Deck Slab Bridge Design

Deck Slab Design
by
John Newhook
and
Gamil Tadro
Property of ISIS Canada
Please, if you find a mistake send the i

Gamil Tadros
E-mail: gtadros@telus.net
gn
and
Gamil Tadros
f ISIS Canada
mistake send the info to:
Steel-Reinforced Deck
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Option 1. Black steel

Option 2. epoxy steel
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Option 2 has same area of steel

but steel will be epoxy coated
Material Properties
Thickness Limits
steel
E
fy
concrete
f'c
Ec
fr
200,000 Mpa
400 MPa
bar properties
db
designation diameter
(mm)
10M
11.2
15M
16.0
20M
19.5
As
area
(mm2)
100
200
300
black
epoxy
others
35 MPa
26,622 MPa
2.4 MPa
kb
1.0
1.2
1
tmin = 175 mm
cover
top, ct
bottom, cb
min. layer separation

top trans. bar dia. =
bot trans. bar dia. =
tmin geometry =
70
50
mm
mm
55
mm
16.0
16.0
mm
mm
207
mm
tmin = Sg / 18
Sg
tmin
(mm)
(mm)
2,900
161
2,900
161
2,900
161
15M
15M
bar size
bar size
Empirical Design
girder
spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
Haunch
(mm)
20
=
0.003
initial selections
deck
select
bar dia.
thickness bot. trans.
db
(mm)
bar size
(mm)
225
15M
16
225
15M
16
225
15M
16
NU Flange
(mm)
40
d
(mm)
167
167
167
req'd.
As
(mm2/m)
501
501
501
girder
spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
req'd.
As
(mm2/m)
501
501
501
pick bar
size
15M
15M
15M
pick bar
size
15M
15M
15M
bottom reinforcement layer

transverse bars
bar area req'd bar pick bar
actual
As
spacing spacing, s
As
pick bar
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
200
399
300
667
15M
200
399
250
800
15M
200
399
200
1,000
15M
top reinforcement layer
transverse bars
actual
As
As
spacing spacing, s
pick bar
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
200
399
300
667
15M
200
399
250
800
15M
200
399
200
1,000
15M
longitudinal bars
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
As
spacing spacing, s
As
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
200
399
300
667
200
399
250
800
200
399
200
1,000
longitudinal bars
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
As
As
spacing spacing, s
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
200
399
300
667
200
399
250
800
200
399
200
1,000
Crack Width Check

wheel load
141.12
girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
moment
Ms
(kN-m/m)
42.9
kN
deck
t
(mm)
225
dead load
live
concrete
24.5
kN/m3
load
asphalt
20
kN/m3
cracking
wheel
deck
asphalt
Mcr
Ms
udl
Mdeck
thickness
udl
Mdeck
(kN-m/m) (kN-m/m) (kN/m/m) (kN-m/m)
(mm)
(kN/m/m) (kN-m/m)
20.0
39.5
5.5
2.9
50
1.0
0.5
Truck CL
DLA
Wheel
Factor
800
0.4
0.14
0.9
kN
% of Truck
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
A
2.9
2.9
B
42.9
42.9
C
225
225
D
20.0
20.0
E
39.5
39.5
F
5.5
5.5
G
2.9
2.9
H
50
50
I
1.0
1.0
J
0.5
0.5
db
(mm)
16
16
16
Srm
239
205
171
1.7
1.7
1.7
w
(mm)
0.66
0.48
0.32
limit
(mm)
0.25
0.25
0.25
Srm
185
163
140
1.7
1.7
1.7
w
(mm)
0.41
0.30
0.21
limit
(mm)
0.25
0.25
0.25
bottom transverse bars

cracked section properties
girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
bar
size
15M
15M
15M
spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
area
As
(mm2)
667
800
1,000
d
(mm)
167
167
167
0.0040
0.0048
0.0060
Es
(MPa)
200,000
200,000
200,000
modular
ratio
n
7.5
7.5
7.5
k
0.217
0.235
0.258
j
0.928
0.922
0.914
Ab
(mm2)
200
200
200
crack width calculations
h2
(mm)
189
186
182
dct
h2/3
(mm)
63
62
61
2.5c1
(mm)
145
145
145
lessor
(mm)
63
62
61
Act
(mm2)
18,880
15,484
12,124
stresses
cracking
SLS
fw
fs
(MPa)
(MPa)
193
416
162
349
131
281
sm
kb
kc
0.001629
0.001366
0.001102
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.0106
0.0129
0.0165
top transverse bars

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
bar
size
15M
15M
15M
spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
area
As
(mm2)
667
800
1000
d
(mm)
207
207
207
0.0032
0.0039
0.0048
Es
(MPa)
200,000
200,000
200,000
modular
ratio
n
7.5
7.5
7.5
k
0.197
0.214
0.236
j
0.934
0.929
0.921
Ab
(mm2)
200
200
200
h2
(mm)
244
241
236
2.5c1
(mm)
45
45
45
94
Design Summary
95
96
97
Option 1 Black Steel
dct
h2/3
(mm)
81
80
79
lessor
(mm)
45
45
45
Act
(mm2)
13,500
11,250
9,000
stresses
cracking
SLS
fw
fs
(MPa)
(MPa)
155
333
130
279
105
225
Reinforcement
sm
kb
kc
0.001305
0.001094
0.000882
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.0148
0.0178
0.0222
db
(mm)
16
16
16
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
Girder
Spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
225
225
225
C
D
black steel
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
15M
300
15M
250
15M
200
E
F
black steel
Top Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
15M
300
15M
250
15M
200
G
H
black steel
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
15M
300
15M
250
15M
200
J
black steel
Bottom Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
15M
300
15M
250
15M
200
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.41
0.66
0.30
0.48
0.21
0.32
epoxy steel
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
15M
300
15M
250
15M
200
Reinforcement
epoxy steel
epoxy steel
Top Long.
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
Size
Spacing
(mm)
(mm)
15M
300
15M
300
15M
250
15M
250
15M
200
15M
200
epoxy steel
Bottom Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
15M
300
15M
250
15M
200
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.49
0.79
0.36
0.57
0.25
0.39
Option 2 Epoxy Steel

