
30.88
Number of sublayers
Unit wight
= 127.88
of soil
7 <for thlr
Type of layer
Layer soil
propertler
= Initial
Conpression
Index
Recompression
layer)
Compressible
uatcr
content
Computed using FWM1982~
Index Computed using FHIA<1982>
Suelling
Index
lo this
the last
lay
Ettlmated
from
e-logp
curws
Hit <F9> to Prev. Layer

Press space bar to see nerw options and then <Ret> to Lnput ualucs
WELLING INDM - LAYER UZ
ReEowpression Index
Layer Number = 2
Sublayar 1
---w-w-Layer
i
_----_-_-
Eleu.
of top of layer
90.m
Number of sublayers
Unit ueight
= 127. w
of soil
7 <for this
Type of layer
Layer soil
= Initial
layer)
Conpressiblc
Sublayer n
Sublaycr
propertlcs
Coccpression lndew
Sublayer
L8yW
2
Recoaprsssion
Suelling
IO this
urter
content
1
Index Computed using FHWi9Rt>
Index
ths
Computed uslng PHUM1982>
last
Sane as recompression
layer
of profile
index
Hit <P9> to Preu. Layer Hit <Fig> to continue

Space Bar-Next lten
Rlt-N-tlenu
DEFINING LIYER 82 CIS LAST LAYER OF SOIL PROFILE
84
11
1
3
I
Layer Nuder
= 2
of top of layer
Eleu.
Hurtber
Sublayer
----s-v--
Sublayer
Sublaycr
of sublayers
90.W
7 <for
thfs
layer)
1
/
Eleu.
of botton
Hit
of last
layer
to accept
<Fl6>
Cacrprcaion
= m
iblc
I
-I
ualuc
ter content
Conputcd using FWA<l982>
Index
Layer
2
Sublayar
Index Coaputsd using FWA<i982~
Recompression
Suelling
Is thin
Index
the
Iast
Hit <F9> to Preu.
index
Same as reconpression
layer
of profile
Layer -
Yes
Hit <FM>
to
continue
=d
DEFINING THE THICKNESS OF THE SOIL PROFILE
Ilain tknu -=====q

Definition
project
E:Jfj;yN 1; silaintain
file
(I
computing
one
tlicroconputer
program for
wrtical
settlement
due to et&tanhmmt loads. The program follous
the
equations
presented
by LaebeRlJhitnan
<1969). Iadd (1973) and Poulos&Dauis <1974>.
sycrrtetrical
uertical
embankment
tuo
uertlul
tncrenent
fill,
loading
the
progrm
embankment
of wrtiul
stresses
rectangular
PROTOTYPEEWINEERItG INC.
57 Uestland Avanue
Ulnchestar,
M 81898
superimposes
loads.
For
the
at end
a series
of
of
Attn.
(617)
Dr.
729-2363
llfredo
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then
+I
llake
selection.
E?ll%M WIN IlMlJ - SELECTION OF UATER TABLE DEFINITIOW
85
lJrzu8
tiain
tknu
eu. of Uatar Table

El llicroconputar
pro
diaansional
conprass
Hit <FlR> to accept ualues
due to qnbanknant
loa
the
equations
prassntad
by LambsSUhitaan
(1969)r
Ladd <1373> and PoulomBDault
(1974).
For tha casa of a strip
sywstrical
uartical
asbankaent
loading
the prograa
suparinporer
tuo
uartiul
embankrant
loads.
For
the
incrsnent
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
superinposas
a sariae
of
rectangular
loads.
UWIER TABLE RT ELEURTION 95 FT.
lhln
llenu
proJact
Dafinitlon
soil
Profile
and 0011 paraw
Uatar table deflnltion
R llicrocowputer
program for
coctputlng
one
dimenrlonl
compression
vertical
settlement
due to mbanknent
loads.
The prograa
follow
the
equations
presented
by Larrbe&Uhltnan
<1969),
kdd
<1373> and PoulosLDauis
<1974).
For ths casa of a rtrlp
syrtaetrical
wrtical
aabankaent
loading
tha progras
superlrcposas
tuo
usrtical
eabankmnt
loads.
For
the
increment
of
uertical
stresses
at
snd of
fill,
the progran
supcrinposer
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then
4J
PROTOTYPE ENMNEERIN6 INC.

57 t&&land
Auenue
Uinchestor,
NA 81898
<617) 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Alfred0
Urrua
a Nake selection.
<Esc> b Nain
COIIPRESSIBLE LAYER IS DEFINED AS NOAHALLY CONSOLIDATED
86
Nenu
FEDERClL HIGHUAY ~DHINISTRCITID
F
Em EM
R tlicrocomputer
program
dimensional
comwsrsion
due to embank&
loads.
the
equations
presented
kin tlenu -1
Definition
sol1 Profile
and soil parm.
project
Strtrs
for
computing
one
ucrtlcal
settlment
The program follow
by
LmbegUhitrun
PROTOTYPE ENGIHEERlIUi INC.
57 Uestland
Awnue
Ulnchester,
tlA 81898
<617> 729-2363
fittn.
Dr. Alfredo Ursua
embankrrent loading
the program
superirtpases
loads.
tuo
vcrt lcal
errbankrcent
For the
lncrewent
of uertical
stresses
at
end of
the program
loads.
file
Flntain
<1969>, Ladd (1973) and PoulosgDavls <1974>.

For the cese of a strlp
syr+atrical
uertlcel
fill,
hlrtory
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
Enter letter
only,
EtlGAfW WIN
or use l rrous
then
HENU - SELECTIOH OF UERIICAL
t Hake selection.
STRESS IWCREHENT
I-
dilrcnsional
compressIon
due to nrbmnkment loads.
the
cquatlons
presented
superimposes
embankment loading
the program
For
the
tuo
uertical
enbankment
loade.
increment
of uertical
stresses at end of
fill,
the program
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
loeds.
Enter
letter
UERTIW
only,
tknu
-i
ucr
The progran
follow
by Lambe&tJhftsan
<1969>, Ladd <1973 and PoulosSDauir (1974).

For the use of a strip syctrcetriul
uertical
thin
or use arrow
then
llakc
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERING IHC.

57 Uestland Avenue
Uincheeter,
(617)
Wtn.
Dr.
selection.
HA 81898
729-2363
lllfredo
Urzua
<Eso> b tlain
STRESS INCREtlENt IlEMJ - SELECTION OF END OF FILL COHDITION
87
ilenu
PID OF FILL
CONDITION
CWWICTERISTICS OF FILL
Height of fill
= 3e.a
Uldth of top of fill
u = lBB.B9
Unit uelght
of fill
= 139.99
COORDINATES
pojnt
A: xl =
Polnt B: x2 =
e.ee
68.88
yl =
y2 =
e.ee
i&Be
POINTS FOR CCRlFWTbTIOH OF SETTLEtlWC

celculat,e
in
= X Point
x coordinate
= ile.88
/
Y
coardlnats
t
H
-/
=m
INC.
e
SB
FWTIOW
ELEU.
x = iee.ee
Hit
<pie>
END OF FILL
FED-
to accept
valuer
GEOHETRY - POINT A COORDINRTES
HIGWAY
AMINISTRATION
Nain nenu
pro&et
oefinltlon
soil
Profilm
and soil
parerr.
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Uertiul
rtrari
increment
ewten
of Unite
b nicrocorrputer
program for
computing
one.
dimensional
oorcprcsslon
ucrtical
settlement
dw to embmkment
loads.
Ihe program follous
thm mquatlons
prmrmted
by Lmbe&lJhitmen
(1969>,
Ledd (1973) and PoulosBDauis
<1974).
For the uee of . strip
symmetrical
vertical
Mnkrrmt
loading
tke progru
superirtposes
tuo
uertical
wbmkment
loads.
For
the
increment
of uertiul
stresses
at
end of
fill,
thr prograrc
superixposm
I series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERI&
INC.
57 Uestlsnd
13wnuo
Ulnche&r,
nfi 81898
t 617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfredo
Urzus
t Nake selection.
EtlBFY(( RAIN HENU - RUN PROGRAN
88
It*.
1
2
ONE DINRMXML SmLEHENt LWALYSIWFcderal Hlghwy Wnlnintration

INCRFJWI OF STRESSESBENEATHTHE END OF FILL CW4DITIoN
LAW8
COEFFICIENT
SPECIFIC WID
UNIT
TYPE THICK. CUW. RECOtlP. SUELL. UEI6HT CRAUITY WIT10 Settlement
<rt>
<pcf)
<In.)
IWCOllP. 18.0
CorlP. 35.0
0.350
----0.035
----8.835
lie.08
127.00
--2.78
Total
SuBLlww
NQ. THICK.
<f0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
ItmtlP.
5.68
5.m
5.w
5.88
S.BB
5.00
Hit wrau
RLlIu.
(ft.)
INITIAL
<prf)
87.58
82.58
77.sB
72.58
67.58
62.50
949.58
1272. se
1595.58
1918.58
2241.50
2564.58
keys to display
Settlement
SOIL STRESSES
IWCREtlENT HAX.PCISTPRESS.
<psf>
<pof)
3645.83
3537.82
3438.22
3322.11
3213.84
3105.97
a.97
34.46
34.46
SETTLMENT
<in.)
949.50
1272.58
1595.58
1918.58
2241.50
2564.58
next ~cmcn.
<FE> Print.
7.29
6.15
5.30
4.65
4.11
3.67
<FIB> Main tknu -
PROCR!MlOUTPUT- PRRTILL SCREEN
N*.
I
2
ONE DImIONAL
SETTLENEWTMf4LY!XVFsderal
Hlghuay Adnlnirtration
INCRmENT OF STRESSESEMEATH THE END OF FILL WNDITION
SPECIFIC
VOID
COEFFIClMI
UNIT
LAYER
TYPE THIQ<. COHP. RECOtiP. SUBLL. NEIGHI GRAUITY RATIO Settlewent
tin.1
<f0
<pcf)
INCorlP. 18.8
COP. 35.0
----m
8.358
--w-m
8.835
&ES
118.88
127.80
Total
SUELAYER
NO. THICK ELEU.
<ft>
cft)
1
2
3
z
6
7
INCOnP.
5.m
87.58
5.88
82.58
5.80
5.W
5.88
Nlt arrou
77.58
72.50
67.50
62.58
--2.78
Settlement
-0.97
34.46
34.46
I
INITIAL
<prf)
JNC
<
949.58
1272.58
3645.03
3537.82
949.58
1272.58
7.29
6.15
1595.
191B.58
se
2241.58
2564.58
3439.22
3322.11
3213.84
3185.97
1595. se
1918.50
2241.58
2564.58
5.38
4.65
4.11
3.67
keys to display
next screen.
<FB> Print.
Url8> Haln Menu
SELECTION OF DISK FILE PRINTED OUTPUT
89
ONE DItMSICML
SRTTLEHENI ANALYSIS/Federal
Nlghuey Mmlnlotratlon
INCRRlENT OF STRESSESUENEFIIHTHE END OF FILL CONDITIOM
y dlrec.
=
68.88 <ft)
Unit uelght
of Ill1
= 138.88
Eltbrnkrtcnt
top uidth
= lgg.Bg <ft>
p load/unit
area
= 3we.w
Eabonkment bottom uldth
= 228.88 <ft>
Foundation
Eleu.
= 188.88
6round Surface
Eleu.
= imee <ft)
=
Uater table
Eleu.
95.98 <ft)
Unit uelght
of blat. =
62.48
LAYER
TYPE THICK.
NQ.
COEFFICIENT
CWlP. RECONP. WELL.
UNIT
UEIGHI
<pcf)
<fU
SPECIFIC
GRAUIN
UOID
RATIO
Dostinatlon
1
2
INCOllP.
COtlP.
1e.e
35.8
----8.835
a.358
SUBLAYRR
THIGH.
ELRU.
<ft.)
(ft)
N*.
Hit
arrou
keys
display
next
screen.
34.46
SETTLEHDIT
(in.1
<FlB> Ilain
llenu -
OUTPUT FILE MlE
ONB DIMENSIONAL SBlTLgWBHT ANALYSISlPed~ral

Sighway Administration
INCRBNBNT O? STRESSES BBNBATB TEB BND 01 PILL CONDITION
project
Nama
Plla Noma
Data
Bmbsnk.
for
I direc.
y dlroc.
Bmbankment top width
ankmmt
bottcm width
ground surface
Blev.
Water
table
Blov.
N* .
1
a
Client
Projact
I Approach Jmbankmmt
I RxANPLBa.mB
s 1o/oa/91
sstt1ewnt
alopo,
x =
=
=
=
=
=
i
Corputad
110.00
60.00
60.00
100.00
a10.00
100.00
95.00
(tt)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft.)
(ft)
(ft)
INCONP. 10.0
COWP. 35.0
----0.350
----0.035
Y I
Na.'
1
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
SOBLAYBR
TEICX.
BLEV.
(ft)
(ft)
INCONP.
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
67.50
ea.50
77.50
71.50
67.50
61.50
57.50
INITIAL
(Pet)
949.50
ia7a.50
1595.50
1916.50
1141.50
1564.50
1887.50
arrow
keys
to dlaplay
(a)
(pcf)
Unlt
(pcf)
----0.035
weight
DNIT
WBIQBT
(pcf)
of Wat.
cram.
90
(fti)
61.40
VOID
RATIO
---a.78
---0.97
34.46
34.46
110.00
ia7.00
3645.03
3537.81
343o.aa
3311.11
3113.84
3105.97
a999 .i3
(p*f)
SPBCIPIC
QRAVITY
Settlopsnt
SOIL STP.BSSBS
INCwAx.PAsT
(PSf)
(Psi)
next
(it)
=
30.00
= 130.00
* 3900.00
= 100.00
Settlement
c?S> Print.
Settlement
tin.1
SBTTLBMSNT
(in.)
PRBSS.
7.19
6.15
5.30
4.65
4.11
3.67
3.19
949.50
1171.50
1595.50
1918.50
aa41.50
1564.50
a8.97.50
Total
Bit
60.00
Height of fill
E
Unit weight
of fill
D load/unit
area
Poundation
81W.
coPPPIcIEm
CONP. RBCONP. SWBLL.
LAYNR
TYPE TEICK.
(it)
t Any Client
2 ADN
t OUI
Nmagar
by
Total
Settlement
<in.)
PRESS.
<FE> Print.
DISK FILE PRINTED OUTPUT - DESTINITION
<pcf)
Film
Sattlrnant
SOIL STRESSES
INCREllEHT HW.PRST
<prf)
<psf>
INlTllL
<psf)
to
<pcf>
<psf)
<ft>
----e.ws
Total
34.46
(in.)
<PlO> Main Nemu-
EMBANKAppendixB Example2
file! and roil

bla deflnltlan
b IlIcrocomputer
prograM f
dimnsional
compresston
uer
due to embankment loads. The program
follow
the
equations
presented
by Lambe&UhItman
<1969),
<1974>.
synmstrical
um-ttcal
For the usa of a rtrlp
embankment loading ths program
superlmposss
uartiul
embankment
tuo
loads.
For ths
increment
of uertical
stresses at end of
fill,
the program
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
or use arrous then 4
only,
WNK
par..
PROTOTYPE B(CINEERIN6
57 Uestland hmua
Uinchestar,
(6171
Mtn.
Dr.
selection.
tlakc
IlQ Big90
729-2363
filfrcdo
Urzua
<EM> b Main llenu
IlllIN HENU - VERTICAL STRESS INCREllENT mu
END OF FILL
CONDITION ~-1
CWIRICTERISTICS OF FILL
Holght of fill
= 38.88
u = 1BB.M
Unit ucight
of fill
= 138.88
CDORDIIWES
Point b: xi =
Point B: x2 =
INC.
8.88
68.88
yi =
y2 =
1
iiil
parrm.
8.88
68.88
ading
POINTS FOR COllPUTATION OF SETTLEMENT

calculate
in
= X Point
x coordinate
= iie.ee
/
/
Y
coordinate
1
H
-H------J
+
I
qm
INC.
FOUNDATION RU%J.
s = lee.88
ie
Hit
<FIB>
END OF FILL
to accept ualues
GECMETRY - POINT C COORDIWTES
91
rsua
tltcrownpuhr
program for
computing
dhmsional
compression
vertical
settlertent
due to embanknent
loads.
The program fallout
the
equations
presented
<1969>, Ladd <1973> and
by
La,rtbe&Uhitnan
(19741.
uertical
POUlOS(LbUiE
of a strip ryrtmetric81
ading the program
rtiu1
strsarsr
at
l
Enter
letter
only,
end
msrlss
or use arrous
PROTOTYPEEHCINEERING INC.
57 uert1and h.mlus
Ulnchcatur,
IW 81898
<6iT) 7294363
of
of
then +J
k Make selection.
EllBRNK MAIN MENU - RUH PROGRflN
ONE DIllENSIONAL SE'l7LEtlENT ANALYSIS/Federal

