Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, and Brasilia is the capital and the
largest country in both south America and the latin America region, the world fifth largest county
by means of geographical area and by its population. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east,
it has a coastline of 7,491 kilometer, and is also the largest Portuguese speaking country the
world and also inhabited by numerous tribal nations.
In terms of economy, Brazil is the worlds largest seventh largest by nominal GDP and
the seventh largest by purchasing power equality as of 2012. Its also the worlds largest
producer, exporter and consumer of coffee, sugar, sugarcane, tropical fruits, tobacco and orange
juice concentrate and the Worlds largest exporter of corn plus Havaianas and Ipanema are made
here, thats the perfect thing that Brazil has done.
Tourism is becoming a major industry in Brazil, particularly during the 2014 FIFA world
cup, to which it is the host. The tourism rated sky-rocketed from the year 2000 onwards as
awareness of its multifaceted appeal rose, its the most visited country in the continent of South
America today, its unique cultural integrity coupled with its absolute beauty, it is also a viable
business related destination. Services, industry and agriculture make up the vast majority of its
annual GDP and ensures that corporate personalities from around the world visit the
manufacturing plants, corporate giants, and so on that have their headquarters based in Brazil.
However in the later year, Brazil had issues, throughout much developing world, Human
rights in Brazil are legally protected by the Brazilian Constitution, but there remain numerous
concerns with regard to human rights in the country. These include the use of police brutality,
torture and summary executions by civil and military police and prison authorities. Slavery
persists against the excluded persons and children make up an alarming portion of the workforce.
These children are robbed of their childhood in order to provide economic supplementation to
their families. It is a common misconception that children, who do not participate in the formal
workforce, are not child laborers, it also defines child labor as any work that is detrimental to a
childs well-being or interferes with a childs education. Due to the many categories and
classifications of child labor, as well as its far-reaching causes, child labor is a difficult battle.

Child labor in Brazil remains mostly fueled by extreme poverty, Children are much more
likely to work when they live in a household where the potential of income generation is low and
where this potential has already been used up. In many low income Brazilian communities,
children constitute a reserve army of labor. When the adult members in the household do not
generate sufficient income, children are usually expected to work. Brazilian children are often
employed in places where they can work with their hands, such as in sugar, orange, coffee, or
cocoa plantations. Since field workers are often paid according to their output rather than an
hourly rate, parents are often tempted to make their children work with them to increase the
familys earnings. As a result, an important indicator for child labor is whether mothers has a
paid job or not, as children are likely to work with their mothers. This is particularly the case for
young children, especially girls, and children living in rural areas. There are strong connections
between mothers and childrens employment characteristics, including industry and sector,
location, commute times and whether paid. This distinctiveness has to be taken into
consideration when the government wants to address child labor in its policy. In addition to
poverty, cultural habits in Brazil also play a significant role in child labor, most of the people
who are parents today started working before they were eight years old. Since child labor was
very familiar to them as they were growing up, these Brazilians often fail to view child labor as a
serious problem, in contrast to their wealthier western counterparts. The problem of child labor
thus becomes trapped in a generational cycle.
A reason for parents to send children to work relates to the condition of Brazilian public
schools. In populated rural areas, primary schools are located far away from each other, and
secondary schools only exist in bigger cities. These schools are generally underequipped and in
bad structural shape due to lack of funding. Officially, education is compulsory for all children in
Brazil aged 7 to 14, but the requirement is only loosely enforced. There are many poor families
living in rural areas who cannot afford to buy the required school uniforms, books, and bus
tickets. 90% of children working in rural areas attend school for less than four years, and only
one out of every eight children living in a favela goes to school It is not only the direct result of
poverty; its causes are societal and cultural as well.
Child labor is a major problem, not only because of its direct impact on the child, but
because of the implications it has on society and culture as a whole, in regard of Child labor, it is

