Gouging is a process where an arc is established between a carbon rod and the

metal to be gouged and the metal is melted. A steady flow of air is blown into that
molten pool removing the molten metal. Increasing the amperage or slowing down
the travel speed allows a deeper gouge. Speeding up the travel speed or decreasing
the amperage removes less metal. Copper coated carbon rods are used and are
available in different diameters and shapes

Gouging
Gouging is a process where an arc is established between a carbon rod and the
metal to be gouged and the metal is melted. A steady flow of air is blown into that
molten pool removing the molten metal. Increasing the amperage or slowing down
the travel speed allows a deeper gouge. Speeding up the travel speed or decreasing
the amperage removes less metal. Copper coated carbon rods are used and are
available in different diameters and shapes.

Vocabulary Term

Definition

arc welding

A fusion welding process that uses electricity to generate the

heat needed to melt the base metals.

back-gouging

The removal of weld metal and base metal from the side
opposite of a partially welded joint to facilitate complete joint
penetration.

Vocabulary Term

Definition

bevel-groove weld

A type of groove weld with one edge shaped like the V-groove
weld and one edge that is square. This weld requires less
preparation and weld metal.

butt joint

A type of joint between two metal parts that lie in the same
plane. A butt joint is the most common joint type.

chipping

The act of cutting or breaking small pieces, or chips, with an

edged tool.

complete joint
penetration

The penetration by the weld metal throughout the full thickness

of the base metal in a joint with a groove weld.

concave

Curving inward like the inside of a bowl. Many fillet welds have
concave faces.

convex

Curving outward like the exterior part of a circle. Many fillet

welds have convex faces.

corner joint

A type of joint between two metal parts located at right angles

to one another. Corner joints require large amounts of weld
metal.

current

The flow of electricity, measured in amperes or amps. Arc

welding requires a continous flow of electricity to maintain the
arc.

double-groove weld

A weld that has two groove welds on both sides of the joint.

edge joint

A type of joint in which the surface of the two metal parts to be

joined are parallel to one another, and the weld is made at their
common edges.

electrode

A device that conducts electricity. In welding, the electrode also

can act as the filler metal.

fast-fill

A type of joint requirement that requires a large amount of weld

metal to fill the joint.

fast-follow

A type of joint requirement suggesting that molten metal must

follow the arc at a rapid speed.

fast-freeze

A type of joint requirement that implies that a joint is out of

position and requires quick solidification of weld metal.

filler metal

A type of metal sometimes added to the joint in fusion welding.

Vocabulary Term

Definition
Filler metal adds to the strength and mass of the welded joint.

fillet weld

A type of weld that is triangular in shape and joins two surfaces

at right angles to each other in a lap joint, T-joint, or corner joint.
Fillet welds are the most common types of welds.

flat-position welding

The welding position used to weld from the upper side of the
joint. The face of the weld is horizontal.

gouging

The act of scooping out larger pieces of metal with a tool.

grinding

The use of an abrasive to wear away at the surface of a

workpiece and change its shape.

groove weld

A type of weld that consists of an opening between two part

surfaces, which provides space to contain weld metal. Groove
welds are used on all joints except lap joints.

horizontal-position
welding

A common welding position used for fillet and groove welds. For
fillet welds, welding is performed on the upper side of a
horizontal surface and against a vertical surface. For groove
welds, the weld axis lies in a horizontal plane, and the weld face
lies in a vertical plane.

inadequate joint
penetration

Joint penetration that is less than specified in the joint design.

This may result from insufficient heat or poor control of the arc.

incomplete fusion

A weld discontinuity in which fusion did not properly occur

between weld metal and base metal or adjoining weld beads.

J-groove weld

A type of groove weld with an opening in the shape of the letter

"J." The edge of one metal part is concave, and the other is
square.

joint

The meeting point of the two materials that are joined together.
Welding creates a permanent joint.

joint penetration

The minimum depth that a groove weld extends into the face of
a joint.

joint preparation

The creation of the appropriate opening for a groove weld before

welding takes place. This may include grinding or machining the
edges to create the appropriate space.

lap joint

A type of joint between two overlapping metal parts in parallel

planes.