Hlghuay
INCREtlENT OF STRESSES RENERIH THE END OF FILL
Pro&t
Project
Nae
Nufkr
: dpproach Enbanknent
: 91-1235
Date
: mAw91
Settlement
Embank.
slope,
Eltbankment
top
for X = 110.00<ft)
x direr.
y direc.
uidth
Embankaent bottom uidth

Ground Surface
Eleu.
Uater table Eleu.
LAYER
HP.
Client
PraJect
llanager
Computed by
TYPE
68. Rg <ft>
68.68 <Ft)
=
=
=
=
188.88 <ft>
ZZg.gg (ft)
imee (ft)
C@lP. RECOHP. SUELL.
(ft)
i
-
armu
: M
: au
8.88 <ft)
p load/unit
Foundation
area
61s~.
Destination
UNIT
UEIGHT
SPECIFIC
GRAUIN
38.88
keys
----to
display
----next
il9.W
screen.
UOID
RATIO
Settlement
tin.1
---
<Fg> Print.
<FlE?> bin
DISH FILE PRINTED OUTPUT- DESTINITION OIJWUT FILE
92
<III)
= 138.88 41pcf)
= 39w.w
41prf)
= 109.88 <ft.)
1
File
tpcf,
INCOtP. 10.0
Hit
: Rny Client
Height
of fill
H
Unit ueight
of fill
=
=
COEFFICIENT
MICK.
Y=
timinlotration
CONDITION
Ilenu -
-
ONE DIMENSIONAL SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS/Federal

Highway AdministrationINCREMENT OF STRESSES BENEATH THE END OF FILL CONDITION
Project
Name
File Name
Date
: Approach Fmbankment
: EXAMPLEZ.EMB
: 10/02/91
Settlement
Embank.
for
x = 110.00
x direc.
y direc.
Embankment top width
Embankment bottom width
Ground Surface
Elev.
=
=
=
:
=
Water
table
Elev.
LAYER
TYPE THICK.
ift)
tJ*.
slope,
Client
Prolect
Manager
Computed by
60.00
60.00
100.00
220.00
100.00
95.00
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(Et)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(pcf
lpsf
(ft)
Unit
(pcfj
weight
UNIT
WEIGHT
(pcf)
5
6
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
7
8
5.00
VOID
RATIO
_-__
0.97
7.51
7.51
--_-_
___--
110.00
----
0.035
0.035
127.00
2.78
Settlement
SOIL STRESSES
INCREMENT MAX.PAST PRESS.
(PSf)
(psf)
87.50
82.50
77.50
72.50
67.50
62.50
57.50
5.00
248.05
343.85
432.56
513.52
586.22
650.45
706.28
949.50
1272.50
1595.50
1919.50
2241.50
2564.50
2887.50
Settlement
(in.)
SETTLEMENT
(in.)
Hit
arrow
keys
to display
next
screen.
FEDERIIL HIGWM
Nicrocomputer
1.07
1.04
1.01
Settlement
<Fe> Print.
(in.1
7.51
<FlO>
Main Menu -
FlDllINISTRRTlON
I-
strip
1.07
1.11
1.11
1.10
949.50
1272.50
1595.50
1918.50
2241.50
2564.50
2887.50
Total
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
-----
INITIAL
(PSf)
62.40
INCOMP.
2
3
of Wat.
0.350
SUBLAYER
ELEV.
THICK.
(ft)
(ft)
ifti
=
30.00
= 130.00
= 3900.00
= 100.00
Total
NE.
0.00
Y =
Height
of fill
H
Unit velght
of fill
p load/unit
area
Foundation
Elev.
COEFFICIENT
COMP. RECOMP. SWELL.
INCOMP. 10.0
COMP. 35.0
: Any Client
: AUM
: aum
Srmetrical
tiain tknu -I
project Definition
soil Profile
and roll
Uater table deflnftfon
strass history
param.
uertical
progran
dinensional compression ucr

due to embankment
loads. The pmgram follow
the
eqwtlom
presented
by
lambe&UhItrtan
<1969>, Ladd C13773) and PoulooBDauio <19?4>.

For thr cwm of a rtrlp
ryaaetrical
uartical
mbankmmt
loading the program
suparlmposes
For the
tuo
uertical
embankment
loads.
incrmmnt
of
umrtlcal
stresses at 8nd of
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then 4
PROTOTYPE ENGIHEERIHG IHC.

57 Uestland
Avenue
Uinchestar,
(617)
Mtn.
b tlake selection.
#IA81898
723-2363
Dr. Alfred0
<Esc>
Urzua
Nain
EHBFYIK IWIN IlEtlU - SELECTION OF UERTICAL STRESS INCREtlENT MENU
93
tlenu
END OF FILL CDtiDITIOlt
I
-=I
a
CHLRACTERIBTICBOF FILL
Height of fill
= 3B.W
u = 1EB.W
Unit uelght of fill
= El&Ml
COORDIMTES
Polnt A: xl =
Point B: x2 =
B.BB
68.98
yl =
yz =
param.
El.88
60.00
ading
POINTS FOR CDllWIAIION OF SETTLERENT

calculate
in
q
X Direction
Xl coordirutc
=
38. BB
xi! CoordINtc
= i9e.ee
delta x
y coordINtc
I
/
Y -H--I
FOUNDClTIOW
ELEU.
s = i0e.ee
I
Hit
<FlB> to accept valuer
END OF FILL GEOllETRY - SETTLEHER IN X-DIRECTIOW
I
KI
Haln Menu
project Definition
soil Profile
and soil pararr.
Stress history
Umrtical stress iocrmmt
syrtm of Units
tiaintain
flla
A Nicrooomputm program for

computing
one
vertical
SettletWIt
due to anbanhmot. loads. The progra follow
the aguationn
pmsentad
by Lscrbeeuhitmsn
<lB69>, Ladd <lsn> sod PoulosRDauls <1974>.
For the ease of a strip symmetrical uertical
eabankaent loading ths progracc tupmriwposar
tuo uertical
embankment
loads.
For the
increment
of wrtiul
stresses at end of
fltl,
the program suparimposas
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then 4
PROTOTYPEENGINEERIIS INC.
57 tkst1and Ruamue
Uinchestrw,
I@ em0
<617) 72%2363
p Nake selection.
ENBRNNNr\lM tlENU - RUN PROGRRU
94

ONE DltlENSIONAL SETILEHENT RNCILYSIWFederal Hlghuay Administrrtlon
INCREIIENT OF STRESSES BENEATH THE END OF FILL CONDITION
Project
Project
Name
: Approach Embankment
Client
Number
: 91-1239
: mAw91
Project
Dmt.8
Caputed
Settlement
Enbank. slope,
x dtrec.
68.88 (It)
y dins
68.88 <ft>
lee.88
<ft>
ZZB.BR <ft)
Enbankment top uidth

Embankment bottom uidth
Ground Surface
Eleu.
Uater table
Eleu.
NQ.
for
LRYER
TYPE THICK.
=
=
=
=
la&e8
by
arrow
keys
38.88<ft)
fill
Destination
138.88
File
<pd)
1
MAtlZD-D.OUf
unit
0f ht.
MoiBht
COEFFICIm
COllP. RECOllP. SUELL.
62.40 <pcf>
UNIT
SPECIFIC
VOID
IJEIGM
GRCWJITY
RATIO
<pcf>
-----
----
----
to display
next
screen.
Itcone. 18.8
Hit
: auI(
Height of fill
Unit ueight of
<ft.)
client
X-Dircctlon
<ftJ
<ft)
95.88
: any
: Aun
Nanager
1lE.W
---
<FB> Print.
---
<FlB>
Nain
tlanu -
SELECTION OFDISK FILE PRINTED OUTPUT- DESTIMTION FILE
ONE DIMENSIONAL SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS/Federal

Highway
INCREMENT OF STRESSES BENEATH THE END OF FILL
: Approach Embankment
: EXAMPLEZ.EMB
: 10/02/91
Project
Name
File Name
Date
Client
Project
Manager
Computed by
Settlement
Embank.
slope,
x direc.
y direc.
Ground Surface
Elm.
Water table
Elev.
LAYER
TYPE THICK
(ft)
NI3.
1
2
INCCMP. 10.0
COMP. 35.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
I
Stress
(PSf)
INCOMP.
1607.73
1496.84
1404.36
1328.79
1267.55
1217.89
1177.30
Hit
arrow
INCOMP
4.58
3.59
2.92
2.43
2.07
1.80
1.58
______
18.97
Height of fill
H
Unit weight
of fill
p load/unit
area
Foundation
Elm.
=
30.00
= 130.00
= 3900.00
= 100.00
(ft)
(pcf)
(psf)
(ft)
Unit
(pcf)
weight
of Wat.
UNIT
WEIGHT
(PCf)
_____
0.350
110.00
1.27. 00
_____
0.035
_____
0.035
SOIL STRESSES
INITIAL
(PSf)
87.50
82.50
17.50
72.50
67.50
62.50
57.50
30.00
keys
X-Direction
(ft)
(ft)
ift)
(ft)
ift)
(ft)
ELEV.
(ft)
Sett.
(in.)
: Any Client
: AUM
: awn
COEFFICIENT
COMP. RECOMP. SWELL.
INCOMP.
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
x=
Layer
60.00
60.00
100.00
220.00
100.00
95.00
SUBLAYER
THICK.
(ft)
Nf3.
1
2
3
4
5
6
=
=
=
=
=
1
for
949.50
1272.50
1595.50
1918.50
2241.50
2564.50
2887.50
x=
110.00
x=
Stress
(psf)
sett.
(in.1
Stress
(PSf)
INCOMP.
1946.78
1941.44
1932.52
1919.59
1902.51
1881.37
1856.48
to display
5.16
4.28
3.67
3.21
2.84
2.54
2.30
1607.73
1496.84
1404.36
1328.79
1267.55
1217.89
1177.30
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
62.40
VOID
RATIO
____
____
2.78
0.97
MAX.PAST PRESS.
(PSf)
949.50
1272.50
1595.50
1918.50
2241.50
2564.50
2887.50
190.00
Sett.
(in. 1
4.58
3.59
2.92
2.43
2.07
1.80
1.58
18.97
23.99
next
AdministrationCONDITION
screen.
95
<F8> Print.
<FlO> Main Menu -
EMBANK Appendix 6 Example 2
fi tlIcrocofiputer
prograrr for
couputlng
one
dimensional
coflpression
vertical
settlement
due to embankrcent loads.
the progran
follous
the
equations
presented
by LanbeSUhltrun
<1969),
Ladd Cl9731 and Poulos~Dauls
<1974).
symmetrical
uertical
embankrwnt
loading
the program
superimposes
loads.
For
the
tuo
vertical
ertbankmant.
incrarrent
of
uertlcal
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the prograrr
superlwposas
a series
of
rectangular
loads.

57 Uestland
lkcnue
Uinchestsr,
ryI 01898
(617) 729-2363
lb-ma
Attn.
Dr. Alfmdo
L
Enter
lattw
only,
EIlB(INK lIpIN
or use arrous
then
cl
IlENU - SRLECTION OF IlAINTAIN
EM BIR II KI
A lilcrocomputer
prograM for
coaputlng
one
dluenslonal
coapression
uertlcal
settlement
due to embankwnt
loads.
The program follous
the
equations
presented
by La&e&Uhltman
(1969).
Ladd Cl973
and PoulosSDauls
<1974).
symmetrical
uertical
embarkment
loading
the program
superimposes
tuo
vertical
orrbankrtent.
loads.
For
the
increment
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
flll,
the program
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use awous
IlAINIAIN
t hake sslectlon.
then
FILE
tlaln tlenu project

Definition
soil
Profile
and soil
~arsrr.
Uatsr table
deflnltlon
Stress
history
Uertlcal
stress
Increment
system of Units
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERIM? INC.

57 Ucstland
&mue
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b Hake selection.
FILE NENU - S!%ECTION OF S(WE FILE
96
<Esc> t Main &mu
project
Definition
soil
Profile
and soil
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
uertic.1
stress
inc-nt
pararr.
I
llicrocompuhr
progrsu
for
computing
one
dilrenmionai
compression
uertical
s&t,Destination
File .-,
due to embankrant
loads.
The program f
EXANPLEZ.MB
the
eaurtions
u-nted
bu LambeW
<1969);
Ladd <19+9> and Poul&3Dauis
<1974).
symmetrical
uerticai
PROTOTYPE ENcINEERltiG INC.
smbankrrent
loading
the pmgrarc superimposes
57 uestimd
auenue
tuo
vertical
embankment
loads.
For
the
Uinchestar,
MI 91898
increment
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
<617) 729-2363
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the prograrr
superimposes
l series
of
Mtn. Dr. Alfred0
Urzur
rectangular
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L
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-1
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<Es&
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INPUT FILE RS EXRNPLEZ.EtlB
FEDERAL HIGHURY fiDtlINISTRATION

-
I
KI
A ilicrocomputer
program for
computing
one
dtrrensionai
corcpression
uertical
settlement
due to etibankrcent
loads.
The program folious
the
equations
presented
by LambsWhitman
<1969),
(19741.
symmetrical
uerticai
embankment loading
the program
superircposes
tuo
vertical
embankment
loads.
For
the
increment
of
vertical
stresses
at
and of
fill,
the ppograu
suparircposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
Rain tlem project

Definition
soil
Profile
and soil
param.
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Uerticai
stress
increment
system of Units
Naintain
file
Run program
m
>
PROTOTVPE WCINEERIIY;
INC.
57 kstland
Avanua
Uinchester,
IW 91898
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
Ursua
b Rake selection.
EllgANK NAIN NENU - EXIT TO DOS
97
A tllcrocomputer
program for
computing
ens
dirransional
compression
vertical
settlement
dus to smbanlment
loads.
Ths progrm
follow
the
equatlone
p-nted
by LambeSUhitrcan
<1969),
Ladd <IS73
and Poulos&Dauis
<1974).
For the casm of a strip
sywwkrical
usrtie~l
errbanknent
loading
the prograrc rupsri~possr
tuo
usrtlcal
embankment
loads.
For
the
Increctant
of
uertical
stresses
at
and of
fill,
the program
superimposas
a ssriss
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use iwvous
then
t tlakc
57 lkst1rnd
AMnu8
Ulnchatar,
IlA gig98
<617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
lh-zua
selection.
EXIT TO DOS NENU - YES SELECTtON
98
<Esc> W Ilain
ncnu
Example 3
99

~-
Example No. 3:
Highway Embankment Settlement

This exampleis presentedin Appendix C of the FHWA Report No.
FHWA/RD-86/W, entitled PrefabricatedVertical Drains, Vol. I:
EngineeringGuidelines.
Figure 12 depictsthe problem geometryand soil parameters.The clay
stratumis divided into threesublayers.
Table 10presentsa summaryof the computer-calculatedsettlementfor
points A through G.
Table 10. Summaryof Clay SurfaceSettlements

Point
Computer
A
B
8.92
63.07
62.17
56.50
37.96
C
D
E
F
G
Settlement(in)
Hand-calcuIated
63.09
56.53
14.44
14.46
8.92
8.95
Note that the symmetryof the problem is fully satisfied,as EMBANK

predictsthe sameamountof settlementfor points A and G.
CR = 0.2
RR = 0.04
cmy
(4 -
*It = 105pcf
60ft
SAND -
1
I
(4 m
zfrt)
-10
30
50
&II fpsf)
1000
1278
2130
Figure 12. Example 3: Highway embankmentsettlement
100
Not to scale
Example No. 3:
Highway Embankment Settlement
40.0
20 .O
77
T
It -105pcf
CR =0.2
RR =0.04
20.0
60.0
jt.2
20.0
Clay is overconsolidatedfrom 0 to 20 ft. A maximum past pressureof I&