Girder
Spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
225
225
225
GFRP-Reinforced Deck
Option 3. all GFRP
Material Properties
GFRP - V-Rod
E
fFRPu
Thickness Limits
43200 Mpa (lowest)

600 Mpa (lowest)
GFRP bar properties

db
(mm)
#3
9.5
#4
12.7
#5
15.9
#6
19.1
#8
25.4
concrete
f'c
Ec
fr
35 MPa
26,622 MPa
2.4 MPa
Af
area
(mm2)
71
127
198
285
507
tmin = 175 mm
cover

tmin geometry =
Empirical Design
bottom reinforcem
girder
spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
Haunch
(mm)
20
initial selections
deck
select
bar dia.
db
(mm)
bar size
(mm)
175
#6
19.1
175
#6
19.1
175
#6
19.1
ds
(mm)
130
130
130
girder
spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
NU Flange
(mm)
40
req'd.
Af
(mm2/m)
1510
1510
1510
req'd.
Af
(mm2/m)
457
457
457
pick bar
size
#6
#6
#6
transverse bars (500d

bar area req'd bar
Af
spacing
(mm2)
(mm)
285
189
285
189
285
189
pick bar
size
#6
#6
#6
top reinforcemen
transverse bars ( = 0.0035)
bar area req'd bar
Af
spacing
(mm2)
(mm)
285
624
285
624
285
624
Crack Width Check

wheel load
141.12
girder
spacing
(m)
moment
Ms
(kN-m/m)
kN
deck
t
(mm)
dead load
live
concrete
23.5
kN/m3
load
asphalt
20
kN/m3
cracking
wheel
deck
asphalt
Mcr
Ms
udl
Mdeck
thickness
udl
(mm)
(kN/m/m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
42.2
42.2
42.2
175
175
175
12.1
12.1
12.1
39.5136
39.5136
39.5136
4.1
4.1
4.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
50
50
50
1.0
1.0
1.0

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
h2
(mm)
151
150
148
bar
size
#6
#6
#6
spacing
(mm)
175
150
135
h1
(mm)
107
105
104
h2/h1
(mm)
1.4
1.4
1.4
area
Af
(mm2)
1,629
1,900
2,111
d
(mm)
130
130
130
db
(mm)
19.1
19.1
19.1

SLS
dc
fFRP
fFRP,max
(mm)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
45
211
150
45
182
150
45
164
150
0.0125
0.0146
0.0162
EFRP
(MPa)
43,200
43,200
43,200
modular
ratio
n
1.6
1.6
1.6
kb
0.8
0.8
0.8
k
0.182
0.195
0.204
w
(mm)
1.09
0.84
0.70
top transverse bars

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
h2
(mm)
205
204
202
bar
size
#6
#6
#6
spacing
(mm)
175
150
135
h1
(mm)
160
159
158
Design Summary
h2/h1
(mm)
1.3
1.3
1.3
area
Af
(mm2)
1,629
1,900
2,111
d
(mm)
200
190
190
db
(mm)
19.1
19.1
19.1

SLS
dc
fFRP
fFRP,max
(mm)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
45
136
150
45
123
150
45
111
150
0.0081
0.0100
0.0111
EFRP
(MPa)
43,200
43,200
43,200
modular
ratio
n
1.6
1.6
1.6
kb
0.8
0.8
0.8
k
0.150
0.164
0.173
w
(mm)
0.63
0.51
0.43
Option 3 All GFRP

Reinforcement
Girder
Spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
175
175
175
GFRP
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#6
175
#6
150
#6
135
GFRP
Top Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
275
#4
275
#4
275
GFRP
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
275
#4
275
#4
275
GFRP
Bottom Trans.
Size
#6
#6
#6
Thickness Limits
tmin = 175 mm
top, ct
bottom, cb
tmin geometry =
35
35
mm
mm
55
mm
19.1
19.1
mm
mm
163.1
mm

se bars (500ds/EFRP)
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
Af
pick bar
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
175
1,629
#4
150
1,900
#4
135
2,111
#4
rse bars ( = 0.0035)
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
Af
pick bar
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
175
1,629
#4
150
1,900
#4
135
2,111
#4
Truck CL
DLA
Wheel
Factor
asphalt
Mdeck
(kN-m/m)
tmin = Sg / 18
Sg
tmin
(mm)
(mm)
2,900
161
2,900
161
2,900
161
#6
#6
bar size
bar size
longitudinal bars ( = 0.0035)

bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
Af
spacing spacing, s
Af
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
127
277
275
461
127
277
275
461
127
277
275
461
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
Af
spacing spacing, s
Af
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
127
277
275
461
127
277
275
461
127
277
275
461
800
0.4
0.14
0.9
kN
% of Truck
0.5
0.5
0.5
j
0.939
0.935
0.932
limit
(mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5
j
0.950
0.945
0.942
limit
(mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5
GFRP
Bottom Trans.
Spacing
(mm)
175
150
135
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.63
1.09
0.51
0.84
0.43
0.70
CFRP-Reinforced Deck
Option 4. all CFRP
Material Properties
Thickness Limits
CFRP - Aslan 200

