Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Grupo No. 11
Muriel Fontalvo Ralphy Alonso
Ochoa Collazo Stiven Rafael
Prez Lpez Felipe Jos
Prez Sols Kelvin Andrs
7020-61-038
7020-61-017
7020-61-035
7020-61-041
Procesos de Manufactura I
Problemas:
9C-13 y 9C-14 del Schey
21.24 y 21.27 del Groover
Profesor:
Ing. Mec.Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Julin Salas Siado
9C- 13
La seccione en H que se va a extruir de una aleacin de al 6061. La
seccin es de 52 mm de ancho 52 mm de atura y el espesor del patn y
el alma es de 3mm.
a) Dibuje un bosquejo de la seccin; realice cualquier cambio
necesario en el diseo, en su anlisis, para facilitar la extrusin.
b) Obtenga la presin de extrusin y la fuerza mnima para la
extrusin sin lubricacin de una palanquilla de 150 mm de
dimetro a 500 C, si con la extrusin para una palanquilla de 450
mm de longitud
Datos de entrada
Material: Al 6061
Wf = ancho de la seccin = 52 mm
Hf = altura de la seccin = 52 mm
tpatin = espesor del patin = 3 mm
talma = espesor del alma = 3mm
D0= dimetro de la palanquilla = 150 mm
T = temperatura del proceso = 500
Vf = velcidad a la que emerge la extrusin = 1 m/s
Variables
Solucin
A partir de el ejemplo 9-13 del schey (pag 365) obtenemos el valor
de C = 37 Mpa y de m = 0.17 y para m utilizamos la ecuacin 9-24
del shey.
Primero debemos encontrar la areas inciales y finales
= 1767.46 mm2
9C 14
La extrusin del problema 9c-13 se har en una aleacin de Al 7075 a
450C. La extrusin emerge con severas grietas transversales a la
direccin de extrusin.
a) Identifique la causa del problema.
b) Con base en los datos del ejemplo 8-19, defina las condiciones de
extrusin que la haran segura.
Material 7075
Temperatura de solidus= 475C
La palanquilla entra a la maquina extrusora con una temperatura
de 450 C, al realizar el proceso la palanquilla adquiere una
variacin de la temperatura, una de perdida, si el proceso no es
isotrmico, y de ganancia, por la deformacin y por la friccin,
esta variacin de la temperatura depende mucho de la de la taza
Para salida en I
Para salida en H
EJERCICIO 21.24
Un tocho cilndrico de 100 mm de largo y 40 mm de dimetro se reduce
por extrusin indirecta (hacia atrs) a un dimetro de 15 milmetros. El
ngulo del dado = 90. Si la ecuacin de Johnson tiene a = 0.8 y b = 1.5
y si la curva de fluencia para el material de trabajo es K= 750MPa y n =
0.15, determine: a) la relacin de extrusin, b) la deformacin real
0.15
Ecuaciones a utilizar
A = D2 / 4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Fp = PpAo
(7)
Desarrollo
Primero hayamos las reas transversales, tanto la inicial como la final:
Ao = Do2 / 4 = (40mm)2 / 4 = 1256.64 mm2 = Ao
Af = Df2 / 4 = (15mm)2 / 4 = 176.71 mm2 = Af
Luego, las reemplazamos en la ecuacin (2)
= 7.11
(750Mpa)(1.96)0.15
--------------------------- = 721442684.1 Pa
1 + 0.15
Respuesta
a) la relacin de extrusin es 7.11 mm/mm
b) la deformacin real (homognea) es 1.96 mm/mm
c) la deformacin por Johnson es 3.74 mm/mm
d) la presin del pisn es 1.41 Mpa o 1414027661 Pa
e) la fuerza del pisn es 1.78 MN o 1776923.72 N
EJERCICIO 21.27
Una operacin de extrusin directa se ejecuta sobre un tocho cilndrico
con Lo=3 pulg y de Do=2 pulg. El ngulo del dado = 45 y el dimetro
Datos de entrada
Lo = 3 pulg
Do = 2 pulg
Df = 0.5 pulg
= 45
a = 0.8
b = 1.3
Yf = 15000 lb/pulg2
Ecuaciones a utilizar
A = D2 / 4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Desarrollo
Empezamos hallando las reas transversales tanto inicial, como la final,
por medio de la ecuacin (1)
Ao = Do2 / 4 = (2pulg)2 / 4 = 3.1416 pulg2
Af = Df2 / 4 = (0.5pulg)2 / 4 = 0.19 pulg2
3.1416 pulg2
---------------- = 16.00 pulg2/ pulg2
0.19 pulg2
Y ahora si tenemos todos los datos para poder hallar la presin del pisn
por medio de la ecuacin (4)
= 15000
2(3)
21.6 + ------2
Respuesta
a) La relacin de extrusin es 16.00 pulg2/ pulg2
b) La presin del pisn es igual a 369000 lb/pulg2
CONCLUSIONES
= 369000 lb/pulg2
Bibliografa
file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/CONFIG~1/Temp/Rar$EX02.250/gla
ss/5743121.html
ww.freepatentsonline.com/5743121.html
http://materias.fcyt.umss.edu.bo/tecno-II/PDF/cap-323.pdf
MATERIAL ANEXO
GLASS LUBRICATIONS
1. A method of hot working a metal workpiece comprising the steps of:
providing a metal workpiece, providing a glass lubricant which comprises
a metal oxide in which the metal is selected from the class consisting of
bismuth, tin, and copper, coating said metal workpiece with said glass
lubricant, reducing the metal oxide to form a duplex lubricant film, and
hot working the metal workpiece to produce a near-net-shape part with a
good quality finish.