= 1,000psf at z = 10 ft is used.
Settlementis computedat points B, D, F, and G and comparedto program
results.
Determinegeostaticeffective vertical stressesat points 1,2, and 3:
aI = 10 x 105- 10 x 62.4 =
426 psf
i$ = 30 x 105- 30 x 62.4 = 1278 psf

4 = 50 x 105- 50 x 62.4 = 2130 p$
Determineincrementsof vertical stressunderpoint 13;useprinciple of
superposition,as explainedin figure 5 of main text:
101
Therefore,incrementsof vertical stressesare computedin this caseas
two times the vertical stressincrementfor:
For the generalcaseshown below:

The vertical stressesare given by
p+ y
- $
(x - b)
In this case:
a=
40
b=
90
b-a=
50
x=
90
x- b=
Iherefore: a,=
mp=
tan(a+p)=
.
= 5 [P+ 2.25a]
(b-4
-=z
50
Z
90
-=-
a=arc
90
dl
-
z +
Computestressincrementsfor z = 10,30, and 50 ft:
zm
p=arctar
10
78.69006
30
50
59.03625
45.0
a=arc
4)
F -p
4.969741
12.52881
15.94539
102
bz= 5 [j + 2.25a]
2% PSf
1,248.222
2,496.444
1211.473
lJ23.294
2,422.940
23246.5870
Determineincrementsof vertical stressunderpoint D: useprinciple of

superposition,as indicatedbelow:
For (1) we have:

x= 140
a=40
b=90
(x - b) = 50
x
-=a
4o= 90
=,R;=
R;= 2*+(x-b)*
z*+ 50*
=Bp=arc
100
-6
$1
Z
tm(S+p+a)=~
@fI
*a=arc
140
-sZ
The resultsfor z = 10,30, and 50 ft are:
R;= z*+ 502
-+--b)
fl, bw9
78.69006
59.03625
5.599341
14.26451
1.62497
4.60449
2,600
3,400
0.1923077
0.4411765
45.0
18.43495
6.911229
5mo
0.5
103
3.726639
70.87047
194.1161
For the secondsuperpositionstep (2) we have:

x= 40
a=40
b= 90
(x--)=(40-90)=
-50
x
40
-z--=1
a 40
R; = z= -I- SO=
ma=
40
Z
a,=
p
Ic
p+
40
-
*a=arc
$1
y-<(x-b)]*al=fk+a+$]
The resultsfor z = 10,30, and 50 ft are indicatedin the table below:
z0
10
30
50
a
75.96376
53.13011
38.65981
R;= z= + 50=
78.69006
59.03625
45.0
uoo
3,400
5,000
(x - b)
3
0.1923077
0.4411765
0.5
CJz
(PSfi
2,301.003
1,908.943
1,559.829
Add stressincrementsfrom steps(1) and (2) to obtain the stress

increments.Seetable below:
10
30
50
2.301.003 + 3.726639
1,908.943+ 70.87047
1,559.829+ 194.1161
104
2,304.7296
L979.8135
1.753.9451

Determineincrementsof vertical stressunderpoint F; useprinciple of
superpositionas indicatedbelow:
For superpositionstep(1) we have:
- b)
x= 180
a=40
b= 90
(x - b) = 90
x
180
= 4.5
-=-zi
a
R:= z*+ 90*
tan(a+p+s)=~
d 1
*a=arc
180
-6-p
Z
The resultsfor z = 10.30, and 50 ft are indicated in the table below:
R;= z*+ 50*
-$(X-b)
q (PSI
83.65981
2.25457
0.9057924
8,200
0.1097561
7 1.56505
60.9454
6.340192
9.400786
2.632437
4.12971
9,000
10,600
0.3
0.4245283
105
0.5843725
13.85309
50.84445
For thesecondsuperposition:
(y,= PA P+y=$x-b)
[
x= 0
a=40
b= 90
(x-b)=
-90
R;= z2+ 902
tana2
tan(a+p)=
*a=arc
40
d)
-
90
- -a
*p=arc
-iI
Thus:
[ 1
P
x
p+$
Theresultsfor z = 10.30,and50 ft areindicatedin the tablebelow:

R;= z2 + 902
10
75.96376
30
53.13011
7.696052
18.43495
50
38.65981
22.28558
-t&x-b)
0,mfi
8,200
0.1097561
194.2307
gsm
10,600
0.3
494.7734
0.4245283
647.3508
Determineactualincrementsof stressby addingtheincrementsfrom

superposition
steps(1) and(2). Resultsareindicatedin tablebelow:
10
194.2307+ 0.5843725
194.81507
30
494.7734 + 13.85309
508.62649
50
647.3508 + 50.84445
698.19525
106

Determineincrementsof vertical stressunderpoint G; useprinciple of
superpositionas indicatedbelow:
A.
d=190
a+b-d--l0
(2)
For superpositionstep(1) we have:

x= 190
a=40
b= 90
(x - 6) = 100
x z =4.15
-=
a
R;= z2+ 1002
tan(a+fl+s)=E
+ 1
190
*a=arc
x -6)
-s-p
1OOz
R22
a or= p p+4.75a?r
The results for z = 10,30, and 50 ft are indicatedin the table below:
z(f-0
10
84.28941
1.896518
0.8012836
10,100
0.0990099
30
50
73.30075
63.43495
5.389313
2.337304
0.2152294
8.130105
3.691383
10,900
12,500
R;= z2+ 1002
107
0.4
(x- b)
or (psf)
0.4134162
10.02816
38.13693

For the secondsuperposition
step(2). we have:
x=- 10
a= 40
b=90
(x-b)=(x
-=
a
lo-90)=
- 100
- 0.25
R;=z2+ 1002
tan&10
10
-
*s=at-c
$1
4)
Z
tan(a+S)=50
*a=uxc
-6
tan(a+ p+6)= 100
*p=arc
xa
ti
E!
-6-a
p+--+-b)
a
50
1OOz
a 6,= fl p- 0.25a - -
?r
Ri
The resultsfor z = 10,30, and 50 ft are indicated in the table below:

z(fi)
10
45.0
33.69006
30
18.43495
40.6013
50
11.30993
33.69007
R$= z2+ 1002
5.599341
(x- b)
0, (psf)
10,100
0:0990099
14.26451
10,900
0.2752294
276.162
18.43495
12,500
0.4
457.3714
39.57881
Determineactual incrementsof stressby adding the incrementsfrom

superpositionsteps(1) and (2). Resultsare indicatedin table below:
39.57881 + 0.4134162
276.162 + 10.02816
457.3714 + 38.13693
10
30
50
108
39.992226
286.19016
495.50833

Computesettlements:useexpressionindicatedbelow:
where:
k( = thicknessof eachsublayer= 20 ft
RR = 0.04
CR = 0.2
b,, = Maximum pastpressure= 1,000psf at z = 10 ft
%f = Final vertical effective stress = b, + A b,
5, = Initial vertical effective stress

l
10
Apply expressionsabovefor point B; obtain table below:
30
426
1278
2496.444
2422.946
1000
1278
50
2130
2246.587
2130
2922.444
3700.946
4376.587
Total Settlement:
2.1594571
1.8471276
1.2510239
5.2576085 ft
in
63.09
9 Similarly, at point D:
z(fi)
qo @sf)
A 5, WI
10
426
2304.7296
30
50
1278
2130
1979.8135
1753.9451
6,, (psf-)
1000
1278
2130
2730.7296
2.0415871
3257.8135
3883.9451
1.6255815
1.0435739
Total Settlement:
4.7 107425 ft
56.53
in
10
426
194.81507
1000
620.81507
30
1278
508.62649
1278
1786.6265
0.5820117
50
2130
698.19525
2130
2828.1953
0.4925 192
Total Settlement:
0.1308421
1.2053729 ft
14.46
in
At point G:
39.992226
1000
465.99923
0.03 11753
10
426
30
1278
286.19016
1278
1564.1902
0.35 10348
50
2130
495.50833
2130
2625.5083
0.3633352
Total Settlement:
0.7455453 ft
8.95
110
in

Example 3
-1
FEDERRL HI6HUf& ADtlINISIRATION
I R [u KI
A tlicrocomputer
program for
computing
one
dlmennional compression uertical
settlement
due
to embankment loads. The program follow
the
equations
presented
by LambeRUhitman (19691,
Ladd
<1973> and PoulosRDauis (1974).
For the
uertical
embankment
case of a strip nywetrical
loading
tuo
uertlcal
esbankment loads. For the increment of uertical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the
program
superimposes a series of rectangular
loads.
Usrsion
2. WOctober
PROTOTYPEENGINEERlNG INC.
57 Uestland fluenue
Uinchester,
WI 81898
<617)
Dr. Rlfredo
Mtn.
1991
728-2363
Urzua
Hit <Fl9> to continue

OPENINGSCREEN
FEDERRL HIGHURYRDllINISTRRIION
Plain Menu -
soil
Profile
Uater
table
and soil
param.
deflnition
Stress history
Uertlcal
htsystem of Units
tlaintain
file
increwnt
Run program
A tllcrocomputer
program for
computing
one
dimensional comprestlon
vertical
settlement
the equations
p-nted
by LambeRUhitman
<1969>, Ladd (1973) and PoulosRDauir (1974).
symnetrical
vertical
For
the
tuo vertical
errbankmnt
loads.
of
uertiul
stresses at end of
increment
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use
EUB~URtwn HENU -
rrous
smxxon
111
Exit
then 4
to DOS
PROTOTYPEMGINEERIffi INC.
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Uinchester,
IlR 819%
Attn.
(617)
Dr.
729-2363
llfredo
t Rake selection.
OF PROJECTDEFINITION
Unua
FEDERALHIGHURYRDNINISTRATION
= Any c1imnt
= Highuay Embankment
tns
squattons
<1969>, Ladd <1

For the case of
Hit
<Fig> to accept
ualues
INEERING INC.
mbankmnt
loading
the program
superimposes
tuo
ucrtlcal
mbankrant
loads.
For the
lncrmcnt
of vertical
strsssss
flll,
rectangular
at
a
snd
ssriss
57 bhstland
AVMIe
Ulwhkrrtar,
I@ Bl8sB
<617) 729-2363
of
of
loads.
PROJECTDEFINITION SCREEN
FEDERFlL HIGHWIY RDflINISTRATION
b tlicrocomputar
prograM for
computing
one
dirrsnsional
compression
uertical
ssttlartant
dus to embankrrent loads. The program follow
the squatlons
presentsd
by LaclbsgUhitrran
<1969), Ladd <1973) and Pot.hs&DatAs <1974>.
For ths case of a strip synmstrical
usrtical
smbankmsnt loading the prograM supsriaposss
tuo
usrtiul
embankwnt
For the
loads.
lncrswnt
of uertical
stresses at and of
fill,
the prograrr suparimposas
a series
of
rsctangular
loads.
Enter
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only,
EtlBMK
IlAlN
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then
PROTOTYPEWCINEERING INC.
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Uinchatar,
IYI 81838
<617) 729-2363
attn. Dr. Alfred0 Ursua
4
Hake
selection.
IIENU - SELECTION OF SOIL PROFILE
112
Ilain tknu Definltlon
project
I
K
A llicrocoaputer
program for
ccmputlng
one
dinenslonal
compression
uertical
settlement
due to e&ankment loads. The prcgrarc follow
the equatlons
presented
by Lat+&Uhltean
(1969), Ladd <1973) and PoulosRDauis (1974).
For the caee of a strip syctcratrieal uertlcal
embankment loading the progran superimposer
loads.
For the
tuo uertical
embankment
increment
of wrrtlcal
stresses at end of
fill,
the program superilrpooem a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
Ietter
only,
or use arrour
then +l
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SOIL PROFILE HENU - SELECTION OF STRAIH PER LOG STRESS
Layer
Nuaber
Sublayar
--------
Nunber of sublayers
Unit wight
= ias. w
3 (for
thfs
layer)
1
- Layer
1
-------Sublayer
Sublayer
of soil
Conpressible
a. 200
Recompression Ratio =
6.949
Type of lasr
Compression Rat10
---------
- Layer
2
Sublayer
El.BB
Suelling
= m
Ratio
2
Is this
the last
layer
of profilm
4 Nit
L
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item
No
<Fl0> to continue
mt-n-nenu
SOIL DESCRlPTlON AHD MRbtlETERS FOR LFIYER Xl
113
FEDERbL HIGHW ADtlIWISTRIIIOH
I
Eleu.
Sublayer
of top of layer
Number of sublayers
= 3 <for thlt
Unit uelght
= 1e5.90
1
Layer
1
Sublayer
Sublayer
of soil
Layer
2
layer>
Corrprerrible
0.200
Recompression Ratio =
0.648
Type of layer
Compression Ratio
Sublayer
e.ee
Suslling
Ratlo
-I
= Sara as Recoup. Ratio
2
Is thlr
the last
layer
of profile
b
Space &rNaxt
ltsm
Alt-n-nenu
DEFINING LAYER Xl AS LhST LAYER OF SOIL PROFILE
FEDERALHIGWW ADflINISTRITION
I=
Layer Nunber =
Eleu.
of top of layer
Number of sublayers
Sublayer
1P
ess
d
8.88
3 <for
thls
layer)
-_-------
Elm.
Sublaycr
Sublaycr
of bottom of lest
layer
iblc
-I
Hit <FM> to accept ualur

Rcconpression
--------
Suelling
Sublayer
Ratio
8.848
= Sam as RBCOM~.Ratio
2
It
Ratio
this
the last
layer
of profile
Yes
DEFINING THICKNESS OF SOIL PROFILE
tlain Henu
uro.iect
Def initlon
_
soil Profile
and scil
I Nlcroconputer
pmgrau for
computing
one
dimenoianal conp-ion
uertical
settlement
due to embankment loads. The prograa folloun
the equations
p-nted
by LambegUhitman
<1969), Ladd <1973> and PouloaeDsuit (1974).
For the caee of a strip
ambanknant loading the program superiupotor
tuo uertical
embankment
loads.
For the
increment
of usrtiul
stresses at end of
fill,
the program suPerirrposes
l series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
Uertical
strmis
rytten of Units
Naintain file
Run progran
Exit to DOS
parau.
increment
PROTONPB DUXNEERIffi INC.

57 usst1rnd kwnwm
Uinchester,
IW 81898
<bin 729-2969
Attn. Dr. dlfredo Urrua
then 4
t Hake selection.
BIB(yI( WIN HRNU- SELECTION OF UgTER TABLE DEFINITICM
F
Eli
kin Menu ===-==q

project Definition
soil Profile
and soil param.
l-l
Stress h;stoky
1 Uertical
stress
.nition
qm
increment
Eleu. of Uater Table

A llicromnputer
pm
Hit <FIB> to accept ualuer -I
dimensional compress
due to embank&k
loa
the equations
p-nted
by LambegUhitman
<1969>, Ladd Cl973 and PoulonBDauir C1974).
PROTOTYPEQW;INRRRING INC.
synnetrical
uertlcrl
57 bktland
Auanua
enbenkment loading the pmgrrrr
superimposes
Uinchester,
M 01898
loads.
For the
tuo uertiul
embankment
<617) 729-2363
lncrerrent
of wrtical
stresrar
at and of
Attn. Dr. Rlfredo Urzua
flll,
the plagmu
suparinposer
a series of
rectangular
loads.
IJMER TABLE AT ELEUATION = 9.8 FT.
115
.
I
IlaIn Hcnu I
Deflnltion
project
soil
EM ##I 1 KI
fi
for
dirtenrional
tlicrocomputer
program
conprcssion
due to cmba&t
loads.
the cquatlons
presented
ucrtlcA
(19691,
conputlng
table
and roil
param.
daflnitlon
one
settlement
The progran
follow
by
LambeWhttrcan
<lS74>.
uwtlcal
symmetrical
Ladd <1973> and P~ul~sSDaui~

of a strip
ading ths
rtical
program
strrsnas
PROTOTYPE WCINEERIN6 INC.