E
124000 Mpa (lowest)
fFRPu
2068 Mpa (lowest)
CFRP bar properties
db
(mm)
#2
6.0
#3
9.0
#4
12.0
concrete
f'c
Ec
fr
35 MPa
26622 MPa
2.4 MPa
Af
area
(mm2)
30
65
108
tmin = 175 mm
cover

tmin geometry =
Empirical Design
bottom reinforcem
girder
spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
Haunch
(mm)
20
initial selections
deck
select
bar dia.
db
(mm)
bar size
(mm)
175
#4
12.0
175
#4
12.0
175
#4
12.0
ds
(mm)
134
134
134
girder
spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
NU Flange
(mm)
40
req'd.
Af
(mm2/m)
540
540
540
req'd.
Af
(mm2/m)
469
469
469
pick bar
size
#4
#4
#4
transverse bars (500d

bar area req'd bar
Af
spacing
(mm2)
(mm)
108
200
108
200
108
200
pick bar
size
#4
#4
#4
top reinforcemen
transverse bars ( = 0.0035)
bar area req'd bar
Af
spacing
(mm2)
(mm)
108
231
108
231
108
231
Crack Width Check

wheel load
141.12
girder
spacing
(m)
moment
Ms
(kN-m/m)
kN
deck
t
(mm)
dead load
live
concrete
23.5
kN/m3
load
asphalt
20
kN/m3
cracking
wheel
deck
asphalt
Mcr
Ms
udl
Mdeck
thickness
udl
(mm)
(kN/m/m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
42.2
42.2
42.2
175
175
175
12.1
12.1
12.1
39.5136
39.5136
39.5136
4.1
4.1
4.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
50
50
50
1.0
1.0
1.0

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
h2
(mm)
151
150
148
bar
size
#4
#4
#4
spacing
(mm)
185
170
150
h1
(mm)
110
109
107
h2/h1
(mm)
1.4
1.4
1.4
area
Af
(mm2)
585
637
722
d
(mm)
134
134
134
db
(mm)
12.0
12.0
12.0

SLS
dc
fFRP
fFRP,max
(mm)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
41
573
1344.2
41
528
1344.2
41
467
1344.2
0.0044
0.0048
0.0054
EFRP
(MPa)
124000
124000
124000
modular
ratio
n
4.7
4.7
4.7
kb
0.8
0.8
0.8
k
0.182
0.189
0.200
w
(mm)
1.03
0.89
0.71
top transverse bars

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
h2
(mm)
204
202
199
bar
size
#4
#4
#4
spacing
(mm)
175
150
125
h1
(mm)
163
161
158
Design Summary
h2/h1
(mm)
1.3
1.3
1.3
area
Af
(mm2)
619
722
866
d
(mm)
200
194
194
db
(mm)
12.0
12.0
12.0

SLS
dc
fFRP
fFRP,max
(mm)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
41
360
1344.2
41
319
1344.2
41
268
1344.2
0.0031
0.0037
0.0045
EFRP
(MPa)
124000
124000
124000
modular
ratio
n
4.7
4.7
4.7
kb
0.8
0.8
0.8
k
0.156
0.170
0.184
w
(mm)
0.56
0.44
0.32
Option 4 All CFRP

Reinforcement
Girder
Spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
175
175
175
CFRP
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
175
#4
150
#4
125
CFRP
Top Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
225
#4
225
#4
225
CFRP
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
225
#4
225
#4
225
CFRP
Bottom Trans.
Size
#4
#4
#4
Thickness Limits
tmin = 175 mm
top, ct
bottom, cb
tmin geometry =
35
35
mm
mm
55
mm
12.0
12.0
mm
mm
149
mm

se bars (500ds/EFRP)
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
Af
pick bar
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
185
585
#4
170
637
#4
150
722
#4
rse bars ( = 0.0035)
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
Af
pick bar
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
175
619
#4
150
722
#4
125
866
#4
Truck CL
DLA
Wheel
Factor
asphalt
Mdeck
(kN-m/m)
tmin = Sg / 18
Sg
tmin
(mm)
(mm)
2900
161
2900
161
2900
161
#4
#4
bar size
bar size

bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
Af
spacing spacing, s
Af
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
108
231
225
481
108
231
225
481
108
231
225
481
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
Af
spacing spacing, s
Af
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
108
231
225
481
108
231
225
481
108
231
225
481
800
0.4
0.14
0.9
kN
% of Truck
0.5
0.5
0.5
j
0.939
0.937
0.933
limit
(mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5
j
0.948
0.943
0.939
limit
(mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5
CFRP
Bottom Trans.
Spacing
(mm)
185
170
150
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.56
1.03
0.44
0.89
0.32
0.71
FRP-Hybrid Reinforced Deck

Option 5. CFRP bottom transverse, GFRP elsewhere
Material Properties
Thickness Limits
CFRP - Aslan 200

E
124000 Mpa (lowest)
fFRPu
2068 Mpa (lowest)
GFRP bar properties
db
(mm)
#2
6.0
#3
9.0
#4
12.0
Af
area
(mm2)
30
65
108
concrete
f'c
Ec
fr
35 MPa
26622 MPa
2.4 MPa
Note: GFRP properties are

taken from Option 3 sheet
tmin = 175 mm
cover

tmin geometry =
Empirical Design
girder
spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
initial selections
deck
select
bar dia.
db
(mm)
bar size
(mm)
175
#4
12.0
175
#4
12.0
175
#4
12.0
Haunch
(mm)
20
NU Flange
(mm)
40
ds
(mm)
134
134
134
req'd.
Af
(mm2/m)
540
540
540
girder
spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
req'd.
Af
(mm2/m)
469
469
469
bottom reinforcem
CFRP transverse bars (500d
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
Af
spacing
size
(mm2)
(mm)
#4
108
200
#4
108
200
#4
108
200
top reinforcemen
GFRP transverse bars ( = 0.0035)
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
Af
spacing
size
(mm2)
(mm)
#6
285
608
#6
285
608
#6
285
608
Crack Width Check

wheel load
141.12
girder
spacing
(m)
moment
Ms
(kN-m/m)
kN
deck
t
(mm)
dead load
live
concrete
23.5
kN/m3
load
asphalt
20
kN/m3
cracking
wheel
deck
asphalt
Mcr
Ms
udl
Mdeck
thickness
udl
(mm)
(kN/m/m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
42.2
42.2
42.2
175
175
175
12.1
12.1
12.1
39.5136
39.5136
39.5136
4.1
4.1
4.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
50
50
50
1.0
1.0
1.0
CFRP bottom transverse bars