not easy to resolve, while it seems noble to immediately withdraw investments and cooperation
with firms and factories that employs child labor it may do more harm than good, that there
children are from very poor families and work to pay for their family and/or their education.
Some are being deprived of their income which has led to some children seeking different, their
being paid lower and even prostitution in some cases.
Thus, it remains highly neglected because of the relatively invisible nature of such work,
the difficulty in getting good date within and across countries; one of the seven children is in
child labor of some sort, according to the statistical efforts. Over 6% of the working children are
in community, social and personal services, including domestic work. Child domestic workers
are estimated around 325,000 and between 10 and 17 in Brazil. About 90% of domestic child
labor workers are girls; boys may be exceptionally share up to 50% then most are in the 12-17
age group, but there are also some that are 5 or 6, they are also often far from their families,
controlled by their employer, invisible to public authorities, frequently deprived of the basic
rights and related social services.
Child labor is sometimes downplayed as a serious violation of childrens right in Brazil.
Yet, child labor was the form of child exploitation. So, the concern with the Brazilian children
and adolescents from child labor, especially when it comes to protecting children who workers,
boys recruited by the drugs trade, as well as Afro-Brazilian and indigenous children. Some of the
worst forms include the use of children for sexual exploitation purpose, pornography, forced
labor and all forms of work that are likely to harm the safety and health or morals of children.
Finding the appropriate way to help working children is challenging because simply
prohibiting child labor may in fact worsen conditions for Brazils poorest citizens. It would be
mistaken to assume that parents would ensure that their children attend school regularly if they
expected harsh legal consequences for allowing them to carry a paid job. The government
outlaws child labor; parents would likely force their children to work in even less regulated and
less visible jobs. Certain areas of work, such as jobs in private households, cannot be effectively
regulated by the Brazilian state, and if children work in the home, it is nearly impossible to
protect them from abuses. Indeed, they say that domestic work can be even more harmful for
children than labor market jobs. Furthermore, domestic jobs are often not captured in child labor
statistics.

Brazil has been strengthening its child protection systems ability to prevent and respond
to all form of violence and child exploitation by raising public awareness, mobilizing law
enforcement agencies and the justice branch to act against criminal networks, reinforcing
specialized services, and more recently approving a new legislation that qualifies the sexual
exploitation of children and adolescents as a heinous crime.
. The major challenge, In spite of the recognized advances, in the fact the figures for the
5-15 age groups increased 5.6% and yet, the absolute numbers remain very high for Brazil. It is
emphasized the long distance that Brazil has travelled along the road towards child labor
elimination over the last decade and a half, the national development milestone of child labor
elimination has not yet reached in Brazil
Further, the government of Brazil launched a campaign to immediately report cases of
abuse, violence or exploitation of children, including child labor. In addition to being a report
tool, it also raises awareness and understanding of the different forms of violence against
children, including definitions of child labor, discrimination, and sexual violence. Despite of the
countries issues, it still has regulates this countrys educational system through the minister. The
government provides each area with funding the educational guidelines and the individual states
are responsible for implementing and enforcing there. Brazil is equipped with public and private
sector schools. The private sector schools are far superior in nature but are costly, while public
sector schools are of free charge. One policy was implemented in order to reduce child labor, a
program that will provide a financial assistance program for needy families.
The program goes beyond simply prohibiting child labor by also providing financial
incentives to poor families that ensure that their children attend school regularly and receive
vaccinations. It is available for all families that have an income below the poverty line,
furthermore, Families who otherwise would have to live in extreme poverty can receive
additional monetary assistance which is usually given to the female head of a household through
Citizen Cards, which are similar to debit cards and 94% of the funds go to the poorest 40% of
the population. Thus, it is a move that they say would more effectively benefit a larger number of
families. Brazils future should depend heavily on education reform, an issue that did not
adequately address.

It points out that there are several free employment opportunities in Brazil that remain
vacant due to a lack of well-educated workers of special concern is the poor reading and writing
abilities of many Brazilians.
Thus, thru the governments effort the number of working children in Brazil has been
declining in recent years, due to the efforts to reduce extreme poverty, which is demonstrably the
main cause of child labor. Nevertheless, 25.8% of families are still classified as very poor in
Brazil and are likely to continue to depend on child labor.
Even though the program provides an income supplement for a major portion of the
countrys poor, critics remain doubtful about the long-term effects of the program, Brazils new
president-elect still has much work to do to improve the situation of poor children in Brazil and
protect them from exploitation. If the country wants to continue to compete with other nations as
a major modern power, it needs a drastically improved education system, as well as highly
qualified workers. Consequently, ensuring that children are attending good schools on a regular
basis and do not fall into a cycle of child labor must remain as an issue of highest priority in the
hearts and minds of Brazilians across the country.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population
http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/bigcountries.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)
http://stopchildlabor.org/?p=2204
http://www.loc.gov/law/help/child-rights/brazil.php
http://www.coha.org/made-in-brazil-confronting-child-labor/