57 Uestland &mum
Uinohestnr,
HA SlSSS
<617> 723-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
Urzua
superimpooss
at
end
then
*J
of
oupcrir4pooera series of
Enter
Profile
Uater
letter
only,
or use arrow
Nakc selection.
<Esc> t Hain flenu
SOIL IS OUERCONSOLIMTED - USER DEFINED STRESS HISTORY
-h-
Habin tianu -
A 111
STRESS HISTORY
dl
llaxinurc Past Pressure
4th
Elm
-I
UtWNING : llaximum past pressure
du
us. Pluuation
th
<1
Fo
em
tu
must be defined
for
interpolates
< Program
soil profilm
betucen points
Prexsur8
Last
>
WGINEERING INC.
Eleu.
tkiximurr
-18. tie
2
l-e
conplete
linearly
Past
1888. afl
-
Hit
to accept
wluat
Space &r-Next
ttea
<FlR>
point
Alt-H-tlenu
STRESSHISTORY - POINT tll
116
rtland
Rwnum
ster,
tlR glg3B
7) 729-2363
r. Alfred0
Ursua
Ie def initlon
:ress
hlstory
STRESSHISTORY
r\
t2
dl
du
th
<I
?laxitw~ Past Pressure

uith Elev.
lJmNIr& : tlaxinurc past pressure vs. Elevation
must be dkfined for complete so11 profile
< Frogran interpolates
linearly
betueen points
)
EWGINEERIWG INC.
FO
en
tu
Elev.
in
tlaxinun
Hlt
US>
Last point
1286. en
-30.60
fi
l-8 -
Past Pressure
to
preu.point,
<FiB>
&land
Gm
to accept
mlues
Auenue
rter,
ItR 61898
7) 729-2363
r. Alfred0
lhua
Space Bar-Next
ltan
Alt-IWlenu
STRESS HISTORY - POINT ttt
,la and roll
param.
ia deflnltlon
di
du
th
Cl
Fo
em
tu
in
fi I
,I&=
n3
STRESS HISTORY
Past Pressure
uith Eleu.
: ttaxlnun part pressure
vs. Elevation
llaxtnun
UlmNlffi
must be dcflned for
< Prcgrm interpolates
conplcte
linearly
sell profile
betueen points
Elev.
Pressure
Last
-50. w
tlaxlt~u~
Past
>
MiINEERfNG
INC.
Avenue
sbr,
tlfi 61898
7) 729-2363
r. Alfred0
Urzua
&land
point
2138. ea
Hit <F9> to preu.point,
<FM> to accept
Space Bar-Next
iten
ualuem
Rlt-n-nenu
STRESS HISTORY - POINT 03
117
A tlicrocomputer
program for
cmputing
one
dieensional
amp-ion
vertical
settlement
due to embankmmt
loads.
The program follouo
the
equations
presented
by LambegUhitean
<1969>, Ladd (1973) and PoulosgDauis
<1974>.
For the case! of a strip
symrtstrical
uertical
ertbankrrent
loading
the prcgree
superimposes
tuo
uertical
embankrrant.
loads.
For
the
increment
of
wrtical
stresses
at
end of
fill,.thc
program
superimposss
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
E?WMK WIN
IlMu
or use arrow
then
PROTOTYPE EMXNEERING INC.

57 Uest1and Avsnue
Uinchester,
IYI 81898
<617) 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Alfred0
Ursua
tlakc
selection.
- SELECTION OF UERTICAL STRESS If#ZREMENT
la and soil
dimensional
corcprcrrion
uer
due to enbankment
loads.
The program follous
the
equations
presented
by LambeWhttean
<1969>, Ladd <1973> and PoulosgDauis
<1974>.
syrtrtetrical
uertical
embankrrent
loading
the program
superimposes
tuo
vertical
abankrtant
loads.
For
the
increment
of
wrtical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
superircposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
then
t tiake
PROTOTYPE EMINEERING INC.

57 Us&land
Awnue
Uinchester,
cw\ 91898
(617) 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. llfredo
Urnua
selection.
<Es&
VERTICAL STRESS INCREllENT MENU - SRLECTIOII OF STRIP SYtRi.
118
parre.
b Rain
EH8bNKllENT
Henu
- SW?lETRICLL UERIIUU EtMNKtlENT LOCI0
n1 I
UERTICAL RlE&WlENT FOOTlN6

Embank. slope
a
= 48.88
Embank. uidth
b
= 148.88
Height of fill
H
q
28.88
Unit ueight of ftll
= 125.88
co 11 paran.
ltlon
POINTS FOR CO~~FUTI~TION

OF
SETTLEMENT
in
= e *1
calculate
x
coordinate
=-
.
.
X Point
r=!--Yl --r.1,
I
Layer 2
-1
I
FOUNDATIOWELRU,
2=
8.80
ERING IHC.
Hit
increment
the
rectangular
fill,
<Fi8>
to accspt
of
vertical
stresses
progran
superimposes
loads.
+tl-+Nouc
STRIP SWI.
at
ualues
end
a series
of
(617)
of
Clttn. Dr.
Avenue
A BiB98
R3-2363
Rlfredo Urzua
I
bar
4-Select
Esc-Exit
VERTICAL ENBRNKWNTMAD - SELECTION OF X DIRECTION
WWIETRICAL
UERTICAL EflBhNKHENT LOllD b

I
UERTlChL EBBMKtlENT
Enbmk. slop
a
Embank. uidth
b
Height of fill
H
Unit ueight
of fill
FOOTINS
=
48.88
11111111
t
H
111111111111
1111111111111111-1.
= 148.88
= 28.88
q
it5.88
n
X
so 11 param.
ition
1
POINTS FOR COHPlJTClTION

OF
SETTLEHENT
= X Dlrectlon
calculate
in
xl
coordinate
x2 coordinate
delta x
-18.88
= 198.88
=pmlHq
FOUNDCITICM ELEU.
z=
8.00
ERING INC.
-
Hit
increnent
fill,
the
rectangular
of
uertlcal
progran
<F18> to accept ualucr
stresses
superimposes
at
end
a series
loads.
fiucnue
1 81898
of
of
Mtn.
(617) 725-2363
Dr. Alfred0 Urzua
DEFINING R,B 8 6 POINTS FOR CONPUTATIONOF SETTLEllENT
119
project Definition
coil Profile
and soil pane.
Uater table deflnltion
Stress history
Uertical
stress incmnsnt
system of Units
II lllcrocowutcr
program For comutlm
one
Exit to DOS
dixenstonal~coaprks~on
ucrtlcalsettieRnt
L
due to mbankment
loads. The program follous
the
equations
presented
by Lmdx&Uhitxan
b
<1969>, kdd cl973
and PoulosLDauIs
<1974>.
syemotrtcal
uertiul
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERING IW..
superirtposeo
57 Ueotland
CkRnue
For the
tuo
vertical
enbankaent
loads.
Winchester, WI 01899
<617> 729-2363
increment
of vertical
stresses at end of
fill,
the progran
superimposes
a series
of
Attn. Dr. Fllfredo
Urzua
rectangular
loads.
Bntm
letter
only,
or use arrous
EllBLWK WIti
then
Hake selection.
MEW - RlM PROGRiM
ONE DItlENSIONtX SETTLEtlEHT INALYSIWFederal

Hlghuay Adntnirtration
STRIP SYHHETRICAL UERTICAL EnBANKtlEwTLOADING
Projpct
Name
Pro&A.
Number
Data
: Highway
: 91-1236
: iwaw91
Client
Gmbankrtsnt
Esbmlwent slope a
Rmbanbment top uidth
Uatw table
Eleu.
t@.
LAYER
TYPE THtCK.
: Any Client
Project
fianager
: Wl
Computed by
Scttlcecnt
=
=
=
=
=
for
49.89 <ft>
199.89 <ft)
18g.W <ft)
8.88
8.08
CONP.
<ft)
(ft.1
: alA
X-Dircctlon
Height
of f111 W
of fill
p load/unit
area
Unit
weight
Foundation
Unit
RECOHP.
RATIO
Hit
COtlP.
arrou
60.0
28.88 <It>
: 125.99 <pcf)
= 25ea.m <psf>
Elm.
ueight
0.88
of Uat. z
SUELL.
<Et)
62.48 <pcf)
UNIT
UEIGHT
<ft>
1
(pcf)
e.zee
ksym to display
8.848
next screen.
0.848
<FR> Print.
PR06RAHOUTPUTPWTIAL SCREEN
120
105. ee
<FIB> tlain
llenu -
ONE DIKENSIOKfiL SEl7LEllEWT btiALYSIWFedera1 Hlghuay Mmlnlstratlon

STRIP SmnETRICllL UERTICRL EllBCINKHENTuwu)ItG
Project
Wane
Pro-t
Number : 91-1236
: 1emv91
Data
: Highuay
: Any Client
Cl lent
Project tlanager : Wtl
Computed by
: aum
Embankment
Scttlmwnt
slope L
top uldth
Ground Surfece 61~.
U&or
table Elw.
Elrbanhttent
Emhnkmnt
=
=
=
=
COtlP,
LAYER
fi=.
RECotlP.
H
of fill
uelght of fill
SUELL.
2B.EE <ft)
125.9g <pcf>
WIIT
UEIGHT
<pcf>
COKP. 68.8
Hit
Height
Unit
WIT10
TYPE THICK.
<fV
for X-Dlrcctlon
49.88 <ft)
lgg.gB <ft>
180.98 <ft
<ft
e.w
e.ee <ft
ta.ze0
rrou keys to display
next
0.040
screen.
0.840
<Fe> Print.
185.09
<FlB>
Ilain
Henu -
SELECTION OF DISK FILE PRINTED OUTPUT
ONE DIllE)(SIONAL SETTLENEWT~WALYSIWFedcraI Hlghuay Adrtlnlrtratlon

STRIP SWRlETRICRL UERTICAL EHgAWKtlENTLOWING
: Hlghuay
Nane
Number : 91-1236
ProJect
ProJcct
Date
ProJect
Settlement
=
=
=
=
=
I
-
Hit
!F
ConP.
arrou
66.8
keys
0. tee
to display
: aw
=
2e.w <ft)
Height of fill
H
Unit uelght of fill
= 1ZS.W <pcf)
Flla Destination
RECOtlP.
SUELL.
UNIT
UEICHT
<pcf)
0.040
105.w
RATIO
THICK.
<f+.)
: Fyw
for X-Direction
48.98 <ft>
19E.M <ft>
189.80 <ft>
conp.
NP.
tlrnager
Computed by
: lV0Ml
Embankment slope a
Embankment top uldth
Embankment bottom uldth
Ground Surface
$1~~
Uatmr table
Blau.
: t%y Client
Client
Embankment
8.040
next screen.
<Fg> Print.
<FlB> Hain Menu -
SELECTIW OF OUTPUTDESTINATION FILE NMIE
121
-
OUB DIMENSIONAL SBTTLENBNT ANALYSIS/lOdQr~l

STRIP 8YmlBTB ICAL VBRTICAL -
Project
Nom0
lllo
Hama
Data
I aightay
Bmbankmont
I xXAKPLB3.m4B
* 10/03/91
client
Project
Kanagor
Computed by
W .
1
I
=
=
=
z
40.00
100.00
180.00
0.00
0.00
LAYBB
TYPB TEICX.
(it)
COUP.
COXP.
0.100
SVBLAYBR
TBICX.
(ft)
w .
1
a
3
10.00
10.00
ao*oo
adgbt
(tt)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ftl
RBCONP .
0.040
0.040
105.00
SOIL STRBSSBS
XNITfAL
(r-f)
BLBV.
(ft)
-10.00
-30.00
-50.00
90.00
sott.
(in.)
X=J
strose
(Pf)
190.00
Sat.
(in.)
1
a
3
39.99
186.19
495.51
0.37
4.19
4.36
_--_-8.9a
1496.44
1421.95
aa46.59
as.91
aa.
15.01
-----63.07
39.99
186.19
495.51
0.37
4.19
4.36
-----8.91
next
scram.
FEDERAL HIGHJW
diwtoiorul
compression
due to enbankmmt loads.
the
equations
<1369>, L&d
presented
08~
letter
010s
Uln
Menu -
uer
The program
by
follow
turbe&lJhltmn
<1973> ma PoulorwwJlr
only,
Print.
FlDllItiISTRATIOll
<1974).

synmetriul
uertieal
embanksent
loading the program
euperlmposeo
loads.
For the
uertlcal
embankment
tuo
incrercmt
of
wrtical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the progrem
rupcrinposco
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
(paf)
(ft)
(pet)
1000.00
la80.00
1130.00
X=
Stroan
(Pet)
to display
(pcf)
NAX.PAST PRESS.
(c-f)
416.00
1178.00
1130.00
-10.00
Stat.
(ill.)
keys
10.00 (ft)
5 195.00
= a500.00
s
0.00
i
61.40
WIT
NBIOET
(Dcf)
X=
Strom
(Wf)
arrow
ii
SWBLL.
Layor
-Hit
of fill
unit
weight of fill
p load/unit
mm
Foundation
Blev.
vnit weight of WUZ.
RATIO
60.0
t Any Client
I Am4
t mm
for X-Direction
SWztlomont
mbankment
SlOpa a
lmbanhont
top width
Babankmont b&tar
width
around Surface ~10~.
Water
table Blov.
Eighway Administr~tiouLOADXNG
or use arrow
then 4-l
Hake
PROTOME RHCINEERIN6 INC.

57 Ueetland Avenue
UInchartm,
IlA BiR98
<617) 729-2363
Attn. Dr. Alfredo Urzua
sclectlon.
<Esc> t tlain
EflWtK MAIN NENU- SELECTION OF VERTICAL STRESS INCREIlENT NENU
122
Menu
= SYtl?lETRICAL UERTICFU, UWWHMT

UBRTICIL EtiBlNKHEKT FOOTING
Embank. slope
a
= 40.00
Embank. uldth
Hclght of fill
Unit uelght of
= 148.88
fill
= ix.88
UMD -1
rb---(
-i11111111
1
111111111111H
mee
u
X
1111101111111114-+
n
soil
SETTLEWIT
-*-
calculate
in
xl coordlnatc
x2 coordlnatc
delta
= X Dlrectlon
= 148.88
= 18e.ee
=m
Layer
.
.
Layer 2
pat-u.
itlon
Xd
POINTS FOR COllPUTllTION OF
z1--
POURDIlTIONELEU.
z=
e.ee
,I
. Hit
<Pie>
to
accept
:;;nc.
u;lluer
A 01898
increment
at
fill,
of uertlcrl
stresses
the program superlmponen
rectangular
loads.
a series
end
of
4617) 7293363
Attn. Dr. Alfred0 Lb-ma
of
DEFINING D,E R F PGItfTS FOR CGWUTATIDN OF SRTTLRtlMT
project
liain llanu
Definition
soil Profile
and soil paraw
Uater table deflnltlon
Stress history
Uertical
stress incrmwnt
systcn
of Unltt
nafntrin
I
fllcrocoquter
for
coqwting
one
uertlcal
settlement
The program follous
progrw
dlwmsional
-pression
the equations
presented
by LambeBUhltnan
<1969>, Ladd (1973
and PoulosEDauls <1974>.
ryrrmctrlcal
uertical
embanktwnt
loading the program
superimposes
tuo
wrtiul
embankment
loads.
For the
increment
of
vertical
stresses at end of
1111, the program
superimposes
a serias
of
rectangular
Enter
file
PROTOTYPEEttGINEERItK IIKC.
57 Ueotland Avenue
Uinchoster,
tlQ Gl898
<617) 729-2363
fittn. Dr. Cllfredo Urzua
loads.
letter
only,
or use arrous
EllBbNK IlAIN tlacl
than
b Ilake selectton.
- RlHi PROGRM
123

-
ONE DIllStiSIOHRL SETTLEIIENTClNCILYSIWFederrl Hlghuay tilnistratlon

STRIP SWWETRICIL UERTICfIL EHBdNKtlENTLCWDINC
SIJBLCWER
SOIL STRESSES
HO.
ELEU.
TnIcH.
wIx.PMT PRESS.
IHITICIL
<ft)
<ft)
<psf)
<prf)
1
-ie.ee
ee
-58. ee
-30.
2iW
~-~
x=
168.88
188B.98
2138. ee
1278.
ee
2138.
1288.ee
m
<par)
<in.)
x =
Stress
<psf>
2384.73
1979.81
24.58
19.48
1249.88
1244.86
14.32
14.15
588.63
194.81
6.96
1.57
1753.95
12.u
---56.58
1228.38
9.49
-----37.96
698.28
5.91
-----14.44
Stress
Layer
Hit
148.88
426.86
Sett.
UVOY keys to display
Destination
EXfiN3DEF.OUT
Sett.
<in.)
next screen.
<F8> Print.
File
<F18> Main I%NJ
SELECTIo)( OF OUTPUTDESTINllTION FILE NbHE
ONE DIHXNSIONAL SBTl'LKMBNT ANALYSIS/Federal