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
h2
(mm)
151
150
148
bar
size
#4
#4
#4
spacing
(mm)
185
170
150
h1
(mm)
110
109
107
h2/h1
(mm)
1.4
1.4
1.4
area
Af
(mm2)
585
637
722
d
(mm)
134
134
134
db
(mm)
12.0
12.0
12.0

SLS
dc
fFRP
fFRP,max
(mm)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
41
573
1344.2
41
528
1344.2
41
467
1344.2
0.0044
0.0048
0.0054
EFRP
(MPa)
124000
124000
124000
modular
ratio
n
4.7
4.7
4.7
kb
0.8
0.8
0.8
k
0.182
0.189
0.200
w
(mm)
1.03
0.89
0.71
GFRP top transverse bars

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
h2
(mm)
205
204
202
bar
size
#6
#6
#6
spacing
(mm)
175
150
135
h1
(mm)
160
159
158
Design Summary
h2/h1
(mm)
1.3
1.3
1.3
area
Af
(mm2)
1629
1900
2111
d
(mm)
200
190
190
db
(mm)
19.1
19.1
19.1

SLS
dc
fFRP
fFRP,max
(mm)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
45
136
150
45
123
150
45
111
150
0.0081
0.0100
0.0111
EFRP
(MPa)
43200
43200
43200
modular
ratio
n
1.6
1.6
1.6
kb
0.8
0.8
0.8
k
0.150
0.164
0.173
w
(mm)
0.63
0.51
0.43
Option 5 FRP- Hybrid

Reinforcement
Girder
Spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
175
175
175
GFRP
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#6
175
#6
150
#6
135
GFRP
Top Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
270
#4
270
#4
270
GFRP
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
270
#4
270
#4
270
CFRP
Bottom Trans.
Size
#4
#4
#4
Thickness Limits
tmin = 175 mm
top, ct
bottom, cb
tmin geometry =
35
35
mm
mm
55
mm
19.1
12.0
mm
mm
156.05
mm
tmin = Sg / 18
Sg
tmin
(mm)
(mm)
2900
161
2900
161
2900
161
#6
#4
GFRP
CFRP

sverse bars (500ds/EFRP)
GFRP longitudinal bars ( = 0.0035)
pick bar
actual
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
Af
pick bar
Af
spacing spacing, s
Af
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
185
585
#4
127
270
270
469
170
637
#4
127
270
270
469
150
722
#4
127
270
270
469
sverse bars ( = 0.0035)
pick bar
actual
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
Af
pick bar
Af
spacing spacing, s
Af
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
175
1629
#4
127
270
270
469
150
1900
#4
127
270
270
469
135
2111
#4
127
270
270
469
Truck CL
DLA
Wheel
Factor
asphalt
Mdeck
(kN-m/m)
800
0.4
0.14
0.9
kN
% of Truck
0.5
0.5
0.5
j
0.939
0.937
0.933
limit
(mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5
j
0.950
0.945
0.942
limit
(mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5
CFRP
Bottom Trans.
Spacing
(mm)
185
170
150
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.63
1.03
0.51
0.89
0.43
0.71
Steel -FRP Hybrid Reinforced Deck

Option 6. Steel bottom layer, GFRP top layer
Material Properties
Thickness Limits
steel
E
fy
concrete
f'c
Ec
fr
200000 Mpa
400 MPa
35 MPa
26622 MPa
2.4 MPa
tmin = 175 mm
cover
bar properties
db
(mm)
10M
11.2
15M
16.0
20M
19.5
As
area
(mm2)
100
200
300
Note: GFRP properties are

taken from Option 3 sheet

tmin geometry =
Empirical Design
girder
spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
=
0.003
initial selections
deck
select
bar dia.
db
(mm)
bar size
(mm)
200
15M
16
200
15M
16
200
15M
16
Haunch
(mm)
20
NU Flange
(mm)
40
d
(mm)
142
142
142
req'd.
As
(mm2/m)
426
426
426
girder
spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
req'd.
Af
(mm2/m)
497
497
497
steel bottom reinforc

transverse bars
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
As
spacing
size
(mm2)
(mm)
15M
200
469
15M
200
469
15M
200
469
top reinforcemen
GFRP transverse bars ( = 0.0035)
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
Af
spacing
size
(mm2)
(mm)
#6
285
573
#6
285
573
#6
285
573
Crack Width Check

wheel load
141.12
girder
spacing
(m)
moment
Ms
(kN-m/m)
kN
deck
t
(mm)
dead load
live
concrete
23.5
kN/m3
load
asphalt
20
kN/m3
cracking
wheel
deck
asphalt
Mcr
Ms
udl
Mdeck
thickness
udl
(mm)
(kN/m/m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
42.5
42.5
42.5
200
200
200
15.8
15.8
15.8
39.5136
39.5136
39.5136
4.7
4.7
4.7
2.5
2.5
2.5
50
50
50
1.0
1.0
1.0

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
bar
size
15M
15M
15M
spacing
(mm)
250
250
225
area
As
(mm2)
800
800
889
d
(mm)
142
142
142
0.0056
0.0056
0.0063
Es
(MPa)
200000
200000
200000
modular
ratio
n
7.5
7.5
7.5
k
0.252
0.252
0.263
h2
(mm)
164
164
163
dct
h2/3
(mm)
55
55
54
2.5c1
(mm)
145
145
145
lessor
(mm)
55
55
54
Act
(mm2)
13688
13688
12197
stresses
cracking
SLS
fw
fs
(MPa)
(MPa)
152
408
152
408
137
369
sm
kb
0.001761
0.001761
0.001592
1
1
1
GFRP top transverse bars

girder
spacing
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
h2
(mm)
230
230
228
bar
size
#6
#6
#6
spacing
(mm)
200
185
165
h1
(mm)
185
185
183
Design Summary
h2/h1
(mm)
1.2
1.2
1.2
area
Af
(mm2)
1425
1541
1727
d
(mm)
225
215
215
db
(mm)
19.1
19.1
19.1