Vocabulary Term

Definition

leg

The distance from the root to the toe of the fillet weld. The size
of the fillet weld is determined by the length of its legs.

machining

The process of removing metal by producing chips through the

use of cutting tools.

overhead-position
welding

The welding position in which welding is performed from the

underside of the joint. Overhead-position welding is the most
difficult welding position.

partial joint
penetration

The penetration by the weld metal that is intentionally less than

complete.

penetration

A type of joint requirement that determines how deep the weld

metal extends into the joint.

plane

A flat surface that extends infinitely in any direction in three

dimensions.

plug weld

A type of weld made by joining one metal part with a circular

hole to another metal part positioned directly beneath it.

porosity

Cavity type discontinuities or bubbles formed by gas

entrapment during solidification of the weld metal.

resistance welding

A group of welding processes that joins parts by the heat

obtained from the resistance to the flow of electric current.
Pressure is applied to weld the parts together.

right triangle

A triangle with a 90 angle.

root opening

The separation at the joint root between the base metals. The
size of the root opening determines how much weld metal is
needed to obtain fusion at the root.

seam weld

A type of continuous weld made between or upon overlapping

metal parts.

single-groove weld

A weld that has one groove weld on one side of the joint.

slag inclusion

Non-metallic solid material entrapped in weld metal or between

weld metal and base metal.

slot weld

A type of weld made by joining one metal part with an

elongated hole to another metal part positioned directly
beneath it.

Vocabulary Term

Definition

spot weld

A type of weld made between or upon overlapping metal parts.

Multiple spot welds are generally required to join parts.

square-groove weld

A type of groove weld with a slight separation at the edges of

the base metal parts. This is the most economical groove weld
to prepare.

throat

The shortest distance between the weld root and the weld face.
The throat determines a fillet weld's size and strength.

T-joint

A type of joint produced when two metal parts are perpendicular

to each other, forming the shape of the letter "T."

U-groove weld

A type of groove weld with an opening in the shape of the letter

"U." The edges of a U-groove weld are concave.

undercut

A groove melted into the base material, usually along the toes
of the weld, that produces a weak spot in the weld.

underfill

A depression on the weld face or root surface that extends

below the adjacent surface of the base metal. Underfill is the
failure of the welder to properly fill the joint with metal.

vertical-position
welding

The welding position in which welding is done on a vertical

surface. Vertical-position welding is more difficult than flat- or
horizontal-position welding.

V-groove weld

A type of groove weld with an opening in the shape of the letter

"V." V-groove welds require more joint preparation but less weld
metal.

weld

A mix of metals that joins at least two separate parts. Welds can
be produced by applying heat or pressure, or both heat and
pressure, and they may or may not use an additional filler
metal.

weld axis

An imaginary line through the length of the weld perpendicular

to its cross section.

weld backing

A strip of metal located on the side opposite of the weld that

provides a surface for depositing the first layer of metal to
prevent molten metal from escaping through the joint. Weld
backing is used for complete penetration welds.

weld bead

The end product of a joint that has been welded.

Vocabulary Term

Definition

weld face

The exposed surface of a weld on the side from which welding

occurs.

weld metal

The portion of a weld that has been melted during welding.

weld root

The point at which the back of the weld intersects the base
metal surfaces.

weld toe

A point at which the weld face and the base metal meet.

welder

Either the person who performs a weld or the power source that
provides the electricity needed to perform an arc weld. Printed
materials may use both meanings of the term.

welding

A joining process that uses heat, pressure, and/or chemicals to

fuse two materials together permanently.

Source From: http://www.twi-global.com/technologies/welding-surfaceengineering-and-material-processing/cutting/arc-gouging/