2. A method of hot working a metal workpiece as in claim 1, wherein the
step of providing a glass lubricant further includes providing a silicate
glass powder containing from about 3 to 50 mole percent of the metal
oxide.
3. A method of hot working a metal workpiece as in claim 1, wherein the
step of reducing the metal oxide to form a duplex lubricant film further
includes preheating the workpiece with the glass lubricant thereon.
4. A method of hot working a metal workpiece as in claim 1, wherein the
step of reducing the metal oxide further includes forming a first layer of
metal adjacent to the workpiece and an outer molten glass layer.
5. A method of hot working a metal workpiece comprising the steps of:
providing a metal workpiece, providing a silicate glass powder
containing from about 3 to 50 mole percent of an oxide of a metal in
which the metal is selected from the class consisting of bismuth, tin, and
copper, coating the workpiece with the silicate glass powder, preheating
the workpiece with the silicate glass powder thereon producing a duplex
lubricant film, and hot working the workpiece to produce a near-netshape part with a good quality finish.
6. An article comprising: a metal workpiece, a reducible glass lubricant
adhering to the surfaces of said metal workpiece, and said lubricant
comprising a silicate glass powder containing from about 3 to 50 mole
percent of an oxide of a metal selected from the class consisting of
bismuth, tin and copper.
Description:
This invention relates to reducible glass lubricants for metalworking.
More particularly, this invention is directed to a method of hot working a
metal workpiece with a reducible glass lubricant thereon and to a metal
workpiece with a reducible glass lubricant thereon.
Industries such as aircraft engine and turbine manufacturing employ hot
metalworking operations such as extrusion and forging to produce high
quality, near-net-shape parts with good quality surface finishes.
Achieving the necessary degree of consistent surface and dimensional
quality requires metalworking lubrication capable of providing protection
for the highly finished and accurate dies. The processing involves
repeated contact between these dies and the hot workpiece metals
under very high pressures. Under these conditions the workpiece tends
to wear the dies by such mechanisms as erosion, galling and abrasion.
The workpiece metals employed, such as titanium alloys, are often
especially prone to aggressive attack on the dies. Worn dies then
produce parts of unacceptable quality.
Current practice in metalworking employs lubricant systems typically
comprising a glass applied to the workpiece plus an accessory lubricant
such as graphite applied to the dies. It has been found that glasses
containing lead oxide are especially effective as lubricants for precision
metalworking. However, the element lead is undesirable in an industrial
process.
It is apparent from the above that there exists a need in the art for a
method of hot working a metal with an improved lubricant thereon. It is
a purpose of this invention to fulfill this and other needs in the art in a
manner more apparent to the skilled artisan and given the following
disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
invention, is particularly
concluding part of the
be best understood by
in conjunction with the
coated onto the surfaces of the workpiece. In this operation, the glass
powder is dispersed preferably in water plus dispersants, binders, and
rheology agents to provide an adherent coating.
The silicate glass powder coating is a reducible glass lubricant coating.
The workpiece with the silicate glass powder coating or reducible glass
lubricant is preheated in a pre-heat furnace to a sufficient temperature
to reduce the reducible glass lubricant to a duplex lubricant on the
surface of the workpiece. This duplex lubricant is produced by including
the metal oxide of bismuth, tin or copper in the formation of the glass
which is chemically reduced to the respective metal as a soft metal
portion of the film adjacent the workpiece. The soft metal may be in a
molten state. The glass portion of the film is in a molten state adjacent
the soft metal portion. The glass portion is the outer portion of the
duplex film.
The workpiece with the duplex film is generally prepared just prior to the
hot working operation, such as extrusion or forging. As it is customary,
there may also be employed customary die lubricants, such as graphite,
applied to the dies. The preheated workpiece with duplex lubricant
thereon is hot worked by extrusion or forging to produce high quality,
near-net-shape parts with good quality surface finishes.
The foregoing has described a method of hot working of a metal
workpiece and a metal workpiece with a reducible glass coating thereon.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications
thereto can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention as defined in the appended claims.