SLS
dc
fFRP
fFRP,max
(mm)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
45
139
150
45
134
150
45
120
150
0.0063
0.0071
0.0080
EFRP
(MPa)
43200
43200
43200
modular
ratio
n
1.6
1.6
1.6
kb
0.8
0.8
0.8
k
0.133
0.141
0.149
w
(mm)
0.70
0.63
0.52
Option 6 Steel-FRP Hybrid

Girder
Spacing
(mm)
2900
2900
2900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
200
200
200
GFRP
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#6
200
#6
185
#6
165
Reinforcement
GFRP
black steel
Top Long.
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
Size
Spacing
(mm)
(mm)
#4
225
15M
300
#4
225
15M
300
#4
225
15M
300
black steel
Bottom Trans.
Size
15M
15M
15M
Thickness Limits
tmin = 175 mm
top, ct
bottom, cb
tmin geometry =
35
50
mm
mm
55
mm
19.1
19.5
mm
mm
178.55
mm
tmin = Sg / 18
Sg
tmin
(mm)
(mm)
2900
161
2900
161
2900
161
#6
20M
bar size
bar size
steel bottom reinforcement layer

ansverse bars
longitudinal bars
pick bar
actual
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
As
pick bar
As
spacing spacing, s
As
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
250
800
15M
200
469
300
667
250
800
15M
200
469
300
667
225
889
15M
200
469
300
667
sverse bars ( = 0.0035)
pick bar
actual
bar area req'd bar
pick bar
actual
spacing, s
Af
pick bar
Af
spacing spacing, s
Af
(mm)
(mm2/m)
size
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
200
1425
#4
127
255
225
563
185
1541
#4
127
255
225
563
165
1727
#4
127
255
225
563
Truck CL
DLA
Wheel
Factor
asphalt
Mdeck
(kN-m/m)
800
0.4
0.14
0.9
kN
% of Truck
0.5
0.5
0.5
om transverse bars
j
0.916
0.916
0.912
Ab
(mm2)
200
200
200
k width calculations
kc
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.0146
0.0146
0.0164
j
0.956
0.953
0.950
limit
(mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5
db
(mm)
16
16
16
Srm
187
187
172
1.7
1.7
1.7
w
(mm)
0.56
0.56
0.47
limit
(mm)
0.25
0.25
0.25
black steel
Bottom Trans.
Spacing
(mm)
250
250
225
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.70
0.56
0.63
0.56
0.52
0.47
Externally Restrained Deck

Option 7. GFRP crack control, steel straps
Material Properties
Thickness Limits
GFRP - V-Rod
E
43200 Mpa (lowest)
fFRPu
600 Mpa (lowest)
GFRP bar properties
db
(mm)
#3
9.5
#4
12.7
#5
15.9
#6
19.1
#8
25.4
Af
area
(mm2)
71
127
198
285
507
concrete
f'c
Ec
fr
35 MPa
26622 MPa
2.4 MPa
tmin = 175 mm
tmin geometry =
Steel Straps
E
fy
200,000 Mpa
400 MPa
Empirical Design
girder
spacing
(mm)
2,900
2,900
2,900
deck
thickness
(mm)
175
175
200
strap
spacing
(mm)
1,200
1,200
1,200
strap
As
(mm2)
1730
1730
1514
Strap Selection
dimensions
thickness width req'd.
(mm)
(mm)
25
69
25
69
25
61
GFRP Crack Control Reinf

width
(mm)
35
55
65
Design Summary
Option 7 Externally Restrained
Girder
Deck
Straps
Spacing Thickness thickness x width
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
2,900
175
25
35
2,900
175
25
55
2,900
200
25
65
spacing
(mm)
1,200
1,200
1,200
GFRP
Size
Spacing
(mm)
#4
300
#4
300
#4
300
req'd.
As
(mm2/m)
263
263
300
pick bar
size
#4
#4
#4
Thickness Limits
tmin = 175 mm
tmin geometry =
175
mm
tmin = Sg / 15
Sg
tmin
(mm)
(mm)
2,900
193
2,900
193
2,900
193
GFRP Crack Control Reinforcement

actual
spacing spacing, s
Af
Af
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2/m)
127
483
300
422
127
483
300
422
127
422
300
422
Summary of Design Options