Highway AdminiatratlonSTRIP SYBMRT~UCAL~ERTICAL KMBANKHSNT LOADING
Project
Name
Pi.10 Name
Date
I Eighway Embankment
1 KXAnPLK3.RMB
I 10/03/91
client
Project
Computed
Settlement
Ipbanlmont
elope a
tinbent
top width
tiankment
botta
width
Ground Surface
61~.
wator tab10 elev.
IAYBR
N' .
TYPE
THICK.
(ft)
COWP.
60.0
SuBJAYaR
THICK.
(ftl
N' .
1
a
3
X=
1
a
3
Streea
(Nf)
1304.73
1979.81
1753.95
Hit
arrow
40.00
160.00
180.00
0.00
0.00
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(it)
(ft)
0.100
0.040
0.040
105.00
4a6.00
1178.00
a130.00
X=
street
(PSf)
160.00
sett.
(in.)
24.50
19.48
la.51
-----56.50
ia49.80
1144.86
laP8.38
14.31
14.15
9.49
--_--_
37.96
dinplay
next
to
UNIT
WBIGET
(pcf)
(Pd.)
(ft)
x=
stress
(PSf)
194.81
508.63
698.ao
screen.
124
=
10.00
= 115.00
= a500.00
=
0.00
I
62.40
SWELL.
BOXL STWSW
INITIAL
140.00
Bett.
tin.1
keys
Height
of fill
B
Unit weight
of fill
p load/unit
area
Foundation
Blov.
Unit weight
of Wat.
RBCOWP.
RATIO
-10.00
-30.00
-50.00
* Any Client
I AON
t aum
X-Direction
COHP.
BLBV.
a0 .oo
10.00
10.00
Layar
I
=
I
5
for
nanager
by
08~
(fit)
(pcf)
(psf)
(ft)
(pcf)
nAX.PAST PRBSS.
(Pee)
1000.00
1180.00
2130.00
180.00
Scat.
(in.)
1.57
6.96
5.91
_--_-14.44
Print.
cPlO> Main klenu-
Main Menu project

Definltlon
toil
Profile
and sol1
Uatsr table definition
Stress
history
m
I
lllll
IK
parml.
llicroccmputer
II
program
PoL
due to embanknmt loads. The program follour

the cquatlons
presented
by LawbelWhltman
<1969>, Ladd <1!373 and PoulorgDauis
<1974>.
For thm case of a strip
aymrrmtrical wrtlcal
PROTOTYPE WGINEERING INC.

57 Uestland
CIuenua
Uinchester,
IICI 91898
e#banknmnt
loading
the program
superinposas
For
the
tuo
uertical
embankment
loads.
incrmrrmnt
of
wrtical
rtrosra
at
snd of
fill,
the progrw
superimposer
a series
of
rmctangular
loads.
Enter
letter
UlBrW
only,
or use arrow
then
(617)
httn.
b tlakc
Dr.
selectlon.
729-2363
Fllfredo
Urzus
<Esc> b Hain
Menu
IWIN HENU - SELECTIOn OF VERTICAL STRESS 1HCREHWT HENU
SWlETRICAL UERTlCtJL EHBANKHEHT LOAD e

UERTlC&L EtlBMKIlEfiT
Embank. slope
a
Embank. uidth
b
Hmight of fill
H
Unit umlght of flll
FOOTIN
= 48.88
= 140.08
= 2e.eg
= 12S.W
POINTS FOR CDHPUTIITIOWOF

SETTLEllEHT
= X Point
calculate
in
x
coordirtatc
=m
11111111 t
111111111111
1111111111111111X--*
.
.
-*
.
.
r
21--
Layer
Layer
n
sol1
ltion
paran.
FOUHDCITICM ELEU.
2 =
e.BB
1 iztr(kNc.
-
Hit
<Fig>
to aca3pt
ualuss
n 01999
increment
the
fill,
of
wrtical
stresses
progrur
superimposes
rectangular
lords.
DEPINIW
at
end
a series
<617> 729-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Alfred0 Urzua
of
of
I
POINT C COORDINATES
125
project
soil
Rain
tknu
Definition
Pmfile
and wil
paron.
Uater table
definition
Stroor
history
Vertical
stress
incrmmtnt
rrstml4 of urdtr
tliintoin
A IlAcrocomputsr
progrm
for
computing
one
dicrensional
corrpression
uertical
settlertent
due to embankrant
the
equations
present.4
by Lombo6UhJtman
<1969>, ladd <IS731 and PoulosBDeuJs
(1974).
For the uee of a strip
syrrnetrlcol
uerticol
embonknent
looding
the program
superimposes
tuo uerticel
plbonlwent
loeds.
For
the
increment
of
uartiul
stresses l t and of
fill,
tha program suparircpossr
a rariss of
rectangular
file
PROCOTVPEEHcINEERIffi
INC.
57 Uertlmd
thmnue
Uinchestur,
M 01898
<617) 729-2363
Clttn. Dr. Cllfredo Urruo
lads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use orrous
then
llokc
selection.
EHRCINK HAIN HENU - RUN PROCRAH
ONE DIHENSIOWL SETTLEHENTfiNALYSIWFedere1 Hlghuey Cldcclnlstratlon

STRIP SYmETRICAL UERTICbL EKBANKHENT UWlDING
Ueter table Elev.
=
8.00 <ft>
Unit ueight
of Uat. =
62.40 <pcf)
NO.
LaYeR
TYPE THICK.
<ft)
CmP.
CONP.
0.20B
60.0
RECOnP.
RATIO
e. 848
SUELL.
Settlement
UNIT
e. 848
Total
UEIGHT
<pcf>
<in.)
165.00
62.17
Sottlmnt
=
File
Destination
NO.
1
2
3
SuELaYER
THICK. ELEU.
<ft>
<ft>
20.88
28.88
20.88
-10.88
-30.00
-58.00
INITIAL
Cpsf)
EXAN3C.OUT
SO
INCREtlENT RRX.PFISTPRESS.
(psf)
<pof>
426.00
1278.88
2130.80
2491.19
2368.48
2141.78
Hit
ormu
keys
to dinploy
next
scrcon.
25.88
21.78
14.51
Settlement
<F8> Print.
=
<FlB>
SELECTloW OF OUTPUTDESTINQTION FILE WtlE
126
SETTLMMT
<in.)
me. 88
1288.88
213e.m
Totol
62.17
62.17 <in.>
kin
tknu
ONB DIUBNSIONAL SBTTL~LYsIsf~ederal

Eighway AdminfotrationSTRIP SYMNSTRICAL VERTICAL EI(BAMo(ENT LoMINg
Project
Name
File Mame
Date
I Sighway lPnbankmmt
I KKAuPLB3.mm
I 10/03/91
sott1f4merIt
mbanhont
slope .
Smbanlcment tog width
Wankmmt
bottom width
Ground
Surfac.
Blav.
water t8ble
81~.
LAYBR
=
=
=
I
TYPB
TBICK.
(ft)
CONP.
60.0
x =
(ft.)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
KECOMP.
RATIO
0.040
0 .a00
115.00
(ft)
Eofght of fill
E
Unit weight of fill
D load/unit
arm
iound.tion
Blev.
Unit weight of Nat.
SNBLL.
DNIT
WEIGHT
(pcf)
0.040
105.00
Total
N .
1
a
3
SWLAYBR
TBICK.
BLBV.
(it)
(ft)
10.00
10.00
10.00
426.00
ra70.00
ai30.00
1491.19
1360.40
ai41.78
Bit
arrow
keys
to display
next
ecreon.
IDaf)
(ft)
bet)
(in.)
61.17
Settlement
61.17
SBTT(in.)
15.88
al.70
14.51
Settlemmt
013,
(ft)
(pcf)
settlement
1000.00
ia80.00
ai30.00
Total
I
10.00
I 125.00
= 1500.00
I
0.00
.
61.40
SOIL STRBSSBS
INCNAX.PAST PRBSS.
(Rot)
(DEf)
INITIAL
(REf t
-10.00
-30.00
-50.00
1 Any Client
I AM
t aum
mnager
computed by
project
for
40.00
100.00
180.00
0.00
0.00
COl4P.
W'.
Client
Print.
6a.17
~110s Nain
(in.)
Xenu -
Main lhu
project
Dafinition
soil
Proflla
and soil
param.

Stress hlstory
Uertical
stinc-nt
system of units
A tllcrocorcplter
progrur
dlmenslonal compression
due to embanhnent
loads.
the equations
presented
for
computing
one
uertical
settlement
The prograM follow
Run program
Exit- to-DOS
by LartbeSUhltlran
<1969>, Ladd <1973> and PoulosgDauis
<1974).
For the cau of a strip
synrtetrical
vertical
PROTOTYPE BlGINEERIffi
embankment loading the prograM superimposes

tuo vertical
ambanltmnt
loads.
For the
increment
of
uowtlcal stresses at end of
fill,
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
than
57 l&&land
Uinchester,
t llaka selection.
BIBAM IlfUN IlENlJ - SELECTION OF IlIINTAIN
127
<617) 729-W
Attn. Dr. Alfred0
4
FILE
INC.
fkmua
91898
Unua
project
Definition
soil
Profile
and poll
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Uertical
strew4
lnc-nt
pare.
A tiicrocoHputer
progmrr
for
computing
one aldimensional
umpreesion
vertical
settlement
due to esbank&t
loads.
The prograe
follow
Clear entries
the
equations
presented
by LartbeWhltean
<1969),
Ladd (1973)
and PouloshDauls
<1974>.
For the case of a etrlp
rymrretrlcal
uertlcel
PROTOTYPE By;INSSDII([;
INC.
auperlrrposer
57 uasthnd
&uanue
eebanknsnt
loading
the program
loads.
tua
vertical
mhnkmnt
For
the
Ulnchater,
IM 918sB
Lncrerrent
of
uertiul
stresses
at
end of
<617) 729-2363
fill,
the program
superlrcposes
a series
of
Mtn.
Dr. Alfred0
Ursue
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrous
llW4TFIIN
FILE
then
+f
Enter
letter
only,
OP use arrow
<Esc> t lleln
Menu
DENU - SELECTION OF SAUE FILE
computing
lllcrocomputer
program for
dlrtemlonal
coupresslon
vertical
sett
due to embankrcent loads.
The prograu
f
the
equations
presented
by La&&&l
<1969>, Ladd <1973> and PoulosLDaulr
<
ue
sysrtetrical
tuo
vertical
ecrbankrcent
increment
of
vertical
stresses
fill,
the prograrr
superleposes
Hake selection.
at
end
a eerlee
then
on
of
of
PROTOTYPE ENGINEERIWG INC.

57 Ucstland
Rueme
Uinchester,
tlU 91898
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfredo
Ureua
h Hake relsctlon.
SAUING INPUT FILE AS EXMlPLE3.EtlB
128
<Em>
t hln
Henu
{ FEDEML
HIGHWQY LDllINISTRFlTION
llain tknu p
project
Definition
soil
Profile
and soil
parse.
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Uertical
stress
incre~nt
rytten
of Units
Kaintain
file
Run program
A tlicrocomputm
program for
computing
one
dinensional
compression
uertical
settlement
due to embankrrant
loads.
The progran
follow
the
equations
presented
by LanbeBUhltnan
<1969>, Ladd cl973
and Poulos&Dauis
(1974).
eymnetrical
uertical
ambankmant
loading
the program
supsrimpoeer
tuo
uertiul
snbankmnt
loads.
For
the
increrrcnt
of
uertical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
euperiaposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
EllBFlKK ll8IK
then
PROTOTYPE EWINEERIffi
INC.
57 uest1md
Auanum
Ulncheetar,
IW 81898
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
Urzua
+-I
Hake selection.
KEKU - EXIT TO DOS
1 FEDERFIL HIGHUAY ADHIWISTRdTION

project
soil
lkin
Pknu
Def lnition
Profile
and soil
param.
Uater table
definition
Stress
history
Usrtical
stress
increment
systaw of Units
tlaintain
file
Run program
pmgran for
computing
one
I
Kicroconputer
dimensional
compression
vertical
sattlewd.
duu to snbanknant
loads.
The program follow
tha
equations
p-nted
by LambaSUhitnan
<1969),
Ladd <1973
and Poulos6Dauis
c1974).
symmetrical
uertical
superimposer
ectbanknent
loading
the pmgran
tuo
wertical
embankment
loads.
For
the
Lncrement
of
vertical
stresses
at
end of
fill,
the program
superimposes
a series
of
rectangular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or use arrow
then
cl
t tlake
z~TT
selection.
EXIT TO DOS HENU - YES SELECTION
129
W INC.
PROT
57 Be&land
kenue
Uinchester,
HA 81898
(617) 729-2x3
Attn.
Dr. filfredo
lb-ma
<Esc>
Hain
Menu
Example 4
130
Example No. 4:
Embankment
on Layered Soil
Figure 13 showsthe problem geometryand soil parameters.The purposeof

the exampleis to comparethe settlementfor the following cases:
1. The embankmentbearson top of the organic soil.
2. The embankmentbearson top of the sandstratumafter the organic
soil hasbeenremoved.
The clay layer is divided into four sublayers.The exampleshowsthe useof
the foundationdepthoption includedin EMBANK.
Table 11presentsa comparisonof the computer-calculatedandhandcomputedsettlements.
Table 11. Settlementsat point A
Settlement(in.)
Hand-Calculated
Computer
Embankmenton top of organic soil
Embankmenton top of sandstratum
SAND
NC CLAY
23.80
10.51
23.80
10.51
y I HO pcf gssumed incompressible)
y = 127.4pcf
w I 35%
G = 2.78
Incompressible
Not to sde
Figure 13. Example 4: Embankmenton layered soil
131
Case 1:
Embankment Bears on Top of Organic Soil
DivideNC Clay stratuminto four IO-ft thick sublayers.
Determinegeostaticverticaleffectivestresses
at points1 through5:
Ol = 1.5x 100= 150psf < 2OOpsf,

use200psf
8*=3x 100+2x 110+5(110-62.4)+5(127.4-62.4)
= 1083psf
ir, = 3 x 100+ 2 x 110+ 5( 110- 62.4) + 15(127.4- 62.4) = 1733psf
&,=3x 100+2x 110+5(110-62.4)+25(127.4-62.4)=2383psf

Z5 = 3 x 100+ 2 x 110+ 5( 110- 62.4) + 35(127.4- 62.4) = 3033psf
Determineincrementsof verticalstressunderpointA; usesuperposition

principleasexplainedin Figure5 of maintext:
+X
++x
10+30-20 -20
Thereforewe computetheincrements
of verticalstressastwo timesthe
verticalstressincrements:
Theverticalstresses
aregivenby
20
I-
xa
a,2 p+-Jr
[ a
a
B
(x -b)
In this case:
a=10
6 = 20
x=20
x-b=0
20
[ 1
a*= -, p+ $
=30z=5[B+2al
&g- (b-4
z
3 p=mfy]=
tan(a+p)=
*a=arc
Jf
Z
132
il
20
z -@
&++)
EMBANKAppendixB
Example 4
The resultsfor z = 1.5, 15,25,35, and 45 are indicatedbelow:
p=arctar
a=arc
q)
.p
1199.366
967.6019
599.6831
1.5
81.46924
15
33.69007
19.44004
483.801
25
21.80141
16.8584
370.1214
740.2428
35
15.9454
13.79948
290.2958
580.5915
45
12.52881
11.43368
235.9745
471.949
4.241609
Settlementdeterminationfor point A:
Use the following expression:
l
5
p=CH,c, log6vo+ABv
;=1l+eo %o
iwhere:
Hi = thicknessof eachsubstrata
Cc= UseFHWA procedure
For organic soil layer:
w%
C, = = 0.8
100
For NC clay:
eo= Initial void ratio; useequationGw = Se
where S = 100%= 1. Therefore,Gw = e.
For NC clay:
eo= 2.78 x 0.35 = 0.973
Apply expressionsaboveat point A, for z = 1.5, 15,25,35, and 45

ft. Resultsare indicatedin table below:
0.8310505
967.6019
2050.6019
0.4918323
740.2428
2473.2428
0.2740186
2383
580.5915
2963.5915
0.1679828
3033
471.949
3504.949
0.1114204
200
25
10.0
10.0
1083
1733
35
10.0
45
10.0
15
eo= 1.8 x 0.8
1399.366
3.0
1.5
= 1.44
For organic soil layer:
1199.366
Total Settlement:
1.7689566 ft
21.23
133
in
Case 2:
10.0
Embankment Bears on Sand Stratum, After