Girder Spacing
Option
1
2
3
4
5
6
Description
black steel
epoxy steel
GFRP
CFRP
GFRP/CFRP
GFRP/steel
2900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
225
225
175
175
175
200
mm
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
(mm)
15M
300
15M
300
#6
175
#4
175
#6
175
#6
200
Reinforcement
Top Long.
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
Size
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
15M
300
15M
15M
300
15M
#4
275
#4
#4
225
#4
#4
270
#4
#4
225
15M
Straps
externally restrained
Girder Spacing
Option
1
2
3
4
5
6
Description
black steel
epoxy steel
GFRP
CFRP
GFRP/CFRP
GFRP/steel
175
2900
Deck
Thickness
(mm)
225
225
175
175
175
200
#4
300
#4
300
thickness
(mm)
25
mm
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
(mm)
15M
250
15M
250
#6
150
#4
150
#6
150
#6
185
Reinforcement
Top Long.
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
Size
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
15M
250
15M
15M
250
15M
#4
275
#4
#4
225
#4
#4
270
#4
#4
225
15M
Straps
Girder Spacing
175
2900
Deck
Thickness
#4
300
#4
300
thickness
(mm)
25
mm
Top Trans.
Size
Spacing
Reinforcement
Top Long.
Bottom Long.
Size
Spacing
Size
Option
1
2
3
4
5
6
Description
black steel
epoxy steel
GFRP
CFRP
GFRP/CFRP
GFRP/steel
(mm)
225
225
175
175
175
200
(mm)
15M
15M
#6
#4
#6
#6
(mm)
200
200
135
125
135
165
(mm)
15M
15M
#4
#4
#4
#4
(mm)
200
200
275
225
270
225
(mm)
15M
15M
#4
#4
#4
15M
300
thickness
(mm)
25
Straps
200
#4
300
#4
rcement
Bottom Long.
Spacing
(mm)
300
300
275
225
270
300
Straps
x width
(mm)
35
rcement
Bottom Long.
Spacing
(mm)
250
250
275
225
270
300
Straps
x width
(mm)
65
rcement
Bottom Long.
Spacing
Bottom Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
(mm)
15M
300
15M
300
#6
175
#4
185
#4
185
15M
250
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.41
0.66
0.49
0.79
0.63
1.09
0.56
1.03
0.63
1.03
0.70
0.56
spacing
(mm)
1200
Bottom Trans.
Size
Spacing
(mm)
(mm)
15M
250
15M
250
#6
150
#4
170
#4
170
15M
250
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
(mm)
0.30
0.48
0.36
0.57
0.51
0.84
0.44
0.89
0.51
0.89
0.63
0.56
spacing
(mm)
1200
Bottom Trans.
Size
Spacing
Crack Width
Top
Bottom
(mm)
200
200
275
225
270
300
(mm)
15M
15M
#6
#4
#4
15M
Straps
x width
(mm)
65
spacing
(mm)
1200
(mm)
200
200
135
150
150
225
(mm)
0.21
0.25
0.43
0.32
0.43
0.52
(mm)
0.32
0.39
0.70
0.71
0.71
0.47
Basic Cost database
Component
units Supply
Reinforcement
black steel
kg
epoxy-coated steel
kg
galvanized steel
kg
stainless steel clad
kg
stainless steel solid
kg
MMFX steel
kg
GFRP #3
m
$1.85
GFRP #4
m
$2.85
GFRP #5
m
$4.15
GFRP #6
m
$5.95
GFRP #8
m
$9.50
CFRP #3
m
$15.00
CFRP #4
m
$25.00
Other Deck Materials
formwork
m2
concrete - FRC
m3
concrete - normal
m3
concrete - HPC
m3
asphalt only 50 mm
m2
concrete wearing coarse 15 mm
m2
high density concrete
m2
membrane and asphalt
m2
polymer modified asphalt - 50 mm
m2
steel straps
kg
Cost ($ /units)
Install
Total
$1.00
$1.15
$1.40
$1.80
$2.00
$2.00
$2.00
$2.10
$3.00
$3.00
$8.00
$12.00
$3.50
$2.85
$4.00
$5.55
$7.75
$11.50
$17.00
$27.00
$120.00
$300.00
$220.00
$440.00
$35.00
$7.00
$70.00
$60.00
$45.00
$4.00
search
code
black
epoxy
galv
MMFX
SS clad
SS soild
#3
#4
#5
#6
#8
#3
#4
blank1
blank2
FRC
HPC
normal
asphalt
concrete
HD overlay
membrane
PMA
none
$2.10
$3.00
$3.00
$3.50
$8.00
$12.00
$2.85
$4.00
$5.55
$7.75
$11.50
$17.00
$27.00
$0.00
$120.00
$300.00
$440.00
$220.00
$35.00
$7.00
$70.00
$60.00
$45.00
$4.00
steel
bar
10M
15M
20M
kg/m
0.785
1.57
2.355
Option Costs per Square Metre of Bridge Deck

Deck Size: choose section 1 girder spacing wide by 1 m long
area = 1 x Sg m2
determine material quantities for section
determine cost for section
divide section cost by area to get $/m2
Option 1 Steel-Reinforced Deck
thickness
(mm)
225
225
225
section
area
(m2)
2.9
2.9
2.9
top transverse Size

unit cost
($/kg)
15M
$2.10
15M
$2.10
15M
$2.10
bottom transverse Size
unit cost
($/kg)
15M
$2.10
15M
$2.10
15M
$2.10
black
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
black
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
Sg
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
volume
(m3)
0.6525
0.6525
0.6525
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
concrete
type
unit cost
($/m3)
HPC
$440
HPC
$440
HPC
$440
cost
$287
$287
$287
formwork
unit cost
cost
($/m2)
120
348
120
348
120
348
reinforcement
top longitudinal cost
Size
unit cost
($/kg)
$32
15M
$2.10
$38
15M
$2.10
$48
15M
$2.10
bottom longitudinal cost
Size
unit cost
($/kg)
$32
15M
$2.10
$38
15M
$2.10
$48
15M
$2.10
black
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
black
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
concrete
type
unit cost
($/m3)
HPC
$440
HPC
$440
HPC
$440
formwork
unit cost
cost
($/m2)
120
348
120
348
120
348
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
Option 2 Steel-Reinforced Deck
Sg
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
thickness
(mm)
225
225
225
top transverse -
section
area
(m2)
2.9
2.9
2.9
epoxy
volume
(m3)
0.6525
0.6525
0.6525
cost
$287
$287
$287
reinforcement
top longitudinal -
epoxy
Size
unit cost
($/kg)
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
unit cost
($/kg)
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
epoxy
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
cost
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
cost
$46
$55
$68
$46
$55
$68
Size
unit cost
($/kg)
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
bottom longitudinal Size
unit cost
($/kg)
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
15M
$3.00
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
epoxy
Spacing
(mm)
300
250
200
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
Quantity
(kg)
15.2
18.2
22.8
Option 3 GFRP-Reinforced Deck
thickness
(mm)
175
175
175
section
area
(m2)
2.9
2.9
2.9
top transverse Size