Organic Soil has Been Removed
20.0
P=10x120=1200psf
%I1 = 120
SAND
NC CLAY
Pcf
y = 110 pcf (assumed incompressible)
y = 127.4 pcf
w = 35%
G - 2.78
Incompressible
Not to scale
Determinegeostaticverticaleffectivestresses
at points2,3,4, and5.
Thesegeostaticstresses
arem
excavationof theorganicsoil layer
(samevaluesasin Case1):
iY2= 1083psf
33= 1733psf
Z4 = 2383 psf
55 = 3033psf
Threefeetof organicsoil is excavated:

3 x loo pcf = 300 psf
Computenewembankment
loadas:
PI-P-3oopsf
Where
P= 1Ofrx 12Opcf= 1200psf
Therefore P = 1200- 300= 900psf (considersexcavation)
134

Determineincrementsof vertical stressunderpoint A,; use
superpositionprinciple as explainedin figure 5 of main text:
b=30
a=10
lzqkh.
=:
z
1
d=20
d=20
y"
Thereforewe computethe incrementsof vertical stressas two times the

vertical stressincrementswhich result from:
x=20
a=10
b=20
X
a
p
x-b=0
x4
20
@
Therefore:
0.43'24
,p=(b-a)
*p=mc
L-J
tan(a+B)=b
d)
*
Z
a=arc
-p
+I
Computestressincrementsfor z = 12,22,32, and 42 ft. Resultsare

indicatedin the tablebelow:
12
22
32
42
39.80557
19.23068
391.3346
782.6692
24.44395
17.35403
13.3925
17.82974
14.65136
12.07085
300.5171
233.2837
187.671
601.0342
466.5674
375.3419
135
EMBANKAppendix S Example4
Settlementdeterminationfor point A,:
l
Use the following expression:
p= iH,
cc lo %o+ Aov
i=l l+eo
%O
where:
Hi = thicknessof eachsublayer= 10.0ft
w%
Cc= Accordingto FHWA procedure = 100
cc= -=
35% 035
100
.
2.78 tyO.35 = o.973
eo= Initial void ratio = cw =
Therefore:
Apply expressionsabovefor z = 12,22,32, and 42 ft. Resultsare

indicatedin table below:
12
22
10
10
1083
1733
782.6692
601.0342
1865.6692
2334.0342
0.4190176
0.2293869
32
42
10
10
2383
3033
466.5674
375.3419
2849.5674
3408.3419
0.1377558
0.0898873
Total Settlement:
136
0.8760476 ft
in
10.51
EMBANK AppendixB Example4

Example 4
II
I BI R 1 KI
EM
b
program for
computing
compression wzrtlcal
settlertent
c~banlwent
loads. The progran
follow
tllorowmputer
one
dlmnslonal
to
aquatlons
presented
by Lalrbe&Uhittmn
Ladd
Cl973
awl Poulos&Dauis (1974).
due
the
PROTOTWE Q#mlEER1m
57 kst1rnd
Uinchester,
<1969>,
For
the
embankment
case of a strip sywetricrl

ucrtical
loading
tk
program superirrporw
tuo vertical
eltbenkmant loads. For the incracrant of uertical
stresses
rt
mnd of
fill,
thl
progra
superlaposes a series of rectangular
loads.
Uerslon
2.9WOctober
(6171
Mtn.
1991
Hlt
OPE?M6
INC.
Awnue
IW gi898
729-2363
Dr. llfredo
<p10> to
Urxua
continua
SCREEN
Nlcrocorcplter
progrvr
for
computing
one
dlmnsionl
wmpresslan
uertlcal
settlemnt
dus to cmbankmmt
the squatlons
presented
by LanbcWhlt~an
<1969),
Far the
Ladd (1979)
and Poulos&Dauis
case of a strip
syrmetrlcal
rtbankmnt loading the pmgmn