unit cost
($/m)
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
unit cost
($/m)
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
175
150
135
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
175
150
135
Sg
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
volume
(m3)
0.5075
0.5075
0.5075
Quantity
(m)
16.6
19.3
21.5
Quantity
(m)
16.6
19.3
21.5
concrete
type
unit cost
($/m3)
normal
$220
normal
$220
normal
$220
cost
$112
$112
$112
reinforcement
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$128
#4
$4.00
$150
#4
$4.00
$166
#4
$4.00
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$128
#4
$4.00
$150
#4
$4.00
$166
#4
$4.00
formwork
unit cost
cost
($/m2)
120
348
120
348
120
348
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
275
275
275
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
275
275
275
Quantity
(m)
10.5
10.5
10.5
Quantity
(m)
10.5
10.5
10.5
Option 4 CFRP-Reinforced Deck
Sg
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
thickness
(mm)
175
175
175
section
area
(m2)
2.9
2.9
2.9
volume
(m3)
0.5075
0.5075
0.5075
concrete
type
unit cost
($/m3)
normal
$220
normal
$220
normal
$220
cost
$112
$112
$112
formwork
unit cost
cost
($/m2)
120
348
120
348
120
348
top transverse Size

unit cost
($/m)
#4
$27.00
#4
$27.00
#4
$27.00
unit cost
($/m)
#4
$27.00
#4
$27.00
#4
$27.00
CFRP
Spacing
(mm)
175
150
125
CFRP
Spacing
(mm)
185
170
150
Quantity
(m)
16.6
19.3
23.2
Quantity
(m)
15.7
17.1
19.3
reinforcement
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$447
#4
$27.00
$522
#4
$27.00
$626
#4
$27.00
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$423
#4
$27.00
$461
#4
$27.00
$522
#4
$27.00
CFRP
Spacing
(mm)
225
225
225
CFRP
Spacing
(mm)
225
225
225
Quantity
(m)
12.9
12.9
12.9
Quantity
(m)
12.9
12.9
12.9
Option 5 FRP-Hybrid Reinforced Deck
Sg
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
thickness
(mm)
175
175
175
top transverse Size

unit cost
($/m)
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
unit cost
($/m)
#4
$27.00
#4
$27.00
#4
$27.00
section
area
(m2)
2.9
2.9
2.9
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
175
150
135
CFRP
Spacing
(mm)
185
170
150
volume
(m3)
0.5075
0.5075
0.5075
Quantity
(m)
16.6
19.3
21.5
Quantity
(m)
15.7
17.1
19.3
concrete
type
unit cost
($/m3)
normal
$220
normal
$220
normal
$220
cost
$112
$112
$112
reinforcement
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$128
#4
$4.00
$150
#4
$4.00
$166
#4
$4.00
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$423
#4
$4.00
$461
#4
$4.00
$522
#4
$4.00
formwork
unit cost
cost
($/m2)
120
348
120
348
120
348
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
270
270
270
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
270
270
270
Quantity
(m)
10.7
10.7
10.7
Quantity
(m)
10.7
10.7
10.7
Option 6 Steel -FRP Hybrid Reinforced Deck
Sg
(m)
2.9
2.9
thickness
(mm)
200
200
section
area
(m2)
2.9
2.9
volume
(m3)
0.58
0.58
concrete
type
unit cost
($/m3)
HPC
$440
HPC
$440
cost
$255
$255
formwork
unit cost
cost
($/m2)
120
348
120
348
2.9
200
top transverse Size

unit cost
($/m)
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
#6
$7.75
unit cost
($/m)
15M
$2.10
15M
$2.10
15M
$2.10
2.9
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
200
185
165
black
Spacing
(mm)
250
250
225
0.58
HPC
$440
$255
120
348
reinforcement
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$112
#4
$4.00
$121
#4
$4.00
$136
#4
$4.00
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$38
15M
$2.10
$38
15M
$2.10
$42
15M
$2.10
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
225
225
225
black
Spacing
(mm)
300
300
300
volume
(m3)
0.5075
0.5075
0.58
concrete
type
unit cost
($/m3)
FRC
$300
FRC
$300
FRC
$300
formwork
unit cost
cost
($/m2)
120
348
120
348
120
348
Quantity
(m)
9.7
9.7
9.7
reinforcement
Size
unit cost
($/m)
$39
#4
$4.00
$39
#4
$4.00
$39
#4
$4.00
Quantity
(m)
14.5
15.7
17.6
Quantity
(m)
18.2
18.2
20.2
Quantity
(m)
12.9
12.9
12.9
Quantity
(m)
15.2
15.2
15.2
Option 7 Externally Restrained Deck
Sg
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
thickness
(mm)
175
175
200
top transverse Size

unit cost
($/m)
#4
$4.00
#4
$4.00
#4
$4.00
thickness
(mm)
25
25
25
width
(mm)
35
55
65
section
area
(m2)
2.9
2.9
2.9
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
300
300
300
straps
Spacing
(mm)
1200
1200
1200
Quantity
(kg)
48.1
75.6
89.4
cost
$193
$303
$358
cost
$152
$152
$174
GFRP
Spacing
(mm)
300
300
300
Quantity
(m)
9.7
9.7
9.7
type
asphalt
asphalt
asphalt
topping
unit cost
($/m2)
$35
$35
$35
$32
$38
$48
$102
$102
$102
$737
$737
$737
Option Cost
Sg
Total
(m)
($/m2)
2.9
$298
2.9
$307
2.9
$320
cost
$32
$38
$48
asphalt
asphalt
asphalt
sub-total
decking
reinforcing
sub-total
Sg
(m)
reinf'g
2.9
$127
2.9
$153
2.9
$191
cost
type
cost
topping
unit cost
($/m2)
$35
$35
$35
cost
sub-total
decking
$102
$102
$102
$737
$737
$737
reinforcing
Sg
sub-total
cost
(m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
$46
$55
$68
Option Cost
Sg
Total
(m)
($/m2)
2.9
$317
2.9
$329
2.9
$348
cost
$46
$55
$68
type
asphalt
asphalt
asphalt
topping
unit cost
($/m2)
$35
$35
$35
$42
$42
$42
sub-total
decking
$102
$102
$102
$561
$561
$561
Option Cost
Total
Sg
(m)
($/m2)
2.9
$311
2.9
$326
2.9
$337
cost
$42
$42
$42
asphalt
asphalt
asphalt
cost
reinforcing
Sg
sub-total
(m)
reinf'g
2.9
$341
2.9
$384
2.9
$417
cost
type
reinf'g
$182
$219
$273
topping
unit cost
($/m2)
$35
$35
$35
cost
sub-total
decking
$102
$102
$102
$561
$561
$561
reinforcing
Sg
sub-total
(m)
reinf'g
2.9
$1,567
2.9
$1,679
2.9
$1,844
cost
$348
$348
$348
Option Cost
Sg
Total
(m)
($/m2)
2.9
$734
2.9
$772
2.9
$830
cost
$348
$348
$348
type
asphalt
asphalt
asphalt
topping
unit cost
($/m2)
$35
$35
$35
$43
$43
$43
$561
$561
$561
Option Cost
Sg
Total
(m)
($/m2)
2.9
$413
2.9
$434
2.9
$461
cost
$43
$43
$43
asphalt
asphalt
$102
$102
$102
reinforcing
sub-total
Sg
(m)
reinf'g
2.9
$638
2.9
$696
2.9
$774
cost
type
cost
sub-total
decking
topping
unit cost
($/m2)
$35
$35
cost
sub-total
decking
$102
$102
$705
$705
asphalt
$35
$52
$52
$52
Option Cost
Sg
Total
(m)
($/m2)
2.9
$324
2.9
$327
2.9
$333
cost
$32
$32
$32
asphalt
asphalt
asphalt
cost
$39
$39
$39
$705
reinforcing
Sg
sub-total
(m)
reinf'g
2.9
$234
2.9
$243
2.9
$262
cost
type
$102
topping
unit cost
($/m2)
$35
$35
$35
cost
sub-total
decking
$102
$102
$102
$602
$602
$624
reinforcing
Sg
sub-total
(m)
reinf'g
2.9
$270
2.9
$380
2.9
$435
Option Cost
Sg
Total
(m)
($/m2)
2.9
$301
2.9
$339
2.9
$365
search
codes
black
epoxy
galv
MMFX
SS clad
SS soild
#3
#4
#5
#6
#8
#3
#4
FRC
HPC
normal
asphalt
concrete
HD overlay
membrane
PMA
none
Summary of Construction Costs

Girder Spacing (m)
2.9
2.9
2.9
$298
$307
$320
$317
$329
$348
2.9
2.9
2.9
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.06
1.07
1.09
2.9
2.9
2.9
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
2.9
2.9
2.9
$22
$26
$33
$31
$38
$47
2.9
2.9
2.9
$22
$26
$33
$31
$38
$47
Option
4
5
Total Cost ($/m2)
$311
$734
$413
$326
$772
$434
$337
$830
$461
Ratio of cost with Option 1
1.04
2.46
1.39
1.06
2.52
1.41
1.05
2.59
1.44
Concrete Deck Costs ($/m2)
$39
$39
$39
$39
$39
$39
$39
$39
$39
Top Reinforcement Costs ($/m2)
$59
$274
$59
$66
$300
$66
$72
$336
$72
Bottom Reinforcement Costs ($/m2)
$59
$266
$161
$66
$279
$174
$72
$300
$195
3
6
$324
$327
$333
1.09
1.07
1.04
$88
$88
$88
$57
$60
$65
$24
$24
$26
7
$301
$339
$365
1.01
1.10
1.14
$53
$53
$60
cost temporary worksheet

1
2
3
4
5
6
Concrete Deck Costs ($ per section area)
287.10
287.10
111.65
111.65
111.65
255.20
287.10
287.10
111.65
111.65
111.65
255.20
287.10
287.10
111.65
111.65
111.65
255.20
7
152.25
152.25
174.00
2)
$27
$27
$27
63.74
76.49
95.61
91.06
109.27
136.59
170.61
192.02
208.66
795.43
870.00
974.40
171.39
192.80
209.44
163.93
173.04
187.77
77.33
77.33
77.33
$66
$104
$123
63.74
76.49
95.61
91.06
109.27
136.59
170.61
192.02
208.66
771.24
808.59
870.00
466.21
503.55
564.96
70.12
70.12
74.37
192.55
302.58
357.60
m2)
section
area
2.9
2.9
2.9

Deck Slab Bridge Design

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Deck Slab Bridge Design

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Deck Slab Design

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Option 1. Black steel

Option 2 has same area of steel

min. layer separation

bottom reinforcement layer

Crack Width Check

bottom transverse bars

crack width calculations

top transverse bars

crack width calculations

Option 1 Black Steel

Option 2 Epoxy Steel

43200 Mpa (lowest)

GFRP bar properties

min. layer separation

transverse bars (500d

Crack Width Check

bottom transverse bars

crack width calculations

top transverse bars

crack width calculations

Option 3 All GFRP

bottom reinforcement layer

longitudinal bars ( = 0.0035)

CFRP - Aslan 200

min. layer separation

transverse bars (500d

Crack Width Check

bottom transverse bars

crack width calculations

top transverse bars

crack width calculations

Option 4 All CFRP

bottom reinforcement layer

longitudinal bars ( = 0.0035)

FRP-Hybrid Reinforced Deck

CFRP - Aslan 200

Note: GFRP properties are

min. layer separation

Crack Width Check

CFRP bottom transverse bars

crack width calculations

GFRP top transverse bars

crack width calculations

Option 5 FRP- Hybrid

bottom reinforcement layer

Steel -FRP Hybrid Reinforced Deck

Note: GFRP properties are

min. layer separation

steel bottom reinforc

Crack Width Check

bottom transverse bars

crack width calculations

GFRP top transverse bars

crack width calculations

Option 6 Steel-FRP Hybrid

steel bottom reinforcement layer

Externally Restrained Deck

GFRP Crack Control Reinf

GFRP Crack Control Reinforcement

Summary of Design Options

Basic Cost database