w wrtlcd
mbankmnt
t of uertical
stresses
~~~parinpossr
Entm
l&tar
only,
BW#iM IWN
<1974).
ucrtlcal
superimposes
or usa
at
end
1 sarias
rraus
of
of
then
PROTOTYPEMGINEERING INC.
57 lJest1and Ruewe
Uinchata,
M 918%
<617> 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. llfredo
Urinm
4J
b Hake selection.
NENU - SELECTION OF PROJECT DEFINITICM
137
FEDERAL HMMAY
AD((INISTR(\TIon
PROJBCT DgPINItlON
Client
Project
ProJact
A tllcroconp
dirtensional
due to emban
the equatlo
<1969>, hdd
Pile
nqrrc
llanagcr
nmm
Date
Coccputcd
-I
= nm, CLIENT
= EXCllWTlON EXRIIPLE
= tlv. John Doe
E inc-t
5
= aaHPLE4. LllR
by
= YEW2
=m
<NWDD/YY>
Hit CFN> to accept ualucr For the case 01

embankmmt
loading the program
superimposes
57 Uastl8nd
@umue
tuo
wrtical
embankment
loads.
For
the
Uinchemter,
M 81898
increment
of
uertical
stressas
at
end of
<617> 7292363
fill,
the program
ruperircponus
a swig
of
Attn.
Dr. Alfrmdo
Urzue
rectangular
loads.
PROJECT DUIWITIOII
tILcrocomputer
pragruI
for
computing
one
conpresslon
wrtical
settlewont
due to embankrant
loads. The program follous
the equations
presenbd
by l.anbeRUhit~rn
<1969),
Ladd (1913)
and Poulos&Dwlr
(1974).
For the wa
of a drip mtrfcal
wrtical
mbmkmant
loading the progrw
superimposer
tuo urrrtiul
embankmnt
loads.
For
the
hcrmmt
of wrtical
stresr~s at. end of
fill,
the ~rogrmm
suparirrpotar
l series
of
SCREEN
Exit
to DOS
dimensional
rect8ngular
Enter
PROTOWPE QJCIMRRIWC INC.

57 bbtl8nd
&mnw
tJlnch8ster,
M 81898
<617) ?ZS-2363
Mtn.
Dr. Mbdo
Wzua
loads.
letter
only,
BIBAII<
or use arrow
then
b Hake selection.
IWIN MENU - SELECTION OF SOIL PffWILE
138
thin
knu
Hicrocorcputer program for

computing one
dieenrlonel
comprcsslon
uertlcal
settlcaent
due to eabenlment loads. The progrur
follous
the cquetlons
presented
by Lembe&Uhitmen
wi69).
hid
cm73
end P0ui0t5emts
ci974~.
For tha uee of a rtrlp
syeeetriul
wrtlcel
embankment loedlng the program
superlnposes
tuo
uerticel
enbenkment
loads.
For
the
of vertical
mtreesee
et
end of
increment
fill,
the progree
superl~posee
a eerieo
of
rectangular
Enter letter
PROTOTYPE BICINEERING INC.

57 Uaetlend
Ausnue
Uincheeter,
NA 01898
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. WEredo Urzue
loede.
only,
or use arrous
then
4-l a Hake selection.
a>
Nein
Hew
SOIL PROFILE IIENU - SELECTIOn OF UOID RfiTIO PER LOG SlRESS
Layer
Number =
Eleu.
of top of layer
=
=
Number of rubleyam
Subleyer
-----we-
1 <for this
layer)
1
Unit
- Layer
1
Subleyer
Subleyer
uight
so11 properties
Co~presxlon
- Layer
2
= lge. w
of soil
Type of law
Layer
Subleyer
0.88
Index
Recorcprasaion
Index
= Initial
uold retlo
Estimated
from a-logp
curuef
Estimated
from a-logp
curves
Estimated
from hlogp
curve8
2
Suslling
Index
Is this
the lest
I
Space Bar-fkxt
Iterc
layer
No
Hit #lo>
Al t-n-nenu
SOIL DESCRIPIICM MD PWWEIERS
139
of profile
FOR LAYER gl
to continue
Layer Sol1 Priperties

Initial
Uater Content
Spscific
Gmuity
of Solids
==-=-=IADNINISTRAIION
=
ae.eRz
1.88
layer
= m
---__---
Sublayer
Sublayer
roll
= 1ee.m
Sublayar
1 <for this
Type of layer
Layer sol1 pmpertlcs
= lnitlal
Conprmlon
Layer
2
E.&J
yarn
Hit <Fig> to accept values 1--
Index
Raconprssslon
layer)
Compressible
uater
content
Estimated
from rlogp
cutwe!
Index Estimated
from slogp
curuea
Estimated
from wlogp
curwu
2
Suelling
Indsx
1s this
the last
layer
of proffle
No
Hit UiB>
INITIAL
to continue
IJgTER UMTENI - LAYER gl
Coaprersion
Index
The Federal Hlghuay fidrtinistratlon

<FHUI> In the soil
the
and Foundations Uorkrhop Manual (1982) esttnatco
Compression
Index by diufding
ths
lnttlal
noisturs contsnt by 1gR.
this
Camp. Indo% = Inittal
uhrre constant
= lgg
Uater
Constant
Hit <Pit0
Layer
2
layer)
CLn 2) / Constant
ssiblc
to accept value
uater
Coaprssslon
-------Sublayer
Content
Index
Rscomp-ion
content
Computed using FHUA<iggZ>
Index Estlsatsd
fmrr slogp
curus: L
from s-logp
curuI): E
2
f
Suelling
Indsx
Is this
the last
Estimated
layer
of profile
No
Hlt <PM> to continue

COtIPRESSIONINDEX - FWG PROCEDURE
- LAYER 81
140
Layer
tiurtkr
Elau.
of top of layer
Wumber of sublayers
Sublayer
-3.68
1 <for this
layer)
1
Unit
. Layer
1
Sublryer
Sublaycr
of soil
might
= 1ie.m
=
Type of layer
- Layer
2
Sublayer
2
IS this
the
last
layer
of profile
Hit <F9> to Preu. Layer Hit

Space Bar-Next
item
IUt-n-llclw
Ma
VW0
to
continue
SOIL DESCRIPTIOWRND FhRCltlETERSFOR LMER 82
Index
Conprescion
Layer
Nunbar
Sublayer
--------
Eleu.
top
of
-18.88
Number of sublayers
4 <for
Unit
of soil
= 127.48
propertles
= Initial
this
layer)
uold
ratlo
1
ueight
. Layer
--------
Sublayer
Sublaycr
Type of layer
Layer
toll
Index
Conpression
. Layer
2
Sublayer
of layer
Recompression
Estimated
from rlogp
curues
Index Estimated
from a-logp
curues
Estimated
from e-loge
ourum
Suelling
Index
1s this
the last
Hit <F9> to Prev.

Space
Bar-Next
ltelr
layer
of profile
No
Layer -Hit GM>

Rlt-il-Welw
SOIL DESCRIPTIOW#u, PARAIIETERSFOR LMER 113
141
to continue
=d
Layer Sol1 Properties

Initial
Specific
Grauity
Solids
of
3!5.aex
2.78
layer
= m
-
1 yers
Hit <Fig> to accept ualues 2
_-_------
Sublayer
Sublaycr
Type of
-18.88
4 <for thlr
layer)
= 127.40
=
Iayw
propertlcs
Coxprmlon
Camp-lblc
= Initial
uatn
Estinated
Index
fmn
content
tlogp
curves
Layer
2
Sublayer
roll
soil
Layer
----------
I
I
3
I
=-II-
Uater Content
Index Estimated
Recompression
from rlogp
curums
from e-logp
curves
2
i
Suelllng
Index
Is this
the last
Hit
<FS> to Preu.
INITIAL
Estiaatsd
layer
Layer
of
-
profile
No
ffl0>
Hit
to continua
Index
Ihc Federal Highuay Administration

and Foundations
Uorkshop
Manual
Compression
Index by dlulding
xolrture
content
by 188.
y
<Flea>
the
soil
layer>
Uatsr Content <in %> / Constant
Constant
1
1
3
~011
in the
<198t) ertlrcatcs
the Initial
this
Index = Initial
uhere constant
= 188
nlble
= m
uatcr
Hit <FM> to accept value Index
Compression
Computed
using
content
FHUM1982~
Layer
Recompression
2
Sublayer
bp
Index Estlmatod
fmrr u-logp
curuas
from e-logp
curves
2
Suelling
Index
In this
the last
Hit
MflPRESSION
UATER CONTENT - LMER 83
I
* Compressfon
Corrp.
<F9> to
Estiwatsd
layer
Preu. Layer -
INDEX - FWI
of
proflle
Hit
Ho
<P10> to continue
PROCEDURE - LAYER 83
142
:d
Co~presrion
Layer
Eleu.
Nuder
Index ~i-1
of top of layer
Nun&r
Sublmyer 1
-a---:
-----Sublaycr n
of subleycrs
Unit uelght
Layer
1
Type of
of soil
4 <for this
= 127.48
=
propcrtla
Corrpreesion
Comprexeiblm
= lnltlrl
uatcr
wntent
Index
Recompresrlon
Computed
FHUMl982)
using
Index Estimated
from a-logp
curues
from a-logp
curues
2
Swelling
Is
thts
Index
the
lktinated
lest
leyer
of profile
Hlt <F9> to Preu. Leyer lilt

Space Ber-Next
lterr
Ilt-ll-tbnu
DEFINING LAYER 113 AS l&T
Coxpresrion
Layer Number =
Eleu.
Index
Sublayer
Sublryer
Elcu.
of
layer
of last
Hit <FM> to awept

Compression
- Leyer
2
<Pie>
to continue
kI-,
of top of layer
botton
LAYER OF SOIL PROFILE
Number of wblayern
Sublsyer
Sublayer
Iryer)
1
Layer
2
Sublsyer
lmyr
Layer toil
Subleyer
= -1G.W
-lg.W
4 <for this
layer)
lble
value
ter
content
Computed using lWM1982~
Index
Recompression
I
1
3
I
Index
Bstineted
from e-108~ curuet
Estimated
from e-logp
Hit
Suelling
Index
IO this
the last
<F9> to Prw.
layer
Layer -
of
profile
Hit
010)
DEFINING MICKNESS OF SOIL PROFILE
143
curues
Yee
to
continue
Nain
Nenu
-=-I
paran.
project Definition
soil Profile
and soil
Uortical
A Nlcrocomputer program for

conputlng
om
dinanrional
sattlment
_ .
. compression
. _ vertical
-.
due to smkankmnt loads. The prograrc follour
tha equations
presented
by LartbaDUhitnan
<1969), IAd (1373 l luI PouloseDauis (1974).
of l strip symmetrical usrtical
the program
tupsrinporss
iul
Enter
letter
strssssr
only,
at snd
b rarias
or use arrous
of
of
then 4
stress
increment
PROTOTYPE04GINEERING INC.
57 uustl8nd hmllm
Ulnchaater,
lW 01898
<617) 729-2363
Mtn. Dr. Llfredo lkzua
t flake selection.
WIWW r#IN llBiU - SELECTION OF UATER TgBLE DEFINITIOW
-I-
Rain
Plow. of Ud.sr
Nlcrocamputer
pro
Table
dimntlonal
mrrprms
Hit <FM> to accspt
due to embankrant loa
the oquatlona
presented
by LambeBUhltnan
<1969>, La&I <i973> and PouIosgDauin (1974).
For tha of a strip synmatrical
uartiml
msbmkmant
loading the program ruparinposar
tuo
umrtlcal
embankmnt
Ioodr.
For
the
Increment
of uertiul
strssres
at end of
fill,
a series of
rmtangulr
loads.
PROTONPE MGINEEDlffi INC.

57 umtland
kwlw
Uinchmtsr,
N6 81898
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfred0
Ursua
UNIER TllBLE EIT ELlWTION -5 FT
144
EMBANKAppendix6 Example4
hln
tilcroconputer
progrur
dlmensionsl compression
due to embankmnt
loads.
the
equations
for
conputlng
knw
one
wrtlcal
settlement
The progrm
follour
presented
by
LoabeWhitmen
<1969>, Ladd (1973 and Poulos&Dauls (1974).

a strip symmetrical uerticel
PROTOWPE WcINEERIffi
57 uest.lard
Uinchester,
ical stresses
suPerimposer
Enta
letter
only,
DlBMK
at end
a srriss
OP use l rrous
of
then
t tlake selection.
Main llenu
Deflnltton
soil Profile
and roll
Uoter tobls definltlon
project
embenkment loading
the progrem
superimposes
For
the
tw
uertical
embankment
loads.
increment
of wrtlcal
str8sses
Pill,
tk progran
superimposes
rectangular
loads.
only,
IM 81898
IlAIN KENU - STRESSHISTORY
fi lllcrocorrputer
program for
computing
one
dimensional oompvesslon wrtlcal
settlement
due to cmbankmmt loads. The progruc follous
the aquatlows
presented
by La&AJhltrren
<1969>, Lodd <1973) snd PoulosgDouls (1974).
For the of a strip symccetrical wrtlcsl
letter
INC.
&Jmlue
<617) 729-2369
Mtn.
Dr. Cllfmdo Ursua
of
II
EI Ill1
Enter
or use arrow
at end
a series
then
of
of
PROTOTYPEMXNEERINS INC.
57 Uestland
fiuenue
Ulnchester,
IlA Rlg9g
(617) 729-2363
Attn.
Dr. Alfredo Urzua
k Hake selection.
<Esc>
SOIL IS DEFINED As NORMALLYCONSOLIDATED
145
porom.
flaln llenu
A tllcroconputer
pmgree for
corputing
one
dlrcenrlorul
conpmssion
uerticsl
settlement
loads. ?ho progru
follous
dus to embankrant
the aqustlons
pressntsd by LssbeWhltnen
(19691, Ladd (1979) and Poulos&P~uis (1974).
For the csse of s strip
symmotriosl uertlcol
mbankment
loading
the
tuo usrtlcsl
mbdwsnt
Incremnt
of
wrtiul
fill.
the pmgru
rectengulsr
losds.
DlB4lM
supsrirrporsr
loads.
For
the
stresses l t end of
supsrircposes
letter
Enter
only,
WIN
PROTOTVPR ENcINEERIffi
INC.
57 tksstland
hbwwe
u1nchBster.
IYI 818%
ibin
7294x3
pi-ogmm
series
of
or uso l rrous
attn.
then 4-l
lllll IU
STRESS INCRDMCT
project Definition
soil Profile
end sail
Ueter table dmf lnltlon
Stress
a ll1crocomputa
prograM f
dlucnslonsl
conpression
v
program follows
loads. 1
due to
y Laabe6iUhltrun
the
equations
presented
<lS69>r Ladd <I973 and PoulosEDauls <1974).
For tkc case of a strip
sytisetrioal
uertical
lhmla
tlske selection.
t@MJ - SELECTION OF UERTIClL
Dr. Alfred0
param.
history
enbanktent
mbrnbmmt
tuo
loading the
program
aubanknant
incremnt
of uartlcal
stresses
fill.
tke pmgrvr
supertnposes
reotegular
loads.
Enter
supcrinposes
wrtlcal
letter
only,
or usa arrow
at end
e series
then
of
of
l
57 Uastland Rusnue
Uinchsster,
IlR 81898
<617) 729-2363
Attn. Dr. Rlfredo lksua
tlake selection.
<Es19 t tlatn
VERTICAL STRBBS INCREKENT- SELECTIDN OF BTRIP SYNR. ERBRNKRENTLWD
146
Nsnu
SmETRICAL
ueRTlca
UERTIUU, EnB#(H?lERT LORD
FtlRmmEHT P0011ti6
.
= le.w
Embank. olopc
Embank. uidth
Height of fill
Unit umight of
H
fill
= le.88
= 128.86
38.8%
11111111
111111111111
~11~111111~11111X--b
POIWIS FOR COliPUTATIOMOF

SETTLEW
calculate
ln
= X Point
x coordinate
= 29. ee
--
.
.
.
.
n
1
roll p.r.rc.
1t1on
km1
Mm2
t
H
21--
WIN6 INC.
Ausnw
A a1ese
(617) 729-2763
Rttn. Dr. Rlfrcdo Urzua
Hlt <FlR> to accept ualuss

lncrcmant
of
vertical
stmssao
Fill,
the pmgran
rupcrirrposcr
rectangular
loads.
at end
a series
of
of
STRIP SYIOR.UERTICAL g(B. LMDIHC GEOllETRYINPW SCREEN
Main tknu project Deflnltion

soil Profile
and soil param.
Uatrr table definition
Stress history
Uertical
strrnn lncrmunt
rustma of units
IGintoln
file
I Nlcrocorrputer
pmgruc for
computing
one
dilrensional
corcpression
wrtical
P~ttl~tWnt
due to embankrant loads. The program follow
the equations
presentad
by LambaeUhitrcan
<1!369, Iadd <1.973 and PoulosRDauis <1974).
For tha cara of a strip syrwetricol
uwtlcol
supsrimporas
embonkrcent loading the progrm
tuo uertlcal
Blhnkmnt
For the
1oodr.
increment
of uwtiul
stmss~s at and of
flll,
the progrw
suparirrposes
a series of
rectangular
loads.
Entrr
letter
only,
or use orrous
then *J
PROTOWPRENcINEERIffi INC.
57 Llestland &mnw
Ulnchester,
tW gl898
<617) 729-2363
Attn. Dr. Alfmdo Ursum
F Ilake selection.
BlBANK IlAIN HEtlU - RUM PROGRAHOPTION
147
ONE DIlWMOW
SETTLEHEHTANALYSIS/Federal Highuay klministratlon

STRIP SYMETRICAL UERIICAL EllBhNKtlENT L&WING
19.99 (ft)
Height of fill
Ii
18.88
kbankrrent slope a
=
=
28.88 <ft>
Unit might of ftll
= lZ&BB
Embankment top uldth
=
40.09 Cft)
p load/unit
area
= 12w.w
Exbankrrent bottom uldth =
a.@8 <ft)
Foundaflon Elev.
=
0.w
=
62.48
-5.86 <ft)
Unit ueight of Uat. =
Uotar table Elsw.
q
we.
1
2
3
LAYW
TYPE THICK.
<It>
COtlP. 3.8
INCOHP. 7.e
CONP. 48.8
COEFFICIENT
COW. RECDNP. SUELL.
8.888
8.358
e.eBe
----e.eee
UNIT
SPECIFIC
IJEIWIT CRAUIW
<pcf)
8.888
----e.nee
lee.w
ii8.ee
127.48
SUBIAYER
THICK. ELEU.
(ft>
<rt>
Hit m-mu keys to display
next screen.
Settlement
12.54
21.23
Settlemnt
<FE> Print.
(pcf)
1.44
8.97
SOIL STRESSES
IWCREHENT NAX.PAST PRESS.
<psfl
<psf>
INITIlL
<psf)
<fL>
<pcf>
<psf>
<tt>
<in.)
1.88
--2.78
Total
t(*.
UOID
WlTIO
9.97
S-T
<in.)
<F18> Ilsln
tknu -
PROGRM OUTPUT- PbRTILL SCREEN
ONE DItlENSIONFlL SETTLEtlENT fiNfiLYSIWFedera1 Highuay f+dhlnlrtratIsn

STRIP SYtWETRICbL UERTICAL EtfB(\NKNENT WIN6
<ft)
1
2
3
COm.
INCoHP.
caw.
<pcf)
3.8
7.8
48.8
<In.>
8.888
8.888
e.eee
iw. ee
1.80
1.44
-8.358
_-_-8.888
----_
8.8~
lie. ee
127.48
----
---
2.78
0.97
12.64
21.23
Total
SIJBLWER
THICK. ELEU.
<ftA
<ft)
w.
1
3. g8
32
5
46
Scttlmnt
Hit
9.97
SOIL STRESSES
INCR
INITIAL
<psf)
<P
-1.58
200.00
1199.37
i8.ee
INCOtlP.
-15.88
1083.08
967,w
1883.88
5.90
mee
ie.ee
l&B0
-35.08
-4s. W
88
-25.
2383.88
588.59
3933.
Be
1733. g8
471.96
748.24
2383.8B
3833.
ee
1733.98
2.82
1.34
3.29
200.00
9.97
Toots1 S~ttlsrwlt
-
srrou
keys to display
next s~rem.
<F8> Print.
=
<FM>
SELECTION OF DISC FILR PRINTED OUTPUT
148
21.23
<in.)
Nain Nenu -I
ONE DItW+SIOML
SElTLEtiENT hNnALYSJS/Fcderal
Hlghwy
tiinistratlon
STRIP METRICRL
UERIICllL E?lBANKIlENT WING
<ft.>
<pcf)
1
2
3
COtlP.
INCOtlP.
COtlP.
3.8
7.0
48.8
8.888
0.358
8.880
v-q-e.eee
B.BBB
--me..
8.888
iee.BB
lie.08
127.48
1.88
--2.78
Total
suRLaYER
THICK.
Euu.
<ft>
<ftJ
NQ.
3. Be
2
3
4
INconP.
1e.m
le.88
10.88
l&BB
5
6
-1.58
200.00
-15.m
-2s. 88
1883. ee
1733.88
2383.ee
3833.80
-35.88
-45.60
1199.37
967.68
748.24
588.59
471.95
Hlt
arrou
kqs
21.23
to display
next
screen.
File
9.97
1883. w
1733.88
2383.88
3833.88
5.98
3.29
2.02
1.34
Settlerant
<FB> Print.
SELECTIQN OF OUTPUT DESTINATION FILE
40
12.54
Settlewent
9.97
200.00
f&ml
-
<In.)
1.44
8.97
SOIL STRESSES
INCRE
Destination
INITIAL
<psf)
21.23
<FIB>
Hain
(in.)
tknu
NWtE
DIMEWSIOUAL SP~LPY~ANALYSIS/Pod4r~lBighw~yAdrial~trrtioa
STRIP SYUETRICAL VERTICAL m
LOADIWO
Name
Project
Bila
Date
Nm
I KKCAVATIOU EXAMPLE Clf*nt

L BXANPLBI.pyB
Project
2 10/03/91
Computed
Sottlrmmt
Rmbaakmsat slop0 a
:
Bmbaakmeat top width
mbmhant
bottom width I
Orouad Surface Plev.
I
Water t&la
Blov.
1
LAYBR
NC. TYDB THICK.
(ft)
1
2
3
I I
10.00
(ft)
(it)
40.00 (ft)
0.00
by
20.00
40.0
0.800
-----
(ft)
(ft)
0.350
0.000
0.000
m--e-
100.00
-v-w-
0.000
1.80
110.00
0.000
----
3
4
5
6
127.40
ELW.
(ft)
3.00
-1.50
IWCOMP.
10.00
-15.00
10.00
-25.00
10.00
-35.00
10.00
-45.00
IWITIAL
(DOf)
aoo.00
1083.00
1733.00
1383.00
3033.00
1199.37
967.60
740.14
580.59
471.95
Total
it
arrow
10.00 (It)
. 110.00 (pcf)
.1100.00
(prf)
I
0.00 (ft)
= 62.40 (pcf)
2.78
keys to dimplay
Settlamont
mxt
mcrwa.
149
aoo.00
<P8>
Print.
9.97
0.97
13.54
21.23
SPTTLEMEWT
tin.1
9.97
1083.00
1733.00
2383.00
3033.00
Settlwmsnt
1.44
----
SOIL STRESSPS
rNCRpypWT W.PAST PRPSS.
(Daf)
(DSf)
SUBLAYNR
1
a
I sum
(ft)
Total
Nit. THICK.
(ft)
I ANY CLIWWT
t MR. JOklN DOB
Eoight of fill
H
Uaitwoightof
fill
p load/uaitusr
Foundation Plov.
Unitweight
of Wat.
20.00
-5.00
Mumoar
COPPPICIRNT
UWIT SPPCIPIC VOID
COMD. RPCOMD. SWBLL. WPIOHT ORAVITY RATIO Sottlombnt
(in.)
(pcf)
COUP. 3.0
INCOMP. 7.0
COMP.
for
5.90
3.29
2.01
1.34
I
al.13
(in.)
<PlO> Main Menu J
thin
b lllcrocomputer
propam for
coclputing
one
dlmeneionl
conpreseion
uertical
settlement
duo to enbankmnt loads. The program folloui
the equatione
Preeented
by LambeMJhitmen
<1969>, Ladd <1973> and Pouloe&Dauin <1974>.
cme of a etrip eymmetrlcel uerticel
rtlul
Enter
WWK
superi~porer
letter
only,
a series
PROTOWPSmGINmRIt4G INC.
57 ksstlmd
awlme
u1-,
m emse
(617) 729-m
Attn. Dr. Alfred0 Umua
embmhmnt
he progruc
lknu
of
OF use WPOUS then 4
Rake selection.
M#IW IlBW - SELECTION OF UERTICAL STRESS ItKRmlmr
project Rflnition
soil Profile
and sail
U8tcr teblc definition
Stress hiotoFj
I\ lllcrocemputer
program for
computing
one
dimensional comprasoion
uertical
settlement
due to embenlumnt loads. The program follow
the equetlone
preeented
by LambeSlJhitman
<1969>, Ladd <1973 and Poulot&Dw~ls <1974>.
For thm case of l strip symrretricel
uerticel
eabenkment loading the progrm
supartnposar
tuo uertful
embanhmnt
loads.
For
the
Lnorement of umrtiul
etreeses at end of
fill,
the pmeuperimporer
e eerier of
rectangular
104s.
Snter
M
letter
only,
or use arrous
system of Units
IIainteln
file
Run program
Exit to m
then ei
PROTOTYPEmmEERItG
INC.
57 ueetlmd
6uenue
Ulncheeter,
IH 81898
<61n i79-2363
Attn. Dr. Alfred0 lh-zue
l
flake selection.
IWH tiBW - SELECTlOWOF UERTICAL STRESS IwcRBlEM
150
pererc.
FRDERRL HXGlRdW WNINISTWT~
dlmenrlonrl
comprmrsion
umr
due to mbmhent
loads. Thm proGram folloum
th8 equatlonr
prmsmted
by LanbeMMt?bm
<1%9), hdd Cl973 l d Pouloslikuls
C1974).
Par tha w
of 8 strip rymwtrlcal
uertlcal
aabmkunt
loading the proRrur
wupmrlrrpoa
tuo wrtlcal
mmbanknmnt
loads. Pot- tk8
lncrarmt
of wrtic81
8tr8rus
at md of
fill,
tkm prom
supmrifiporm8
8 mrlms of
racta.ngulrr
loads.
Enter let&
only,
or use arrow
then 4
PROTOTYPERNGINEERING WC.
57 Nestland Auanw
Ulnchmstor, HA 01890
<617) 7294363
Rttn.
Dr. Alfrado
Urzua
b llakm soloctlon.
<Era> b Main tlmu
UERTICAL STRESS lWCREftE?lTNENU - SELECTIOn OF STRIP SYWN. EM.
SWlBTRftAL
UERTICAL HlRWWlRNT
Embank. slopm 8
Embank. uldth
b
Height of fill
H
Unit wlght of fill
URRTIWL
MNENT
POOTINC
= 18.W
= 3e.w
= men
= 1ZB.M
LOAD
24
ccl,,;,,,:
ULLI414JIII
IUblClllIlllIII-X.
-*.
.
r -*-
t
H
to aampt
wrtlcml
str8sma
ill,
th pmgrrrr
tuperlrrpores
wctwgulmr
loads.
,ffircnent
of
bwi
end
a serlas
LOW GLGNETRY - FouwyIIoll
ERING IHC.
Aumnua
II Bi890
729-2363
Dr. llfredo
Urzua
(617)
of
Mtn.
of
I
DEPTH AT ELEUATIOW -3 FC
151
param.
Law2
umlums
at
soi.
ltlon
POlMDATlM ELW.
z=<FM>
n
1
POINTS FOR C@WTATION OF

SETTLEm
= X Point
calculate
in
2a.w
x coordinate
=
Hit
LORD
SYtDiETRICAL UERTICAL EI~BI%WWT LOAD
lr
UBRTICAL EHBAWKKENT
FOOTING
Embank. slops
a
= 1e.w
Embank. uidth
b
= 3e.w
Height of fill
H
= 1e.w
Unit wight
of fill
= lZB.88
n I
1
U
11111111
soil parmm.
ition
n---)
POItffS FOR CONPUI~tIO1( OF

SETTIBEt
calculate
in
= X Point
x coordinate
=
26.88
.
.
.
.
.
-t-
m--l
Layer 2
z1-FOUNDATIONELEU.
2 = -3.w
bnputs
sxcwation
affect
Depth s m
as gammsFoundation
PRIWG IXC.
Auenus
A BiB9e
i!343G3
lfrsdo Urrur
+tl+-tioue
bar
d-Select
Esc-Exit
SELECTION OF EXMWTIOK EFFECT
project Definition
soil Profile
l ,nd esil psrsn.
Uatsr taDls definition
Strsra history
Usrtic81 stress incrswmt
systsn of Units
II tiicrscsnputsr
pmgran for
computing
one
dissnmional
compression
uertioal
settisssnt
1
due to smbaduemt
the equations
pmssnt.ed by LsmbsEUhitman
(19691,
Lsdd <I973
and Psulos&Dsui~
<1974).
symnstrical
usrticsl
mbankmsnt
loading the pmgras
rupsrisposss
PROTOTYPE ENcINEERlHc INC.
57 t&&land
6wmus
Ui~heeter,
rm 81898
(617) 729-W
Attn.
Dr. Alfmdo
Ureus
tuo
1osds. For* ths

vertical
embankmnt
increment
of usrtical
stresrsc
at snd of
fill,
the prsgrae
supsrimporss
a series of
rscbngular
loads.
Enter
letter
only,
or uss l rrous
WBAW
then
Hake selection.
nr\IN tENU - RUN PROCRM!
152
ONE DIKEHSIOHGL SRTLEKEHT RRALYSIWFcderal Highly

Rdctinlrtratlon
STRIP S!!lltlEfRICIL URRTIML Etl8AHKHEKTLDtWlHG
Ehbankmimt
slope a
Enbanlvsnt top uidth
Embanhmmt bottom uldth
Ground Surface Elsu.
Uatcr table Elm.
LWER
HO. TYPE THICK.
<ft>
~ 231
INCclHP.
mtlP.
KJHP.
48.8
7.8
3.8
=
:
=
=
1G.M <ft>
i!S.Bfl <ft)
48.89 <ft>
R.RR <ft)
-5.88 <It>
Hsight of fill
H
Unit ueight of fill
p load/unit
area
Foundation
610~.
Unit ueight of Uat.
0.350
--8.888
e.sefl
-v--e.eee
e.m8
9.8m
em-
lie.08
1ea.ea
127.48
I
-
Hit
wrou
next screen.
PROGRAM OUTPUT- PMTIRL
10.51
8.W
18.51
SETTLE=
<FIB>
kin
Menu -
SCREM
ONE DI?lEN!XONIL SETTLEKEHTMYSIWFederal

Highuay Fldnlnlstrrtlon
STRIP SYIIIIETRIUU. UERTlCbL EKBAHKtlEHTLOADIHG
<pcf>
<in.)
<tt>
1
2
3
COtlP.
IHCCMP.
cow.
3.8
7.8
40.8
8.888
a.eee
e.eee
iae.ee
1.w
1.44
--II-
-----
I---
iirl.ee
---
--
8.358
8.888
e.see
127.40
2.78
8.97
10.51
le. 51
Total
THICK.
<ft)
ELEU*
<ft>
S&layer
1
2
3
4
5
6
lmXP.
mm
i&es
10.86
-15. ee
-25. BB
-35. BB
ie.ee
-45.88
IHITIRL
(prf)
over foundation
1683. ee
1733. ee
2383. BB
3833. ee
arrow keys to display
8.88
Elm.
782.67
681.83
466.57
375.34
1883.
1733.
2383.
3833.
Total
Hit
Settlement
SOIL STRESSES
IHC
= Select
<
SuRLaYER
HP.
e.
---1.44
37
Settlmnt
<FR> Print.
Scttlnent
<in.>
SOIL STRESSES
IHCRQlWT llAX.PAST PRESS.
IKITIAL
tn display
keys
UOID
MT10
-2.78
1.88
Total
SUBLRYER
HQ. THICK. ELEU.
ie.ee <ft)
1 lZl3.RG (pcf)
= lZR0.0G <psf>
=
-3.00 <ft.)
=
62.48 <pcf>
UHIT
SPECIFIC
UEIGHT GRRUIW
(pcf)
COEFFICIEHT
COUP. RECOKP. SUELL.
next screen.
Be
5.83
2.75
1.65
1.es
ee
Be
ee
Settlement
<F8> Print.
<Pie> tialn Kenu
SELECTIOH OF DISC FILE PRIHTED OUTPUT
153
ONE DINENSIONAL SETTLENENI AWALYSIWadcrrl

Hlghwy Wxinistratlon
STRIP SYHNCTRICRLUCRTICAL CNMNKNCNTWIN6
(ft.)
<pcf)
i
3
1NaM;.
WNP ;::
CONP. 48.8
1
2
3
4
5
6
11e.w
188.80
-1.88
---1.44
0.m
8.358
127.48
2.78
8.97
16.51
le. 51
8.888
8.888
SURLAYER
THICK. ELEU.
<fU
<fO
Destinmtion
arrou kayo to display
File
Sublayer OMP foundation Elou.

INCONP.
l&Be
-15.08
lal. BR
762.67
l&W
-25.00
1733.08
681.03
18.88
-35.88
2383.00
466.57
18.88
-45. W
3833.88
375.34
Hit
Settlement
STRESSES
SOIL
INCRR
INITIRL
<pnf>
iaa3.w
5.03
1733.00
2383. W
3033.88
2.75
1.65
1.88
Total
-
<in.)
0.888
-_-__ B.we
il.WB
----
Total
NQ.
next smewn.
Sattlwent
<FR> Prtnt.
=
(Pie>
18.51 <in.)
thin
NON -
SELECTION OF OUTPUTDFSTlnr\TICM FILE WAnE
ONE DIMENSIONAL SETTLEMENTANALYSIS/Federal Highway Administration

STRIP SYMMETRICALVERTICAL EMBANKMENT
LOADING
Project Name
File Name
Date
: EXCAVATIONEXAMPLE Client
: ANY CLIENT
: EXAMPLEI.EMB
Project Manager : MR. JOHN DOE
: 10/03/91
: aum
Computed by
Settlement
Embankment slope a
Ground Surface Elev.
Water table Elev.
w.
1
2
3
=
=
=
=
=
for X =
10.00
20.00
40.00
0.00
-5.00
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ftl
(ft)
20.00
(ft)
=
10.00
= 120.00
= 1200.00
=
-3.00
I
62.40
Height of fill
H
Unit weight of fill
p load/unit
area
Foundation Elev.
Unit weight of Wat.
(ft)
(pcfl
(psf)
(ft)
(pcf)
LAYER
TYPE THICK.
(ftl
COEFFICIENT
UNIT
SPECIFIC VOID
COMP. RECOMP.SWELL. WEIGHT GRAVITY RATIO Settlemene
(in.1
(PCf)
COMP. 3.0
INCOMP. 7.0
COMP. 40.0
0.800
-_--0.350
0.000
_-_-0.000
0.000
_____
0.000
100.00
110.00
127.40
1.80
---2.78
Total
Na.
SUBLAYER
THICK. ELEV.
(ft)
(ft)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sublayer
INCOMP.
10.00
-15.00
10.00
-25.00
10.00
-35.00
10.00
-45.00
INITIAL
(PSf)
over foundation
1083.00
1733.00
2383.00
3033.00
Hit
arrow keys to display
Settlement
SOIL STRESSES
INCREMENT MAX.PAST PRESS.
(psf1
(PSf)
1.44
---_
0.97
0.00
10.51
10.51
SETTLEMENT
(in.1
Elev.
782.67
601.03
466.57
375.34
1083.00
1733.00
2383.00
3033.00
Total
next screen.
154
Settlement
<FE, Print.
5.03
2.75
1.65
1.08
=
10.51
(in.)
<FlO> Main Menu 1
II
EM
I BIB nrIII
proJect Definition
roil ProfIle
ond ooil parem.
Uoter table deflnltlon
Stress history
Uertlcol
stress incmnt
srstam of Units
=1-1Run proarmi
A IlIcroconputer
progrrrc for
colrprtlng
oiw
dimensional wprrrsion
ucrtlool
settlenent
due to mbmhment loads. The program follous
the equations
presented
by LmtMUhltcwn
<1969>, Ladd <1973) l d Poulor6Doulr <1974).
For the case of o strip symmetrical uertlul
ombonkment loading the program ouperlrrposes
tuo wrtiul
l rrbonkmmnt
of uortlcol
stresses l t end of
II ouperinposes
o series of
Enter
letter
or use wrow
only,
PROTOTYPEENGINEERING INC.
57 Ucrtlond Ruenue
Uincheoter,
tW 01898
(6171 723-2363
Attn. Dr. filfredo Urzua
then 4
EHBAWKWIN NENU - wIIwI#lW
E:MIN Ill
t Make soloctlon.
FILE OPTION
system of units
Run I klntain
file I
fi lllcroco*W
progrvl for
computing
one
dinenxionml ceion uerticol
settlement
Ml!!!!!!H
_IJ
Clear entries
due to embanka%loade.
The program follous
the equations
~reeented
by Loltbe6Uhltrcan
<1969), L8dd (1973) and PouloseDauls <1974>.
PROTOlwE ~INEERIffi
INC.
For the caee of a strip eymmtrlcol
wrtlcel
57 Ueetlond &uellue
embenkment loadins the progrorc superimposes
Ulnchartmr,
IM BISSB
tw
uertlul
enbenkmnt
loads.
For the
increment
of
umrtlul
stresses l t end of
<617) 729-2363
Attn. Dr. Alfred0 Urzuo
f Ill,
the program euperlrcposes
l serlas
of
rmctongulr
loads.
L
Enter
lcttev
only,
OP use
rrous
then d
liokc sclcctlon.
?WNWIN FILE IlENU - SELECTIOM OF SAUE FILE
155
<Es& W lleln
Henu
IlaIn
llenu
project Definition
soil Profile
and soil param.
Yater table deflnltlon
Strass history
Uartlcal
stress lncremnt
systam of Units
A Hlcrocomputcr program for
computing
one
sett
dI~ens1orul corrprettlon
vertical
due to embankment loads. Ihe program f
the equations
presented
by LambeM
<1969>, Ladd <1973) and Poulor6Dauls <1974). I
For the of a strip
symmetrical wrtlul
ambankmmt loading tha program ouperlmp+ases
tuo wrtical
enbanknent
loads.
For
the
lncr-t
of uertical
stresses at end of
fill,
the prosran
suparlmposes
a series of
rectangular
loads,
htar
letter
only,
or usa
rrous
then cl
Destination
File
PROTOTYPEENGINGERIlG INC.
57 Uastland Gwnub
Ulnchostar,
RG gi898
<617> 729-2969
Rttn. Dr. Glfredo IJrsua
p llaka salaction.
<Es&
Main Hemu
SGUItDi INPUT FILE GS MAllPLE4.EtlB
E M 1; R N #
ttaintaln
file
*
tllcrommputar
progran
for
computing
one
dlnenslonsl
conpreeslon
uartical
sattlanant
duo to a&a-t
loads. Tha program follow
tha aquatlons
presented
by LanbagUhitnan
<1969), Ladd (1973 al PouloseDauls <1974>.
Far the caee of a strip
anbanknant loading the program suparlnposas
tuo wrtlul
enbankmnt
loads.
For tha
lncranent
of wrtlcal
strasses at end of
fill,
the progran
superlmposas
a sariar of
ractangular
loads.
A
Enter
letter
only,
RiWW
or use arrous
than cl
PROTOlYP9 ~INEERIffi
INC.
57 kistland
&.WIWI
ui-,
m 0199fl
<617) 729-2369
Attn. Dr. AlfAo
lb-ma
t tlaka selection.
IlRlll llENU - EXIT TO DOS OPTIOH
156
thin lhu
Ddinition
project
II Nlcrocomputer
pmgrvl
for
computing
one
dhenrionml
comprrnnion
uertical
settlement
due to eAmhmnt
loads.
The progmw follow
thm equatlom
pmsentad
by Lanbdtlhitman
<1969>, Ladd <I973
and Poulos4Dauio
<1974>.
For the caee of a strip
eymmetrical
uerticel
rupsrimposar
mmbmnkment loadin
the pmgmrc
loads.
For
the
tw umrtlul
mnbmnhmnt
of hical
stresses
at. end of
lncrmwmnt
fill,
thm prmgrmm muparilrpormr
l swims
of
mct8ngul8r
loads.
Entw
latter
only,
or use arrow
WIT
then
*cl
PROT
57 uestland
uinchester,
C617) 729-2363
Qttn.
t Haka srlcctfon.
TO DOS tlEWU- YES OPTION
157
ti6 INC.
l%ueTnm
lua ei898
Dr.
Alfred0
<Es>
lhwua
C tImin
Menu

A Microcomputer Program To Determine

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A Microcomputer Program To Determine

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Publication No.

Innovation Through Partnerships

2. Government Accession No.

3. Recipients Catalog No.

EMBANK: A Microcomputer Program to Determine

6. Performing Organization Code

8. Performing Organization Report No.

Dr. Alfred0 Urzua

PROTOTYPE Engineering Inc.

Thie document was prepared

!. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

U.S. Department of Transportation

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

FHWA Contracting Officers Technical Representative: Chien-Tan Chang (HRT-10)

18. Distribution Statement

embankment, settlement, vertical stress,

9. Security Classification (of this report)

20. Security Classification (of this page)

21. No. of Pages

Elastic medium underone-dimensionalcompression............. 7

Compressioncurve and compressibilityparameters

Compressioncurve and compressibilityparameters

Embankmentloading and parameters

Superpositionschemeto model end of embankment

Transformationof end of embankmentto equivalent

Parametersfor the determinationof incrementsof vertical

Superpositionschemeto determineincrementsof vertical

Example 1: settlementof symmetricalembankmentload ...... 39

Example 3: highway embankmentsettlement........................

Example4: embankmenton layeredsoil ................................131

Example 1: summaryof clay settlements................................. 39

Example2: summaryof surfacesettlements.......................... 65

Example3: summaryof surfacesettlements ..... ..................... 100

An important part of the designof embankmentfoundationsare analysesto

One-dimensionalcompressionrefersto situationswhere groundsettlement

whereE(Z)describesthe variation of vertical strain with depth.

Equations(3) and (5) arevalid for estimatingone-dimensionalcompression

The maximum pastpressure,&,, can be understoodas a yield stress,

is called the OverconsolidationRatio. For Normally Consolidated(NC)

The valuesof Ae = ef, - egi to input in equation(5) dependon the final

If the final stress&fs greaterthan avrn,the value of Ael is:

Aei = eJ - eui = Cr log vm

When unloading(reductionof effective stresses)occurs,the void ratio

wherethedifferenceby2- Zvl represents

Equation(3) canbeusedto evaluatethesoil deformations.

If thefinal stressZ$is greaterthan am, the verticalstrainis:

wherezV2- O,l is thereductionin effectivestress.

Input screensand menusare employedto enter the necessarydatafor the

Ladd,C.C.(1973),EstimatingSettlementof Structureson Cohesive

Extended Uniform Load

CONSOLIDATION STRESS, if,,(TSM)

Virgin Compression Aab

CONSOLIDATION STRESS, QTSM)

Figure 3. Compressioncurve and compressibilityparameters

Figure 4. Embankmentloading and parameters

Figure 7. Transformationof end of embankmentto equivalent

Figure 8. Parametersfor the determinationof increments

(a) Interior Point

Figure 9, Superpositionschemeto determineincrementsof vertical

Appendix A containsa compilation of theEMBANK programscreens.

then 4-i b Make selection.